Neighbourhood design is a part of sustainable development, and attempts to create better places for people by reflecting residents' values, as well as coordinating powers, resources, and actions between stakeholders. This research aims to investigate neighbourhood regeneration plans using an activity-based approach. It explores how daily social activities can be modelled using the case study of Brunswick, to develop the analytical and decision-support roles of modelling in the urban design process. The literature about the role of design in urban development argues that the designers' attempts to predict how new environments will actually be used have not often been successful. It is assumed that if the design process incorporates human-centred activities in creating and maintaining neighbourhood places, the certainty and reliability of any future vision will be enhanced. Following a critical review of the concept of activity in urban design and urban modelling, the daily activities of Brunswick residents are investigated through the residents' completion of daily diaries. This data contributes to an analytical activity-based approach. The outcomes provide the analyses of the following areas: the activity choices of individuals and how these choices are linked with the socio-demographics of residents, how current local agencies and the existing physical environment provide opportunities and restrict residents' participation in local activities, and the future activity-based scenarios of change as a result of the neighbourhood regeneration proposal submitted to the Manchester City Council. Ultimately, an activity-based framework is proposed which enables the qualitative analysis of regeneration planning statements, community consultation reports, institutional programmes, and policy documents. The framework then outlines the method of integrating the three above mentioned quantitative results with the qualitative data, and the formation of activity scenarios. This thesis demonstrates how this framework assists local agencies, authorities, service providers, and regeneration teams with regard to improving their services, promoting social integration of residents in neighbourhoods, and linking neighbourhoods to their wider contexts. The modelling results reveal that the elderly residents of Brunswick are isolated, the Brunswick spaces are not frequently used in the evenings, and the existing activities are not popular for male, employed and highly qualified residents. Although Brunswick Church attempts to be the community centre of the Brunswick neighbourhood, the provision of activities in this place is via other organisations. Medlock School and the Sure Start Children's Centre are the community hubs for parents and children to socially interact with other members. In addition, the new layout of the Brunswick neighbourhood after the regeneration scheme will improve the safety level of the Brunswick spaces, but will partially link Brunswick to Manchester. There is the lack of exchanging data as well as the absence of the indication of the reasons and processes that have contributed to the current challenges in Brunswick. Hence, there is inconsistency between the stakeholders' views towards the neighbourhood issues, and limited evidence is available for stakeholders to have a robust future outlook to the regeneration plan.

<p>Gottfridsson, H. O., 2007, Färdmedelsvalets komplexa förutsättningar – En studie av arbetspendling i småbarnshushåll med Kils kommun som exempel, (Complex conditions governing choice of transport – A study of parents of young children commuting to work from the municipality of Kil).</p><p>Travel is a means through which people fulfil a variety of social and biological requirements. In turn, the purpose, destination and identity of the traveller set different requirements that different forms of transport have different opportunities of fulfilling.</p><p>The purpose of this dissertation is to find out about the complex conditions that form the scope for action in the choice of transport, in this particular case for parents of young children when travelling to and from work. The dissertation emphasises the importance of studying the whole picture and of the interchange between the component parts in order to gain a better understanding of the conditions governing a commuter’s choice of transport.</p><p>In the study a theoretical framework of reference is gradually established by mixing empiricism and theory. As a result, a number of factors significant for the transport selection process are identified. These factors include the composition and organisation of the household, transport system structures, local community structures and the resources and preferences of the commuter.</p><p>Several methods were used during the collection of data. Data about commuters was collected via surveys and travel diaries. Traffic systems and associated structures were studied with the help of maps.</p><p>Work requirements combined with local structures such as the location of the home, workplace and services, and how the household chooses to organise daily activities, place specific demands on the planning of the journey to and from work. Different transport systems meet these demands in varying degrees. The choice of transport is also determined by the commuter’s socio-economic situation, travel resources and how he or she, depending on motives, knowledge and habits finally perceives the alternatives available.</p><p>The results confirm that car users and public transport users have different strategies when choosing transport. The results also indicate that there are commuters who declare the same grounds for their choice of transport, but who in practice conclude different consequences and choose different means of transport. The data also indicates clearly that among users of public transport there are major differences in journey times, number of stops, distance to bus stops and travel costs, and that commuters who use public transport are more complex as a group.</p>

Gottfridsson, H. O., 2007, Färdmedelsvalets komplexa förutsättningar – En studie av arbetspendling i småbarnshushåll med Kils kommun som exempel, (Complex conditions governing choice of transport – A study of parents of young children commuting to work from the municipality of Kil). Travel is a means through which people fulfil a variety of social and biological requirements. In turn, the purpose, destination and identity of the traveller set different requirements that different forms of transport have different opportunities of fulfilling. The purpose of this dissertation is to find out about the complex conditions that form the scope for action in the choice of transport, in this particular case for parents of young children when travelling to and from work. The dissertation emphasises the importance of studying the whole picture and of the interchange between the component parts in order to gain a better understanding of the conditions governing a commuter’s choice of transport. In the study a theoretical framework of reference is gradually established by mixing empiricism and theory. As a result, a number of factors significant for the transport selection process are identified. These factors include the composition and organisation of the household, transport system structures, local community structures and the resources and preferences of the commuter. Several methods were used during the collection of data. Data about commuters was collected via surveys and travel diaries. Traffic systems and associated structures were studied with the help of maps. Work requirements combined with local structures such as the location of the home, workplace and services, and how the household chooses to organise daily activities, place specific demands on the planning of the journey to and from work. Different transport systems meet these demands in varying degrees. The choice of transport is also determined by the commuter’s socio-economic situation, travel resources and how he or she, depending on motives, knowledge and habits finally perceives the alternatives available. The results confirm that car users and public transport users have different strategies when choosing transport. The results also indicate that there are commuters who declare the same grounds for their choice of transport, but who in practice conclude different consequences and choose different means of transport. The data also indicates clearly that among users of public transport there are major differences in journey times, number of stops, distance to bus stops and travel costs, and that commuters who use public transport are more complex as a group.

Au prisme de la diversité des pratiques spatio-temporelles, la mobilité constitue sans contestation l'élément majeur des relations sociales contemporaines. Si les pratiques spatio-temporelles et les formes des mobilités quotidiennes sont loin d'être homogènes, comment peut-on pour autant les décrire, les qualifier et les rendre plus compréhensibles ? L'échelle la plus adéquate pour analyser ces comportements peut être celle de l'aire métropolitaine car c'est en effet un espace qui résulte de ces mobilités et dans lequel s'inscrit la majorité des mobilités urbaines d'aujourd'hui. Cette thèse tend à établir une lecture de l'hétérogénéité de l'espace métropolitain grenoblois et de ses organisations, à travers l'analyse des pratiques des mobilités quotidiennes. Une meilleure connaissance et représentation des comportements de la mobilité quotidienne dans l'espace-temps constitue le coeur de sa problématique. La motivation essentielle de ce cadrage est la prise en compte de l'individu dans le contexte de mobilité qui lui est propre, avec toutes ses dimensions particulières. Une démarche originale vise à rendre possible une lecture et une analyse des mobilités et des activités ainsi que des disparités en cours, à travers une grande base de données quantitatives, l'enquête ménages déplacements (EMD 2002 sur la région grenobloise). Il s'agit d'une analyse secondaire des données d'un outil majeur des politiques publiques locales et qui n'a pas été utilisé jusqu'à présent pour analyser les formes des mobilités quotidiennes.

In dieser Arbeit werden außerberufliche Tätigkeiten von Erwerbstätigen in ihrem Arbeitsortumfeld untersucht. Es wird erforscht, welche Aktivitäten Erwerbstätige dort koppeln. Als Einflussfaktoren werden die funktional-räumliche Ausstattung des Arbeitsortumfeldes, deren Wahrnehmung und Bewertung durch die Erwerbstätigen und Merkmale der beruflichen Tätigkeit, Verkehrsmittelwahl und soziodemographische Merkmale betrachtet. Nahmobilität im Arbeitsortumfeld wurde bislang in Deutschland noch nicht explizit untersucht. Damit wurden bisher aus theoretischer Sicht ein bedeutsamer Pol des Aktionsraumes von Personen sowie ein wesentlicher Ansatzpunkt zur planerischen Stärkung der Nahmobilität bzw. der Umsetzung des Leitbildes der Stadt der kurzen Wege vernachlässigt. Eine quantitative Befragung von Angehörigen der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (N = 565) zeigte die Bedeutung des Arbeitsortumfeldes für die Alltagsorganisation in den Bereichen Freizeit, Dienstleistungen und Einzelhandel auf. Zur Beschreibung des Kopplungsverhaltens dienen die Begriffe „Nutzerakzeptanz“, „objektives Nutzungsspektrum“ und „subjektives Nutzungsspektrum“. Es üben 96 % der Personen Aktivitäten im Arbeitsortumfeld aus (Nutzerakzeptanz). Sie konzentrieren ihre Nutzung meist auf wenige Gelegenheiten aus dem Spektrum aller vorhandenen Gelegenheiten (objektives Nutzungsspektrum). Neu eingeführt wird in der vorliegenden Studie das subjektive Nutzungsspektrum als Anteil der genutzten an den subjektiv bekannten Angeboten im Arbeitsortumfeld. Im Vergleich zum objektiven ist das subjektive Nutzungsspektrum deutlich größer. Es konnte ein deutlicher Zusammenhang der Nutzung von Angeboten im Arbeitsortumfeld mit der Stadtstruktur, mit der Verkehrsmittelwahl und mit soziodemographischen Merkmalen der Befragten aufgezeigt werden. Der Zusammenhang des Nutzungsverhaltens mit Merkmalen der Erwerbstätigkeit ist hingegen nicht eindeutig interpretierbar. / The present work investigates what non-work activities are trip chained by employees nearby their places of work. As influencing factors the facility mix close to the places of work, its perception and evaluation, occupational characteristics, mode of transport, and sociodemographic factors are taken into account. So far, in (German) research there is a strong tendency to focus on the residential area end of the trip when exploring short-distance mobility patterns. Thus, research left an important part of action space unattended and disregarded an aspect of land use that might be susceptible to successful planning control in order to promote short-distance mobility patterns. A quantitative survey among members of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (N = 565) revealed the importance of the proximity of the place of work for non-work activities in the fields of recreation, services and shopping. The utilisation of facilities is described by the terms “acceptance of facilities by users” (1; “Nutzerakzeptanz”), “objectively used share of facilities” (2; “objektives Nutzungsspektrum”) and “subjectively used share of facilities” (3; “subjektives Nutzungsspektrum”). 96 % of the respondents carry out activities nearby their place of work (1). In doing so, most people concentrate only on a few facilities out of the whole range of facilities offered (2). A new aspect in the present work is the focus on the “subjectively used share of facilities” which describes the portion of used facilities of all facilities known to a person. In comparison to the “objectively used share of facilities” the “subjectively used share of facilities” is bigger. An interrelationship of the utilisation of facilities with facility mix, perception and evaluation of the facilities, choice of transport mode, and sociodemographic characteristics, respectively, was found. The interrelation between the utilization of facilities and occupational characteristics is less clear.

In software development projects, bug triage consists mainly of assigning bug reports to software developers or teams (depending on the project). The partial or total automation of this task would have a positive economic impact on many software projects. This thesis introduces a systematic four-step method to find some of the best configurations of several machine learning algorithms intending to solve the automatic bug assignment problem. These four steps are respectively used to select a combination of pre-processing techniques, a bug report representation, a potential feature selection technique and to tune several classifiers. The aforementioned method has been applied on three software projects: 66 066 bug reports of a proprietary project, 24 450 bug reports of Eclipse JDT and 30 358 bug reports of Mozilla Firefox. 619 configurations have been applied and compared on each of these three projects. In production, using the approach introduced in this work on the bug reports of the proprietary project would have increased the accuracy by up to 16.64 percentage points.