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Thesis (Doctoral)--Departments of Surgical Pathophysiology and Anaesthesiology, University of Lund, University Hospital MAS. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in Swedish. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Doctoral)--Departments of Surgical Pathophysiology and Anaesthesiology, University of Lund, University Hospital MAS. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in Swedish. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Inflammatory diseases such as hypertension are associated with high levels of oxidative stress. Characteristic of oxidative stress is the inflammatory acute phase protein response. Oxidative stress and its accompanied inflammation can be reduced via phase 2 enzyme induction. Broccoli sprouts, a rich source of phase 2 enzyme inducers such as isothiocyanates, can be incorporated into the diet to increase phase 2 enzymes. <p> The hypothesis of this study is that, the dietary intake of dried broccoli sprouts, by inducing liver phase 2 enzymes, will decrease oxidative stress and the acute phase response in the blood of spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. <p> Spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRsp) and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were placed either on a control diet of modified AIN-93G or an experimental diet of modified AIN-93G supplemented with dried broccoli sprouts. The following parameters were examined: 1. Isothiocyanate absorption (an increased level of dithiocarbamates is reflective of ITC absorption), 2. Oxidative stress (a reduction in oxidative stress is evidenced by an increase in plasma protein thiols and blood glutathione (GSH)), 3. Acute phase proteins (a decreased APR is reflected by an increase in plasma albumin and a decrease in ceruloplasmin), 4. Activity of phase 2 enzymes (increased phase 2 enzyme induction results in higher activities of liver quinone reductase (QR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR)). <p> My experimental results demonstrated that broccoli sprout feeding results in higher protein thiol levels in female SHRsp and higher blood GSH levels in males but no acute phase protein changes were observed in either male or female SHRsp. Broccoli sprout feeding caused higher QR and lower GST activities in female SHRsp but did not affect the activities of phase 2 enzymes in male SHRsp. The activities of GST and QR were higher in SD rats than in SHRsp. Levels of dithiocarbamates were higher in the broccoli fed group than in the control fed group. <p> The results from this study do not present a clear pattern to support the hypothesis that dietary intake of broccoli sprouts by inducing phase 2 enzymes will decrease parameters of oxidative stress and the acute phase response. <p> In conclusion, there is an interactive role played by animal gender and the induction of phase 2 enzymes by dried broccoli sprouts.

Inflammatory diseases such as hypertension are associated with high levels of oxidative stress. Characteristic of oxidative stress is the inflammatory acute phase protein response. Oxidative stress and its accompanied inflammation can be reduced via phase 2 enzyme induction. Broccoli sprouts, a rich source of phase 2 enzyme inducers such as isothiocyanates, can be incorporated into the diet to increase phase 2 enzymes. <p> The hypothesis of this study is that, the dietary intake of dried broccoli sprouts, by inducing liver phase 2 enzymes, will decrease oxidative stress and the acute phase response in the blood of spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. <p> Spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRsp) and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were placed either on a control diet of modified AIN-93G or an experimental diet of modified AIN-93G supplemented with dried broccoli sprouts. The following parameters were examined: 1. Isothiocyanate absorption (an increased level of dithiocarbamates is reflective of ITC absorption), 2. Oxidative stress (a reduction in oxidative stress is evidenced by an increase in plasma protein thiols and blood glutathione (GSH)), 3. Acute phase proteins (a decreased APR is reflected by an increase in plasma albumin and a decrease in ceruloplasmin), 4. Activity of phase 2 enzymes (increased phase 2 enzyme induction results in higher activities of liver quinone reductase (QR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR)). <p> My experimental results demonstrated that broccoli sprout feeding results in higher protein thiol levels in female SHRsp and higher blood GSH levels in males but no acute phase protein changes were observed in either male or female SHRsp. Broccoli sprout feeding caused higher QR and lower GST activities in female SHRsp but did not affect the activities of phase 2 enzymes in male SHRsp. The activities of GST and QR were higher in SD rats than in SHRsp. Levels of dithiocarbamates were higher in the broccoli fed group than in the control fed group. <p> The results from this study do not present a clear pattern to support the hypothesis that dietary intake of broccoli sprouts by inducing phase 2 enzymes will decrease parameters of oxidative stress and the acute phase response. <p> In conclusion, there is an interactive role played by animal gender and the induction of phase 2 enzymes by dried broccoli sprouts.

Orientador: Helio Langoni / Resumo: A mastite bovina é responsável por grandes perdas econômicas na bovinocultura de leite, além de aspectos de saúde pública que devem também ser considerados. Animais com mastite clínica ou subclínica apresentam diversas alterações reprodutivas. No primeiro artigo da tese, os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a mastite causada por patógenos maiores (20,1%) ou por gram-negativos (15,4%) levaram a queda na taxa de prenhez na primeira inseminação comparado com o grupo controle (32,6%). Foi observado maior taxa de perda gestacional para os grupos de patógenos maiores (22,2%) e gram-negativos (30,1%) comparados com o controle (12,8%). Foi observado diferença entre todos os grupos para o número de dias em aberto. O grupo controle apresentou o menor intervalo (126,5 dias) seguido pelo grupo patógenos menores (162,0 dias) e pelo grupo de patógenos maiores (175,1 dias). Comportamento similar observado para patógenos gram-positivo (172,7 dias) e patógenos gram-negativos (191,1 dias). Portanto, é importante controlar a mastite em rebanhos leiteiros e, para tanto, o diagnóstico é uma etapa importante. Diferentes proteínas de fase aguda foram descritas como bons biomarcadores para o diagnóstico da mastite. No segundo artigo da tese, foi observado que diferentes patógenos podem alterar a liberação de proteínas de fase aguda no leite. Bactérias que causam inflamações mais graves (E. coli e Klebsiella pneumoniae) levaram maior concentração das APP. Patógenos que causam infecções crônica (Str... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Bovine mastitis is responsible for major economic losses in dairy cattle farming, as well as public health aspects that should also be considered. Animals with clinical or subclinical mastitis present several reproductive alterations. In the first article of this thesis, the results showed that mastitis caused by major pathogens (20.1%) or gram-negative (15.4%) led to a decrease in pregnancy rate in the first insemination compared to the control group (32.6%). Higher gestational loss rates were observed for the major (22.2%) and gram-negative (30.1%) pathogen groups compared with the control (12.8%). The difference was observed between all groups for the number of days open. The control group had the shortest interval (126.5 days) followed by the minor pathogens group (162.0 days) and the major pathogens group (175.1 days). Similar behavior observed for gram-positive pathogens (172.7 days) and gram-negative pathogens (191.1 days). Therefore, it is important to control mastitis in dairy herds and, so, diagnosis is a critical step. Different acute phase proteins have been described as good biomarkers for the diagnosis of mastitis. In the second article of this thesis, it was observed that different pathogens may alter the release of acute phase proteins in milk. Bacteria that cause more severe inflammation (E. coli and K. pneumoniae) led to a higher concentration of APP. Pathogens causing chronic infections (Environmental Streptococcus, S. aureus, Mycoplasma spp.) led to interm... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Os objetivos deste estudo foram: determinar a dinâmica de concentrações séricas de proteínas de fase aguda em cadelas gestantes e aspectos ultra-sonográficos da gestação, além de estabelecer uma possível correlação entre níveis séricos das mesmas proteínas, idade gestacional e aspectos ultra-sonográficos da gestação. Examinou-se 09 cadelas gestantes da referida raça com um aparelho portátil da marca GE®, modelo Logic &alpha; 100 MP, equipado com um transdutor convexo 5,0 MHz e outro linear de 7,5 MHz, de 2 a 3 vezes por semana a partir do 18&ordm; dia de gestação até o parto com a finalidade de mensurar as seguintes estruturas no concepto: DBP, DC e EP. Nos mesmos dias, coletou-se soro para dosagem de Hp, GA&alpha;1 e CRP por meio de kits comerciais (Phase Haptoglobin Assay ®, ,Canine &alpha;1 Acid Glycoprotein measurement kit ®; Phase Canine C - Reactive Protein Assay ®, Tridelta Development Limited, respectivamente). As cadelas do grupo NG tiveram o soro coletado a partir do proestro ao fim do diestro. Foi possível dividir o período gestacional em 9 semanas, cada uma delas, da terceira à nona semana de gestação, foi associada a um determinado conjunto de características ultra-sonográficas no concepto. As mensurações ultra-sonográficas foram altamente correlacionadas à idade gestacional e resultou em um modelo ; Y = 22,886 + 1,26 DBP + 0,107 DC, onde Y = idade gestacional (p < 0001 e R2 = 0,99). As concentrações séricas de Hp, GA&alpha;1 e CRP, no grupo G, foram significativamente maiores que no grupo NG a partir da 4&ordf; semana de gestação. Essas variáveis não foram tão bem correlacionadas com a idade gestacional, quanto às mensurações ultra-sonográficas no concepto, contudo, pode-se afirmar que as concentrações séricas máximas de Hp, GA&alpha;1 e CRP (11,11 ± 1,7 mg/ml; 449,44 ± 146,91 &micro;g/ml e 58,30 ± 14,69 µg/ml) foram atingidas na 5&ordf semana de gestação. Foi possível ilustrar a dinâmica das proteínas e fase aguda (Hp, GA&alpha;1 e CRP) e das mensurações ultra-sonográficas (DBP, DC e EP), possibilitando a visualização do comportamento dessas variáveis, uma em relação às outras, durante a gestação de cadelas da raça boxer. / The aims of this study were: to set up the dynamics of acute phase proteins serum concentrations in pregnant bitches and ultrasonographis features of conceptus and make a correlation among acute phase proteins serum levels, ultrasonographic features of conceptus and gestational age. Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed on 09 boxer bitches, 2 or 3 times per week from 18º day of gestation until parturition. The used device is a portable GE®, Logic &alpha; 100 MP, equipped with a sectorial transducer 5,0 MHz and another linear one of 7,5 MHz. Embryonic and fetal parameters had been measured: DBP, DC e EP. Serum samples were collected in the same day and acute phase proteins (Hp, GA&alpha;1 e CRP) were measured by commercial kits (Phase Haptoglobin Assay ®, Canine &alpha;1 Acid Glycoprotein measurement kit ®; Phase Canine C - Reactive Protein Assay ®, Tridelta Development Limited). Serum samples of non pregnant bitches were collected from the beginnig of proestrous to the end of diestrous. The gestational period was divided into 9 weeks, each one of them (from the 3rd to the 9th week of gestation) was associated to a range of ultrasonographic features of the conceptus. Ultrasonographic mensurations (DBP, DC e EP) were linearly correlated to gestational age. The R2 values were > 0,9 in all cases, whitch indicates that more than 90% of the variability of gestational age was explained by any one of these measurements. Those mensurations were put in a multivariated model and resulted in a equation: Y = 22,886 + 1,26 DBP + 0,107 DC (p < 0,0001 e R2 = 0,99) that is able to estimate the gestational age. Hp, GA&alpha;1 e CRP seric concentrations were statisticaly more elevated in pregnant than in non pregnant bitches, from the 4th week of gestation until parturition. The acute phase proteins didn´t presented goog correlation to the gestational age like the ultrasonographic mensurations did, however it is possible to affirm that their concentrations reached maximum values (Hp = 11,11 ± 1,7 mg/ml, GA&alpha;1 = 449,44 ± 146,91 µg/ml e CRP = 58,30 ± 14,69 µg/ml) on the 5th week. The dynamic of the acute phase proteins (Hp, GA&alpha;1 e CRP) and ultrasonographic mensurations (DBP, DC e EP) was performed in order to visualise the profile of all mean measurements, one regarding to the other, during gestation in boxer bitches.

A manheimiose pneumônica bovina (MPB) gera significativa lesividade quando predomina no Complexo Doença Respiratória Bovina. Visto isso, considera-se importante o estudo do diagnóstico precoce para melhor estadiamento e tratamento da doença. As concentrações plasmáticas e séricas das proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) têm sido adotadas na medicina veterinária como marcadores precoces de doenças inflamatórias e algumas vezes, relacionadas ao bem-estar animal. O presente estudo objetivou revisar o painel inflamatório da MPB; investigar a contribuição que o emprego da flunixina meglumina no tratamento de bovinos manifestando MPB; e investigar marcadores inflamatórios para o diagnóstico precoce da doença e evolução do tratamento, empregando referências de bem estar animal. Para isto foram utilizados 12 bezerros da raça holandesa com seis meses de idade, hígidos e divididos em dois grupos experimentais, o primeiro tratado com antimicrobiano e o segundo com antimicrobiano e anti-inflamatório. Os animais foram submetidos à inoculação intratraqueal de M. haemolytica e tiveram suas amostras de lavado broncoalveolar e de sangue colhidas em quatro momentos, onde foram realizados exame clínico, coleta de sangue e lavado broncoalveolar para realização de hemograma, determinação das proteínas de fase aguda, análise de cortisol e cortisona. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando programa SAS 9.3 para Windows. Os dados foram testados quanto à normalidade pelo teste de Shapiko Wilk, considerando significância de 5%. Foi efetuada a análise de variância simples com comparação entre médias por meio do teste de LSD, sendo considerado significante p&lt;0.05. O resultados mostraram que a MPB é uma doença de grande importância no cenário mundial; não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os marcadores precoces entre os grupos com ou sem anti-inflamatório, porém o uso concomitante com o antimicrobiano promoveu incremento do bem estar. / The bovine pneumonic mannheimiosis (MPB) generates significant lesivity when it predominates in the Complex Bovine Respiratory Disease. Thus being important the study of the previous diagnosis for better understanding and treatment of the disease. As plasma and serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (PFA) have been adopted in veterinary medicine as early markers of inflammatory diseases and sometimes related to animal welfare. The aim of the study was review the inflammatory panel of MPB; to investigate a contribution that the use of flunixin meglumina without treatment of bovines manifesting MPB; and to investigate inflammatory markers for the previous diagnosis of the disease and treatment evolution, using references of animal welfare. Twelve six-month-old, healthy and divided into two experimental groups, the first treated with antimicrobial and the second with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory were used in this study. The animals were submitted to intratracheal inoculation of M. haemolytica and had their bronchoalveolar lavage and blood samples collected at four moments, where clinical examination, blood collection and bronchoalveolar lavage were carried out to perform hemogram, determination of the acute phase proteins, analysis of cortisol and cortisone. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.3 software for Windows. The data were tested for normality by the Shapiko Wilk test, considering a significance of 5%. The analysis of simple variance was performed with a comparison of means by means of the LSD test, being considered significant p &lt;0.05. The results showed that MPB is a disease of great importance in the world scenario; no statistical differences were found between the early markers between the groups with or without anti-inflammatory, but the concomitant use with the antimicrobial promoted an increase in animal welfare.

A associação entre doenças periodontais e desfechos adversos durante a gestação tem ganho grande atenção nos últimos anos. Apesar da maior parte dos estudos mostrar uma relação entre doença periodontal e parto prematuro, estudos que avaliam o impacto do tratamento periodontal nem sempre tem encontrado reduções nas taxas de prematuridade. A explicação para este fato pode estar no impacto do tratamento periodontal sobre mediadores inflamatórios relacionados aos mecanismos dos desfechos adversos durante a gestação. Por este motivo, o estudo de marcadores inflamatórios, como a proteína C-reativa, é de suma importância para a melhor compreensão do impacto inflamatório sistêmico do tratamento periodontal em gestantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os níveis sistêmicos de PCR em gestantes que receberam ou não tratamento periodontal. Esta dissertação consiste na avaliação dos níveis de PCR de 89 gestantes que receberam tratamento periodontal durante (grupo teste, n=44) ou após a gestação (grupo controle, n=45). Foram realizados dois exames periodontais completos, o primeiro em um momento anterior à 20° semana de gestação e o segundo entre a 26a e a 28a semanas de gestação. As pacientes do grupo teste receberam tratamento periodontal que incluiu raspagem e alisamento supra e subgengivais e instrução para higiene bucal. Consultas de controle para deplacagem profissional e instrução de higiene bucal foram realizadas após o tratamento até o exame final, de acordo com necessidades individuais. Os níveis de PCR foram avaliados através de imunoturbidimetria. Nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significante foi encontrada entre os grupos nos níveis de PCR nos exames inicial e final (p=0.06 e p=0.19, respectivamente). A redução média encontrada nos níveis de PCR foi de 1.93mg/L (±9.69) e 0.44mg/L (±5.44) nos grupos teste e controle, respectivamente. Essas diferenças não foram estatisticamente significativas (p=0.38). O tratamento periodontal durante a gestação reduziu significativamente os parâmetros clínicos periodontais. Esta melhora clínica não apresentou um impacto significativo sobre os níveis sistêmicos de PCR. / The association between periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes has been subject of great attention in recent years. Although most studies have shown an association between periodontal diseases and premature birth, studies assessing the impact of periodontal treatment have not found a reduction in these figures. The explanation for this may lie on the impact of periodontal treatment on inflammatory mediators associated with the mechanisms of adverse pregnancy outcomes. For this reason, the study of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein is of paramount importance for better comprehension of the impact of systemic inflammatory periodontal treatment in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to compare the systemic levels of CRP in pregnant women who received or not periodontal treatment. This paper was based in the assessment of CRP levels of 89 pregnant women who received periodontal treatment during (test group, n = 44) or after pregnancy (control group, n = 45). Two periodontal examinations were performed, before of 20 weeks of gestation and the second between the 26th and 28th weeks of gestation. Patients in the test group received treatment that included periodontal scaling and root planing and hygiene instructions. Professional cleaning and oral hygiene instruction were performed after treatment until the final exam, according to individual needs. CRP levels were evaluated by immunoturbidimetry. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups for the levels of CRP in the initial and final examinations (p=0.06 and p=0.19, respectively). The average reduction found in CRP was 1.93mg / L (± 9.69) and 0.44mg / L (± 5.44) in test and control groups, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.38). The periodontal treatment during pregnancy significantly reduced the clinical periodontal parameters, but this clinical improvement did not result in a significant reduction on the systemic levels of CRP.