Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2008.

O presente trabalho apresenta a rotina de tratamento de crianças e jovens com doença renal crônica, tendo como finalidade investigar as práticas performadas neste cenário e acompanhar as construções que se moldam durante a realização da hemodiálise. Nesse sentido, tomamos a orientação teórico-metodológica proposta na Teoria ator-rede (TAR), seguindo os atores - humanos e não-humanos - e apresentando as conexões parciais presentes neste campo. Nesse movimento, surgem novos olhares à Psicologia, apontando para uma prática que rompe com os moldes tradicionais, tendo como setting a sala da hemodiálise e partilha a relação terapêutica com os inúmeros actantes deste espaço: agulhas, cateter, responsáveis, técnicos, profissionais de saúde, etc. Colabora ainda para deslocar a noção de saúde e doença como polaridades e , principalmente, para desmontar este último como um estado marginal. Mol (2008) nos ensina que o adoecimento deve ser entendido como parte integrante do sujeito, e que, portanto, estar doente ou saudável representam momentos do fluxo de estar vivo. E isto envolve práticas de cuidado, ou melhor, abrange a negociação entre o desejável e o possível, o que requer investigação caso a caso. Do mesmo modo, o tratamento da hemodiálise é encarado de diferentes formas, na medida que se constitui como um arranjo do sujeito em relação ao espaço, às práticas, às pessoas, etc, sendo, portanto, uma das possibilidades existentes de cuidar do curso da doença renal, que é crônico. Além disso, o corpo é apresentado como um campo de afetações e de associações, por isso deve ser entendido a partir destas. Logo, quando Haraway (1995) afirma que somos todos ciborgues, está apontando uma nova versão sobre o organismo e a realidade material, sendo a experiência dialítica um dos exemplos concreto deste modo de articulação. / This researsh presents the routine treatment of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease, and aims to investigate the practices performadas this scenario and accompanying buildings that are shaped during the course of hemodialysis. In this sense, we took the theoretical-methodological approach proposed in Actor-network theory (ART), following the actors - human and nonhuman - and presenting partial connections present in this area. In this movement, brings new looks to Psychology, pointing to a practice that breaks the traditional mold, with the setting of hemodialysis room and sharing the therapeutic relationship with the numerous surfactants this space: needles, catheters, managers, practitioners, health professionals etc.. Collaborates yet to displace the notion of health and disease as polarities and especially to dismantle the latter as a marginal state. Mol (2008) teaches us that the illness must be understood as part of the subject, and therefore be ill or healthy flow represent moments of being alive. And this involves care practices, or rather covers the negotiation between the desirable and the possible, which requires case by case. Similarly, treatment of hemodialysis is viewed in different ways, to the extent that such an arrangement is the subject in relation to space, the practices, people, etc., thus being one of the possibilities of caring for stroke kidney disease, which is chronic. In addition, the body is presented as a field of affectations and associations, so it should be understood from these. So when Haraway (1995) argues that we are all cyborgs, is pointing a new version on the body and material reality, being one of the dialysis experience concrete examples of this mode of articulation.

Neste texto gostaria de apresentar uma investigação sobre as associações de criminalidade investidas na figura do camelô através da Teoria Ator-rede. Diante da realização de dois grandes eventos, a Copa do Mundo em 2014 e os jogos Olímpicos em 2016, foi estabelecido um plano municipal de ordem pública com diagnósticos e proposições a fim de gerir a cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Uma dessas proposições envolve a política do Choque de Ordem que parte do princípio que a desordem urbana é um deflagrador de atividades criminosas. Assim, iniciou-se um processo de higienização das ruas da cidade, que refletiu sobre o trabalho do camelô. Logo, as políticas públicas promovidas para esta cidade aparecem como foco de discussão neste trabalho. Principalmente, como o tema da criminalidade se vincula ou é vinculado à figura do camelô. / In this text we would like to present an investigation into the crime associations invested in figure of camelô by Actor-Network Theory. Before the completion of two major events, the World Cup in 2014 and the Olympics in 2016, a plan was established municipal public with diagnoses and proposals to manage the city of Rio de Janeiro. One of these propositions involves the policy "Choque de Ordem" it assumes that urban disorder is a trigger for criminal activities. Thus began a process of "cleaning" the streets of the city, which reflected on the work of the street vendor. Soon, the public policies adopted for this city appear as a focus of discussion in this work.

The ‘localist turn’ in technology studies, exemplified by Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and Social Construction of Technology (SCOT), emphasises the agency of actors in innovation processes while, arguably, neglecting structural influences. They provide rather little guidance regarding methodological choices apart from encouraging rich description and offer only limited capacity to explain the dynamics of technological change. This thesis addresses the need to articulate a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the contextually-shaped, often highly contingent processes of technological innovation. For this purpose a single, in-depth longitudinal case study was conducted of the development, implementation and use of a strategic information system - a strategic network planning tool - in a German car company. It was analysed applying a biographical perspective which argues for extended analytical foci across multiple sites, moments and time frames in technology studies to account for the complexities and uncertainties inherent in technological change processes. A mixed repository of historical and ethnographic data has been collected, drawing on public and internal corporate documents as well as 44 interviews and extended periods of participant observation at multiple sites. The data was coded and analysed aided by simultaneously building an extensive data-rich timeline of the innovation journey. As a result, our empirically detailed focus on a twelve-year period is contextualised by a historical narrative considering corporate historical developments over three decades. An ecology metaphor is articulated to appreciate multiple episodes and moments of innovation dispersed in space and time - a view neglected by common metaphors of systems and networks. The metaphor underpins a loose framework, tentatively entitled the Ecological Shaping of Technology, that draws on concepts from science and technology studies and cognate discussions in the sociology of professions to engage with the intricacies of space and scales of time in studying the ‘Biographies of Artefacts and Practices’ (Pollock and Williams, 2009; Hyysalo, 2010). The framework pursues a dynamic, longitudinal understanding of the evolution of a protracted technology development project which went through significant changes in conception and in the players involved and their configuration. This is conceptualised in terms of the development of a ‘kernel’ (Ribes & Polk, 2015) of resources and services managed by, and made available to, an alliance of players. While alliances can shift, the kernel persists and evolves over time as players try to attract more resources by entering into negotiations in promising ‘arenas of expectation’ (Bakker et al., 2011) or navigating around those that are less amenable. Technology is portrayed as an element of a package of instrumentalities (de Solla Price, 1983) comprising theories, methods and instruments that are spread across a wider ecology of distributed boundary objects (Star & Griesemer, 1989). Technologies crystallise from efforts of adopting, testing and developing packages to solve specific problems (Fujimura, 1995). A specific technology is co-developed, according to the set of local constrains and specifications delineated by a kernel's alliance of ecologies. These are understood in terms of Abbott’s (2005) conception of linked ecologies. The historically shaped and contingent ecological topography of an innovation project is highlighted as a major influence in the social shaping of technological artefacts.

This is an auto/ethnographic account of one organization and one person as we concurrently moved thru a process of IT driven planned organizational change. The purpose of the study is to explain how the change agent is affected by the experience of leading change. Using actor-network theory and a polyphonic approach, I present a multi-voiced, multi-actor account of the social network in situ and trace how the various actors engaged with one another during the organizational change process. I reflect upon my own multi-role performativity when acting in the role of the internal change agent next to my daily job roles and explore the effects on both me and the network; which identifies that a new actor network has been created. Finally, a multi-voiced exploration of myself is presented which traces my evolution from researcher to auto/ethnographer, further demonstrating the effects of multi-role performativity on the human actor. The study demonstrates that the effects of organizational change on both the social network and the actors within the network cannot be foreseen. Furthermore, in combining the use of Actor Network Theory and auto-ethnography, the study provides new insights into the effects of performance on the human actor within a socio-technical network, which is an unexplored dimension within the field of organizational change.

Na tentativa de compreender como os saberes são desenvolvidos nas práticas de um grupo em um hackerspace, este estudo parte da perspectiva da aprendizagem baseada em práticas pelo viés da abordagem teórico-metodológica da teoria atorrede para acompanhar a realização das atividades cotidianas de um coletivo em um hackerspace. Sem definições prévias estabelecidas acerca do conceito de hackerspace, o estudo tem como objetivo compreender como os saberes são desenvolvidos nas práticas de um grupo, em um hackerspace, e como são enactados pelas relações entre os diversos elementos heterogêneos da rede. Para isso, foi necessário, além da análise das práticas predominantes no cotidiano do coletivo, identificar e descrever – considerando humanos e não humanos de forma simétrica – como os processos de aprendizagem são engendrados nessas práticas, passando a constituir saberes. A fim de viabilizar a pesquisa, desenvolveu-se um estudo, orientado pela teoria ator-rede como método e lente de análise, entre os meses de dezembro de 2013 e setembro de 2014, em um hackerspace localizado em Porto Alegre, RS. Com o propósito de alcançar os objetivos formulados nesse trabalho, são descritas e analisadas as principais práticas predominantes na organização pesquisada e seus processos de aprendizagem, revelando que práticas, saberes e aprendizagem coexistem e se encontram imbricadas no constante organizar do coletivo. A incompletude de ser e as hibridizações enactadas nas práticas são discutidas posteriormente e denotam a agência dos não humanos, oriunda de arranjos momentaneamente estabelecidos entre os actantes da rede. A pesquisa revelou a complexidade dos saberes, que se encontram vinculados a um conjunto de práticas conectadas, uma vez que são constituídos por elas, ao mesmo tempo em que as constituem, sendo engendrados nas relações heterogêneas da rede. / In order to understand how the knowledge is developed in the practices of a hackerspace group, this research proceeds from the learning perspective of practices based on the theoretical and methodological approach of the actor-network theory bias to monitor daily activities of a collective in a hackerspace. Without previous definition of the concept of hackerspace, this study objective is to comprehend how the knowledge is developed in a group, in a hackerspace, and how it is accomplished by the relationship between the various heterogeneous network elements. For this, it was necessary, in addition to analyze the current practices in the daily life of the group, identify and describe – considering symmetrically humans and nonhumans – how the learning processes are fomented in these practices and built into knowledge. In order to accredit the research, a study was developed, based on the actor-network theory as the method of the analysis, from December 2013 to September 2014, in a hackerspace located in Porto Alegre, RS. With the purpose to achieve the goals of this research, the key practices and learning processes of the studied organization are described and analyzed, revealing that practice, knowledge and learning are intertwined and coexist in the group. The incompleteness of being and the hybridizations accomplished in the practices are discussed posteriorly and denote the agency of nonhumans, emerged from momentaneous arrangements established among the actants of the network. The study reveals the complexity of knowledge, which is linked to a group of practices, as it is constituted by them and in the same time it constitutes them, being engendered in the heterogeneous relations of the network.

Social factors and social contexts have long been implicated in shaping/influencing behaviours, actions, and outcomes, including social and health inequities. The social determinants of health concept has shown that health and health inequities are shaped by a variety of socio-cultural factors including education, socio-economic status, gender, ethnicity, and the social and physical environments in which people live. Critical drug scholars have specifically sought to understand how contexts and environments shape drug use and related harms. The “risk environment” framework, for example, suggests that drug use, risky drug use practices (e.g., needle sharing), and drug use-related harms are shaped by social, physical, economic and policy environments. Yet while contexts are frequently implicated in framing and shaping behaviours, the specific mechanisms at play are rarely unpacked. I address this gap by further “opening up” contexts of drug consumption and social marginalization in order to extend our knowledge of drug use among marginalized people who use drugs (PWUD) My dissertation includes 3 analyses of my data in the form of published (2) and submitted (1) manuscripts. Two-stage interviews (a short quantitative survey and longer qualitative interview) were conducted with fifty PWUD in the Downtown Eastside (DTES) neighbourhood in Vancouver, Canada. Data were analyzed with conceptual and theoretical tools borrowed from Situational Analysis, as well as actor-network and assemblage theories. In my first paper, I explore reasons for using drugs, and suggest that, despite known negative consequences of drug use, substance use among marginalized PWUD can be meaningful and beneficial. Participant narratives revealed four main themes regarding positive aspects of drugs and drug use in their lives: (1) pain relief and management; (2) alleviating mental health issues; (3) fostering social experiences; (4) pleasurable embodied experiences. These findings draw attention to the fallacies of drug prohibition and much current drug policy which has fabricated boundaries between the acceptable and unacceptable, resulting in the criminalization and stigmatization of certain substances and the people that use them. In my second paper, I draw upon actor-network theory and event analysis to explore how contexts shape drug consumption practices. My findings illustrate how specific methods of drug consumption (e.g., smoking or injecting) are shaped by an assemblage of objects, actors, affects, spaces and processes. Rather than emphasising the role of broad socio-structural factors (e.g., poverty, drug policy) participant narratives reveal how a variety of actors, both human and non-human, assembled in unique ways produce drug consumption events that have the capacity to influence or transform drug consumption practices. In my third paper, I explore how spaces/places frequently used by PWUD in the DTES that are commonly associated with risk and harm (e.g., alleyways, parks) can be re-imagined and re-constructed as spaces/places of safety and wellbeing. Conceptualizing spaces/places as assemblages, I trace the associations among/between a host of seemingly disparate actants – such as material objects, actors, processes, affect, temporal elements, policies and practices – to better understand how experiences of harm, or conversely wellbeing, unfold, and shed light on how risky spaces/places can be re-constructed as places that enable safety and wellbeing. Taken together these 3 papers/analyses provide unique insight into not only drug use among marginalized PWUD, but our understanding of the ways in which contexts and environments shape behaviour and social phenomena. These findings have direct implication for harm reduction theory and drug policy. With greater insight into the contexts of drug use, drug policy and harm reduction strategies may be better tailored to prevent drug use-related harms. / Graduate / 2019-12-07

[pt] O presente trabalho tem por finalidade observar as relações existentes entre psicologia e neurociência. A partir da Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR), especificamente, o trabalho de Bruno Latour, observa-se as redes sociotécnicas que formam o campo da neurociência. Munido de alguns conceitos fundamentais tais como fe(i)tiche, caixa-preta e rede sociotécnica, aponta-se os agenciamentos feitos a partir da rede formada, tendo os trabalhos científicos sobre o cérebro como ponto de entrada. Atribui-se um valor específico ao cérebro, que produz um agenciamento em uma série de actantes. Essa rede de actantes constituiria o campo neurocientífico, no qual a psicologia passa a se articular de determinada maneira. Essas articulações produzem interesses a determinadas práticas psi, que se apresentam dispostas a lidar com uma naturalização do pensamento. Ao mesmo tempo, observa-se que, desde suas elaborações, tais práticas psi possuem uma pretensão cientificista, o que encontra grande consonância nos trabalhos neurocientíficos. / [en] The present study seeks to evaluate the relationship between psychology and neuroscience. Therefore, taking the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and Bruno Latour s work, specifically, it can be noticed the socio-technical networks that trace the field of neuroscience. Armed with some basic concepts such as factishes, black box and sociotechnical network, pointing up the assemblages made from the network formed, and scientific work on the brain as the entry point. It has assigned a specific value to the brain that produces an assemblage of a series of actants. This network of actants constitute the field of neuroscience, in which psychology articulates in a certain way. When psychology articulates with neurosciences, there are some interests to certain psi practices, disposed with a naturalization of thought. At the same time, we observe that, since its elaborations, such practices have a scientific claim, which is great harmony in the work neuroscience.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-03T12:12:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JONATTA SOUSA PAULINO - TESE (PPGCS) 2017.pdf: 2214464 bytes, checksum: 756c080f88fbc22aa10f07e5dfc6d6bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T12:12:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JONATTA SOUSA PAULINO - TESE (PPGCS) 2017.pdf: 2214464 bytes, checksum: 756c080f88fbc22aa10f07e5dfc6d6bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / O fomento da prática agroecológica se dá por meio do trabalho conjunto de uma série de pessoas, representantes de discursos e instituições, constituindo atores-chaves para o entendimento das dinâmicas atuais do mundo rural. Dentre as três principais vertentes da agroecologia (prática agrícola, movimento social e ciência), focar-se-á, nessa pesquisa, no âmbito da sua atividade acadêmico-científica. A preocupação desta tese está relacionada com as condições de existência de um campo científico que institucionaliza a agroecologia no Brasil, enquanto uma manifestação específica das várias estratégias discursivas e práticas que envolvem a agroecologia. Sabendo disto, o objetivo geral é analisar o cenário científico agroecológico nacional, enxergando as redes tecidas para a construção deste campo, seus discursos de transformação social, atores e suas implicações na construção de políticas para o mundo rural. A metodologia seguida consiste em uma análise de redes a partir da Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) de Bruno Latour (2012), posta em prática a partir da leitura de vários textos sobre agroecologia, focando naqueles que tratam de suas características epistemológicas e discursivas e, em seguida, no trabalho de campo propriamente dito, com a realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas focando nas trajetórias dos atores escolhidos e na observação de eventos acadêmicos da área, levando em conta a capacidade performativa da ciência, onde cientistas, pesquisadores, professores e técnicos de organizações da sociedade civil que se dedicam a esta temática pautam o debate na construção de uma agenda para as políticas públicas. Esta pesquisa mostrou que a institucionalização da agroecologia se faz a partir de uma rede internacional de humanos e não-humanos, conformando grupos de cientistas que procuram acumular capitais ao longo de suas trajetórias profissionais – imbuídos de discursos ecológicos, ambientais e de empoderamento de minorias – para adentrar no Estado em contextos políticos favoráveis e fortalecer iniciativas voltadas para a agroecologia. / The fomentation of agroecological practice occurs through the joint work of a number of people, representatives of discourses and institutions, constituting key-players for understanding the current dynamics of the rural world. Among the three main aspects of agroecology (agricultural practice, social movement and science), this research will focus on its academic-scientific activity. The concern of this thesis is related to the existence’s conditions of a scientific field that institutionalizes agroecology in Brazil, as a specific manifestation of the various discursive and practical strategies that involve agroecology. Knowing this, the general objective is to analyze the national agro-ecological scientific scenario, seeing the networks woven for the construction of this field, its discourses of social transformation, actors and the implications in the construction of policies for the rural world. The methodology consists of a network analysis based on Bruno Latour's Actor-Network Theory (ANT) (2012), put into practice through the reading of several texts about agroecology, focusing on those that deal with their epistemological and discursive characteristics, and then, in the fieldwork itself, with the realization of semi-structured interviews focusing on the trajectories of the chosen actors and the observation of academic events in the área, given the performative capacity of science, where scientists, researchers, professors and technicians from civil society organizations that dedicate themselves to this theme guide the debate in the construction of an agenda for public policies. This research showed that the institutionalization of agroecology is based on an international network of humans and nonhumans, forming groups of scientists seeking to accumulate capital along their professional trajectories – imbued with ecological, environmental and minority empowerment discourses – to enter the State in favorable political contexts and strengthen initiatives focused on agroecology.

Existem demarcações visíveis no campo dos saberes, que separam a aprendizagem do fazer, as pessoas e a materialidade, o mundo natural e o humano, as ciências humanas das ciências exatas e assim por diante. Em relação ao tema aprendizagem organizacional e dos saberes, essa tendência dicotômica não destoaria tanto, já que existem linhas teóricas diferentes que tratam o fenômeno por um viés mais técnico e cognitivista, descolado do social, e outras abordagens que assumem o tema através de seu caráter processual, fluído e relacional. A teoria da aprendizagem baseada em práticas, que se inspira em quatro possíveis abordagens, dentre elas a teoria ator- rede, é uma dessas possibilidades teóricas e empíricas para se analisar e compreender os fenômenos de outra maneira: não mais pela segmentação, mas através das relações estabelecidas entre atores heterogêneos de uma rede, que se constituem nas práticas. O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender os saberes desenvolvidos nas práticas de trabalho de um grupo de mulheres de uma cooperativa, a partir da teoria ator-rede. Para isso, foi necessário, além da analise das práticas predominantes no cotidiano, identificar e descrever os processos de aprendizagem e analisar os elementos não-humanos presentes nas práticas de trabalho do grupo pesquisado. Para viabilizar a pesquisa, desenvolveu-se um estudo etnográfico, conduzido entre os meses de outubro de 2011 e setembro de 2012, em uma cooperativa de costureiras, em Porto Alegre, RS. Para concretizar os objetivos propostos neste trabalho, são descritas e analisadas as principais práticas de trabalho presentes no cotidiano do coletivo, que revelaram o imbricamento ontológico entre as práticas, os saberes e a aprendizagem. Após essa referência, são discutidas as hibridizações que se formam na constituição das práticas, a incompletude de ser e a agência provocada pelos atores não-humanos. Com o intuito de demonstrar a complexidade e a dinamicidade dos saberes, são descritas e relacionadas algumas sequências de gestos realizadas no desenvolvimento dos fazeres de corte, serigrafia e costura da cooperativa. A pesquisa apontou a possibilidade de uma articulação teórica entre a teoria ator-rede e a noção de saberes; indicou também que os saberes são complexos, estão vinculados a uma rede-de-práticas e são aprendidos e desenvolvidos por meio das relações, estabelecidas entre os actantes da rede. / There are visible demarcations in the field of knowledge, which separate learning from doing, people from materiality, the natural world from the human world, humanities from hard sciences and so on. On the subject of knowledge and organizational learning, this dichotomic tendency would not distune too much, since there are different theoretical lines that deal with the phenomenon of a more technical and cognitive bias, detached from social, and other approaches that assume the theme through its processual, fluid and relational character. The practice based learning theory, which is based on four possible approaches, among them actor- network theory, is one of those theoretical and empirical possibilities to analyze and understand the phenomena in another way: not by segmentation, but through relations among heterogeneous actors in a network, which are constituted in practice. The aim of this study was to understand the knowing developed in the working practices of a group of women in a cooperative through the actor-network theory. For that, it was necessary, in addition to the analysis of the prevailing practice in daily life, to identify and to describe the learning processes and analyze non- human elements present in the working practices of the studied group. In order to enable the research, an ethnographic study was developed, from October, 2011 to September, 2012, in a cooperative of dressmakers in Porto Alegre, RS. To achieve the proposed goals, the main practices of collective everyday work are described and analyzed, which revealed the ontological overlapping between practices, knowledge and learning. Upon this reference, hybridizations that are formed in the constitution of practices are discussed, the incompleteness of being and the agency caused by non- human actors. In order to demonstrate the complexity and dinamicity of knowing, some sequences of gestures performed in the development of cutting, screen printing and sewing doings are described and related to each other. The study indicated the possibility of a theoretical link between the actor-network theory and the notion of knowing, and also indicated that knowledges are complex and they are linked to a network-of-practices and they are learned and developed through the relationship established among actants from the network.