Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Pain is a complex, multifactorial and protective process essential to the preservation of the integrity of the organisms, but when it becomes persistent its presence is devastating, which considerably reduces the well-being and requires immediate interventions. However, even the drug available therapy exerts relative efficacy, there are some limitations about its use. Taking it into account and the potential pharmacological effects already been described to synthetic organoselenium compounds, the aims of this study were to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of a selenosteroid devirated, p-chloro-selenosteroid (PCS), in acute animal models of nociception as well as to propose the mechanisms by which PCS elicits antinociception and if treatment with PCS triggers any toxic effect. The results showed that the administration of PCS (10 mg/kg, intragastrically, i.g.) significantly reduced nociception behaviours in chemical nociception tests, writhing test induced by acetic acid, glutamate test and formalin test, and thermal nociception test, tail-immersion test. Pre-treatment with caffeine (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.], a non-selective antagonist at adenosinergic receptors), SCH58261 (3 mg/kg, i.p., a selective antagonist at A2A adenosinergic receptors), SCH23390 (0.05 mg/kg, i.p., a selective antagonist at D1 dopaminergic receptors) and sulpiride (5 mg/kg, i.p., a selective antagonist at D2 and e D3 dopaminergic receptors) caused a reduction in the antinociceptive action of PCS. By contrast, pretreatment with WAY100635 (0.7 mg/kg, i.p., a selective antagonist at 5-HT1 dopaminergic receptors), ketanserin (0.3 mg/kg, i.p., a selective antagonist at 5-HT2A/2C dopaminergic receptors), ondasentron (0.5 mg/kg, i.p., a selective antagonist at 5-HT3 dopaminergic receptors), L-arginine (600 mg/kg, i.p.) and naloxone (1 mg/kg, subcutaneous [s.c.], a non-selective antagonist at opiod receptors) did not abolish the antinociceptive effect caused by PCS administration. Besides, PCS administration did not caused any alteration neither in plasma aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities (AST and ALT, respectively), nor in plasma levels of urea, cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as in locomotor and exploratory activities in the animals. In conclusion, the results showed that PCS had antinociceptive action in different models of pain without causing acute toxic effects in mice. The contribution of adenosinergic and dopaminergic systems was demonstrated in PCS action. / A dor é uma sensação complexa, multifatorial e de caráter protetor, mas quando prolongada traz desconforto e reduz consideravelmente a qualidade de vida, requerendo controle imediato. O tratamento farmacológico disponível para essas condições apesar de eficiente é, muitas vezes, também limitado e insuficiente. Tendo isso em vista e considerando o potencial farmacológico já reportado de compostos orgânicos sintéticos de selênio, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito antinociceptivo do p-cloro-selenoesterol (PCS), um um derivado de selenoesterol, em modelos de nocicepção aguda em camundongos, assim como propor mecanismos de ação para este efeito e concomitante a avaliação de possíveis efeitos tóxicos decorrentes de sua administração. Os resultados demonstraram que o tratamento com PCS (10 mg/kg, pela via intragástrica [i.g.]) reduziu significativamente o comportamento nociceptivo tanto nos modelos de nocicepção química, teste das contorções induzidas pelo ácido acético, teste do glutamato e teste da formalina, como no de nocicepção térmica, imersão da cauda. O pré-tratamento dos animais com cafeína (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.], antagonista não seletivo dos receptores adenosinérgicos), SCH58261 (3 mg/kg, i.p., antagonista seletivo de receptores adenosinérgicos A2A), SCH23390 (0,05 mg/kg, i.p., antagonista seletivo de receptores dopaminérgicos do subtipo D1) e sulpirida (5 mg/kg, i.p., antagonista seletivo de receptores dopaminérgicos do subtipo D2 e D3), reduziu a ação antinociceptiva do PCS. O pré-tratamento com os antagonistas do sistema serotoninérgico (WAY100625, 0,7 mg/kg, i.p., antagonista seletivo de receptores do subtipo 5-HT1, Ketanserina, 0,3 mg/kg, i.p., antagonista seletivo de receptores do subtipo 5-HT2A/2C, e Ondasentrona, 0,5 mg/kg, i.p., antagonista seletivo de receptores do subtipo 5-HT3) e opioide (naloxona, 1 mg/kg, subcutâneo, antagonista não-seletivo de receptores opioides) e a via do óxido nítrico (ʟ-Arginina, 600 mg/kg, i.p., substrato da enzima óxido nítrico sintase) não alteraram o efeito antinociceptivo exercido pela administração do PCS. Além disso, o tratamento com o PCS (10 mg/kg, i.g.) não causou alteração na atividade das enzimas aspartato e alanina aminotransferase (AST e ALT, respectivamente), nem nos níveis plasmáticos de ureia, colesterol e triglicerídeos, e na atividade locomotora e exploratória dos animais. Dessa forma, os resultados obtidos demonstram que a administração do PCS apresentou efeito antinociceptivo em distintos modelos animais de dor aguda, com possível participação dos sistemas adenosinérgico e dopaminérgico nesta ação, sem desencadear efeitos tóxicos.

L'adénosine est un nucléotide purinergique ubiquitaire qui exerce plusieurs fonctions dans l'organisme, notamment au sein du tissu cardiovasculaire, via ses 4 récepteurs RCPGs: A1, A2a, A2B, A3. Le système adénosinergique est donc particulièrement impliqué dans la pathologie cardiovasculaire et en particulier dans la maladie coronarienne et dans la fibrillation auriculaire.Dans la maladie coronarienne, le rôle du récepteur A2a est crucial puisqu'il participe au contrôle du flux coronaire. Nous avons comparé le niveau d’expression de ce récepteur dans les cellules mononuclées circulantes et dans des fragments d’artères coronaires prélevés chez des patients atteints de coronaropathie. L’expression du récepteur A2a dans les PBMCs est corrélée à celle mesurée dans les artères coronaires. Ces résultats indiquent que le récepteur A2a exprimé par les PBMCs a un comportement similaire à celui de son homologue in situ.L’adénosine affecte également le rythme cardiaque. Nous avons donc étudié son implication, via les récepteurs A1 et A2a, dans la fibrillation auriculaire. Nous avons observé une élévation très importante de l’adénosine dans la cavité auriculaire au cours de l’épisode de fibrillation auriculaire, et cette augmentation de l’adénosinémie pourrait participer à la permanence de la fibrillation.Dans une troisième partie nous avons évalué la corrélation entre les valeurs de l’ionogramme sanguin et celles de l’ionogramme sudoral et nous avons observé une corrélation entre la kaliémie et le potassium sudoral. Cela pourrait permettre de surveiller de manière continue etnon invasive les dyskaliémies, actrices des troubles du rythme. / The adenosine is an ubiquitous purinergic nucleotide which performs several functions in the body, in particular within the cardiovascular system, via his 4 receptors GPCRs: A1, A2a, A2B, A3. Thus the adenosinergic system is particularly involved in the cardiovascular pathology and in particular in the coronary disease and in the atrial fibrillation.In the coronary disease, the role of the A2a receptor is crucial because it participates in the control of the coronary flow. We compared the level of expression of this receptor in PBçCs and in fragments of coronary arteries taken from patients with coronaropathie. The expression of the A2a receptor in the PBMCs is correlated with that measured in the coronary arteries. These results indicate that the A2a receptor expressed by the PBMCs has a behavior similar to that of his in situ counterpart.The adenosine also modulates the heart rhythm. We thus studied her implication, via the A1 and A2a receptor, in the atrial fibrillation. We observed a very important rise of the adenosine in the left atrium during the episode of fibrillation, and we suggest that this increase in peripheral adenosine concentration could participate in the durability of the fibrillation.In the third part we estimated the correlation between the values of the blood ionogramme and those of the sweat ionogramme and we observed a correlation between the bllod concentration of potassium and the sweatpotassium. It could allow monitoring in a continuous and non-invasive way changes in blood potassium concentration which has a major role in cardiac rhytm diseases.