Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree M-Tech: Information Technology, Durban University of Technology, 2014. / This dissertation reports on an empirical evaluation of citizen satisfaction with e-government information services provided by Southern African Development Community (SADC) governments, since citizens perceive service quality as an effective indicator of e-government shortfalls. Few studies have been conducted in SADC countries to empirically evaluate the satisfaction of regarding e-government services. An e-government satisfaction model was applied, which is a non-linear framework with interactive quality proxies. A total of 364 respondents was used for data collection. An analytic modelling technique of Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used to predict the factors that most influence citizen satisfaction with e-government information services provided by SADC governments. The resulting model fits the data with a high goodness of fit (GoF) of 0.62 and a model predictive power (R2) of 0.60 for the global model. In addition, the results of this study show that perceived quality is the most influential factor affecting citizen satisfaction with e-government information services, followed by citizen complaint handling and then citizen expectation. Finally, this study used PLS to rank the SADC countries involved in this study in terms of which country is offering the best level of e-government information services and customer satisfaction. The results indicate that South Africa was ranked highest and Tanzania lowest.

Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / The Republic of South Africa has drawn increasing attention from the international community for its new approaches towards solving a variety of problems and thus enhancing good governance in Africa in general. Such problems include, but are not limited to, poverty and systemic corruption. The constitutional and legislative frameworks that underpin governance in municipalities are identified and explained. These constitutional and legislative frameworks include the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (RSA, Act 108 of 1996) and the Local Government: Municipal Finance Management Act, 2003 (RSA, Act 56 of 2003). The manifestations and consequent dangers of poor governance as well as strategies to instil good governance in municipal functionaries are also identified. The manifestations of poor governance include poor financial management, ill-advised appointments and misguided patriotism in service delivery. The consequences of poor governance in local government include high incidents of violence, decline in municipal service payments and the consequent deterioration in service delivery. It is herein argued that municipal functionaries must be able to identify the manifestations of bad governance for them to serve as effective whistle-blowers. The role of the national integrity system as a strategy for combating the manifestations of bad governance is also identified. The national integrity system refers to the holistic approach (or various strategies) for instilling good governance amongst municipal functionaries. These include an anti-corruption strategy for local government (also known as “a local government integrity system”), constitutional strategies and exemplifying ethical behaviour by municipal functionaries. Constitutional strategies include the Auditor-General and the Public Protector. It is argued that preventing unethical conduct such as corruption assists in raising municipal revenues and thus towards improved service delivery. The study concludes by asserting that big, corrupt actors must be named and punished to convince an already cynical citizenry that the avowed anti-corruption drive is more than just lip service. It is, accordingly, important that one of the “first big fish” should preferably come from the governing party to ensure that the party is not accused of protecting its members against charges of corruption.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The practice of public-sector strategic planning has gained dominance in public sector management in imitation of the concept of strategy in military science and later of the practice of strategic planning in the private sector. Its institutionalisation in the public sector should be welcomed as a positive development. The policy and regulatory framework instils a culture of cooperative governance through the promotion of effective intra- and inter-governmental relations that assume a developmental approach to planning. It is this culture that sets parameters within which the practice of strategic planning should be managed in the public sector. Strategy alignment is critical in achieving cooperative governance in strategic planning, as is shown in this study. The study sought to establish the extent to which the existing strategic planning guidelines could be manipulated to achieve alignment between the provincial and local spheres of government. A qualitative study was performed. It relied on both a non-empirical literature review and an empirical investigation to generate its data. Interviews were conducted with representatives of a sample of four Provincial Departments and seven different Municipalities drawn from the three categories of Local Government, namely metropolitan, local and district Municipalities. The Eastern Cape Provincial Government structure with its composite Municipalities constituted the case selected for this study. The study revealed that strategic planning in the province assumes different formats ranging from basic and medium-term to comprehensive and long-term, as well as sector- and project-specific strategic planning processes. The public sector strategic processes are politically influenced, taking their tone from political directives, but driven mainly by administrators. Whereas the active participation of politicians in shaping integrated development plans (IDPs) as the principal strategic plans for Municipalities is acknowledged, the concern that politicians at a provincial level are playing a limited role in shaping Provincial Departments’ strategic plans remains relevant. It is vital that the political governance centre in the province; namely the premier’s office, should take charge of coordinating strategic planning and should be responsible for the alignment efforts of the government structures in the province. Strategic planning plays a significant role in defining the organisational growth path of every public-sector organisation, as well as the management of public resources, financial and non-financial. This study advocates for learning as a central organisational value and recommends that the existing strategic-planning guidelines be improved to embody a cooperative governance approach. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die toonaangewende posisie wat strategiese beplanningspraktyk in die openbare sektor, binne die kader van bestuur in die openbare sektor, verwerf het, het beslag gekry weens die nabootsing van strategiese beplanningskonsepte eie aan die militêre wetenskapsmilieu. Dit is later versterk deur navolging van strategiese beplanningsmodelle uit die privaatsektor. Die institusionalisering van strategiese beplanning in die openbare sektor moet as ’n positiewe ontwikkeling verwelkom word. Beleidstelling en ’n reguleringsraamwerk vestig ’n sterk korporatiewe verantwoordelikheidsin. Dit word bewerkstellig deur die bevordering van effektiewe intra- en interregeringsvehoudinge, wat ’n ontwikkelingsbenadering tot beplanning veronderstel. Hierdie kultuur omskryf die raamwerk vir die toepassing van strategiese beplanning in die openbare sektor. Soos hierdie ondersoek aandui, is ’n voorvereiste vir deelnemende bestuur, wanneer daar strategies beplan word, koördinering van strategie. Die ondersoek het ten doel gehad om te bepaal tot watter mate bestaande strategiese beplanningsriglyne aangepas kon word om gerigdheid tussen provinsiale en plaaslike regeringsfere te bewerkstellig. ’n Kwalitatiewe ondersoek is gedoen, gebaseer op navorsingsdata verkry uit sowel ’n nie-empiriese literatuurstudie as ’n empiriese ondersoek. Onderhoude is gevoer met verteenwoordigers van ’n monster werknemers, saamgestel vanuit vier provinsiale departemente en sewe verskillende munisipaliteite. Die volle spektrum van plaaslike regeringsinstellings is gedek, naamlik metropolitaanse, plaaslike en distriksmunisipaliteite. Die provinsiale regeringstruktuur van die Oos-Kaap en sy saamgestelde munisipaliteitstrukture vorm die basis vir hierdie gevallestudie. Die ondersoek het aangedui dat strategiese beplanning in hierdie provinsie verskeie vorme aanneem; dit wissel in formaat van basies en mediumtermyn tot omvattend en langtermyn, asook sektorale en projekspesifieke strategiese beplanningsprosesse. Die strategiese proses van die openbare sektor word polities beïnvloed deur die politieke ondertoon teenwoordig in direktiewe, maar dit is hoofsaaklik administrateurs wat die agenda bepaal. Alhoewel die aktiewe betrokkenheid van politici in die daarstelling van geïntegreede ontwikkelingsplanne (GOP’s), die hoof strategiese planne vir munisipaliteite, erken word, is daar steeds rede tot kommer dat politici op provinsiale vlak slegs ’n beperkte rol vervul as dit kom by die skep van die provinsiale departemente se strategiese planne. Dit is van kritieke belang dat die kern van politieke bestuur, naamlik die kantoor van die premier, in beheer van die koördinering van strategiese beplanning moet wees en verantwoordelikheid sal aanvaar vir die koördineringspogings van regeringstrukture in die provinsie. Strategiese beplanning speel ’n betekenisvolle rol wanneer die organisatoriese ontwikkelingspad vir elke openbare sektor instelling uitgestippel word, asook by die bestuur van openbare bronne; sowel finansieel as nie-finansieel. Hierdie ondersoek maak voorspraak vir die beklemtoning van kennisontwikkeling as ’n sentrale organisatoriese noodsaak en beveel aan dat bestaande strategiese beplanningsriglyne sodanig aangepas word dat dit ’n koöperatiewe bestuursplan vir beter deelnemende bestuur beliggaam.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Budgets are inevitable strategic tools used in the planning of the effective delivery by any organisation. In a sense budgets become the financial interpretation of work, services or products to be produced or services to be delivered by the organisation. In the same vein, government departments have plans and programmes to be implemented, and these programmes are quantified in the form of budgets. The budgeting processes are determined by the strategic imperatives and the type of leadership in an organisation, thereby differing from organisation to organisation. The traditional approach in government budgeting is that the activities to be undertaken start as political decisions which will be cascaded down to the different departments. Though the different department units construct their own budgets, the ultimate budget comes top down more than it comes top up. This research aims to identify the extent of the involvement of budget managers in the budget development process and the possible limiting factors if any. The study goes further to try to understand why there is always a seeming perpetual difference between budgets and deliveries at the end of every year. This empirical research focussed on the ‘budget practitioners’ in the particular department under study with emphasis on how they operate. Questionnaires were used to collect data which was analysed using Excel Spreadsheet and the findings were interpreted. The findings imply a need for extensive training as well as empowerment of the budget practitioners to be able to create congruence between budgets, budgeting processes, project implementation and envisage delivery to the citizens.

The aim of this research is to evaluate the process and impact of outsourcing information technology (IT) services of Eastern Cape Treasury Department (ECTD) to State Information Technology Agency (SITA). This research study has been prompted by the fact that the South African Government through the National Department of Public Service and Administration has established SITA with a sole purpose of improving service delivery by all national, provincial and local government departments. The researcher’s concern is whether the relationship between SITA and these departments is working or not. The research paradigm adopted is a constructivist approach and the ontological position adopted assumed multiple realities. The research method used in this study is the evaluation research method. Key to the research procedure was the fact that four senior officials were interviewed using audio recording, where in two were each chosen from SITA and ECTD. The researcher used document analysis and interviews as a means of collecting data. Separate open-ended questions for SITA and ECTD were structured in such a way that it would be easy to extract themes describing the details of a particular question. The researcher made use of thematic analysis. The theory drive-code development process was key in the research analysis. ECTD outsourced to SITA the following IT services, namely, provision or maintenance of a private telecommunication network (PTN) or a value-added network (VAN); transversal information systems and its data-processing or associated services; training in IT/IS; application software development; maintenance services for IT software or infrastructure; data-processing or associated services for specific IT applications or systems such as website development; and IT support. The interviewed officials from ECTD contend that they used the SCM Guide and SITA ACT when pursuing IT outsourcing for projects such as those listed above. One of the key projects outsourced to SITA is the IFMS, which is a project programme of the National Treasury Department working closely with provinces (e.g. ECTD), National Department of Public Service and Administration (NDPSA) and SITA. The IFMS project has been implemented following the SCM guidelines. The key SCM Guide components are demand, acquisition, logistics, and disposal management. The engagement model used by SITA to guide them on the process of engaging in an IT outsourcing relationship has, according to the officials interviewed, been a success. SITA uses a standard contract wherein other specific contracts receive minor adjustments. The impact of IT outsourcing has shown increases in customer satisfaction improvement, transformation of government procurement and provisioning practices, appointment of Consultants, interpretation of the Preferential Procurement Policy, promotion of the consistent application of Best Practices, information systems security environment, and improving service delivery.

Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The Staff Performance Management System (SPMS) was introduced and implemented in the public service at the start of the 2003/2004 financial year. Apart from being called to align with the Constitution and other relevant acts, it signalled a change in approach and philosophy to measure performance. One of the aims of this new system was to assist in communicating and reinforcing the organisation strategies, values and norms and to integrate individual and corporate objectives. It also aims to ensure that employees are evaluated in terms of a system that is fair, objective, transparent and which provides equitable rewards and recognition. Prior to the implementation of the system it was envisaged that the SPMS should be a system that is characterised by the following: • Managers/supervisors provide leadership and integrate performance with other aspects of their work by accepting primary responsibility to manage the people entrusted to them. • Employees understand that their performance directly contribute to the ongoing success or the organisation. • Individual employees have a full understanding of their work responsibilities and the standards of work expected of them. • Individual employees receive regular and structured feedback on their performance. • Valued performance is recognised and rewarded. However, when the system was implemented no norms and standards were developed against which performance of staff at the Gene Louw Traffic College could be managed. The focal point of this study was to collect data on the current practices of the SPMS as implemented at the Gene Louw Traffic College in order to analyse the data and to identify possible challenges. The key question that stimulated this study is – How can the SPMS be improved to prevent low morale? Recommendations are made regarding the proper implementation of the system, development of norms and standards, SPMS training and incentives in order to alleviate low morale and inefficient performance.

Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) has employeds about 18 000 officials in both the water and forestry domains. Employees in the same Forestry and Water sections perform differently. For example, some of these employees in the same sections complain that they have no work to do, while others in the same section complain that they have too much work. It is not clear how performance bonuses are allocated in the same Forestry and Water sections. The situation is affecting staff morale and eventually service delivery provided by DWAF. DWAF has a performance management system that is currently being implemented throughout the whole Department. As indicated, this system is not effective and it is not applied consistently with regard to all staff members in the same sections and also in different sections of the dDepartment. The study seeks to analyse the causes and circumstances why some that other employees have little work to do, while others have too much work to do. In short, it seeks to analyse as to why the current system is ineffective and inconsistently applied. The main methodology that informs this study is document and data analysis and thereafter, follow interviews with DWAF officials from different sections of DWAF. The recommendations based on conclusions and findings of this study are that it is important to align individual and organisational goals, that rewards and corrective measures should be part of the performance management system and that capacity building, training and support interventions are essential to ensure an effective and consistent performance management system.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This is a report on the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in the City of Cape Town. Based on the experiences and perceptions of a sample of middle managers. the report highlights the various issues which impact on the BSC at local government level. The report focuses on the implementation of the BSC in one Directorate. namely the Community Services Directorate. Appropriate reccmmendations are made based on the findings of the research. The literature review places the BSC in the ccntext of the infonmation age. where companies were seeking a more holistic tool to plan, monitor and measure how strategy is implemented. The theoretical basis of the BSC is outlined. This contains a brief overview of how the public sector internationally adopted the BSC. The report proceeds by addressing the legislative framework within which municipalities operate in South Africa with regard to Performance Management. It is within this context that the City Of Cape Town adopted the BSC. The implementation of the BSC for the City of Cape Town is placed within the context of its Organisational Performance Management System. This literature review concludes by highlighting the challenges and critical success factors with the implementation of the BSC. The methodology used in the research was content analysis. The experience and perception of the research population. in relation to the implementation of the BSC in the City of Cape Town. was analysed. Data was collected through open ended, semi-structured interviews. The issues highlighted in the literature review were used as the basis for the interviews. Inferences were drawn from responses solicited in the interviews. The report found that there is a correlation between the issues highlighted in the literature and what emerged in the course of the research. The issues that impact on the implementation of the BSC revolve around process. structure and people. Accordingly the researcher makes appropriate recommendations to address these issues in the City of Cape Town. Finally, areas for future research are identified. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verslag handel oor die implementering van die Gebalanseerde Prestasie Skedule (GPS) vir die Stad Kaapstad. Die verslag beklemtoon verskeie aspekte wat 'n impak het op die GPS by plaaslike owerhede en is baseer op 'n steekproef oor die ondervindinge en persepsies van 'n bepaalde middelvlakbestuursgroep. Hierdie verslag fokus op die implementering van die GPS in een van die Direktorate, naamlik die Direktoraat: Gemeenskapsdienste. Toepaslike aanbevelings word gemaak opgrond van die navorsingsbevindinge. Die literatuur oorsig plaas die GPS in die konteks van die inligtingsera, waar maatskappye opsoek is na 'n holistiese benadering vir beplanning, monitering en om implementeringstrategiee te meet. Die teoretiese basis van die GPS word ook uiteengesit. Dit bevat 'n kort oorsig oor hoe die openbare sektor die GPS internationaal aanvaar het. Voorts handel die verslag oor die wetgewende raamwerk waarbinne munisipaliteite in Suid-Afrika moet beweeg rakende Prestasiebestuur. Dit is binne hierdie konteks wat die Stad Kaapstad die GPS aanvaar het. Die implementering van die GPS vir die Stad Kaapstad vind plaas binne die konteks van sy Organisatoriese Prestasiebestuurstelsel. Die literatuur oorsig eindig deur die uitdagings en kritiese sukses faktore met die implementering van die GPS te beklemtoon. Die metodologie wat tydens die navorsing gebruik was, is die inhoud-ontleding. Die ondervindinge en persepsies van die navorsings steekproefgroep, in venhouding tot die implementering van die GPS by die Stad Kaapstad, was ontleed. Inligting is bekom deur middel van oop vrae tydens semigestruktureerde onderhoude. Aspekte wat tydens die literatuur oorsig beklemtoon was, is gebruik as basis vir onderhoudvoering. Gevolgtrekkings is gemaak van respondente se kommentaar en antwoorde tydens onderhoudvoering. Die verslag dui aan dat daar 'n korrelasie bestaan tussen die aspekte wat beklemtoon word in die literatuur en wat tydens die navorsing aan die lig gebring is. Aspekte wat 'n impak het op die implementering van die GPS is prosesse, strukture en mense. Gevolglik maak die navorser toepaslike aanbevelings om hierdie aspekte binne die Stad Kaapstad aan te spreek. Laastens word sekere areas geidentifiseer vir toekomstige navorsing.

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa's system of socio-economic development planning is complex and ine ective. There are many regulatory authorities involved, often with unclear responsibilities and inadequate procedures of implementing objectives. Planning for development in South Africa needs to take various factors into account. Economic growth is pursued, while social imbalances are addressed and the environment is protected against unreasonable damage. The term Sustainable Development is an important concept in the vision of many of the regulating authorities, however, the implementation of sustainability is di cult. This study considers an approach which aligns activities in a specifi ed region to the vision and objectives of the applicable regulatory authorities, as an alternative to achieving objectives strictly through enforcing regulations. This thesis developed an integrated evaluation model which can be used to evaluate the alignment of a small-scale farm to the visions and objectives of certain regulatory authorities. Four small-scale farms in the Letaba catchment of the Limpopo Province were used as a case study to be evaluated against national and regional development visions. On a national level the National Development Plan (NDP), the National Framework for Sustainable Development (NFSD), the Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Strategy (ISRDS) and the principles of Water Allocation Reform (WAR) were regarded. For regional categorisation, the relevant municipal Integrated Development Plan (IDP), Spatial Development Framework (SDF), Local Economic Development (LED) plan and the applicable Catchment Management Strategy (CMS) were considered. The Letaba catchment area has speci c development constraints regarding water. For this reason, the impact the four farms have on the water of the region was evaluated in addition to their alignment with regional development visions. The hydrological evaluations were performed through the use of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Hereby it was determined whether objectives of development planning were realistic in terms of water availability. It was established that the location of a farm is a determining factor of the impact it has on the catchment area's water supply. The developed Integrated Evaluation Model combined all the visions and objectives of the mentioned strategic documents to speci cally assess the contribution a small-scale farm makes. The evaluation results provide insight into the alignment of activities to the ideals of a region and can be useful when formulating actions to reach a common vision. Small-scale farms are well-aligned to the objectives of WAR, the CMS and ISRDS. The farms have a limited contribution to the ideals of the NDP and NFSD and results against the IDP, the SDF and the LED di er considerably for each farm. Furthermore, the results of the farms' alignment with regional objectives do not correspond to the hydrologically ideal locations. Therefore, the development of small-scale farming should take hydrological information into consideration. The Integrated Evaluation Model proves to be valuable, understandable and applicable to evaluate the alignment of small-scale farms to the visions of regulatory authorities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika se sisteem van beplanning vir sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling is ingewikkeld en one ektief. Daar is verskillende regulatoriese owerhede betrokke wat maklik aanleiding gee tot onsekerheid ten opsigte van verantwoordelikhede asook tot onvoldoende benaderings tot implementering. Om ontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika suksesvol te laat geskied, moet verskeie faktore inaggeneem word. Behalwe vir die strewe na ekonomiese groei, moet sosiale agterstande gelyktydig aangespreek word en moet hierdie ontwikkeling van so 'n aard wees dat die omgewing nie onnodige skade lei nie. Volhoubaarheid is 'n gemeenskaplike ideaal van die meeste partye betrokke by die beplanning van Suid-Afrika se ontwikkeling. Die implementering van hierdie oogmerk is egter onduidelik. Hierdie studie oorweeg 'n benadering wat alle handelinge in 'n bepaalde gebied in ooreenstemming bring met die visie en doelwitte van die toepaslike regulatoriese owerhede. Hierdie benadering word as 'n alternatief gestel teenoor 'n benadering om doelwitte slegs deur regulasies te bereik. Hierdie tesis het 'n Geïntegreerde Evalueringsmodel ontwikkel wat die mate waartoe 'n klein plaas 'n bydrae maak tot die visie en doelwitte van regulatoriese owerhede meet. Vier kleinskaalse boerderye in die Letaba Opvangsgebied in Limpopo was ondersoek as 'n gevallestudie. Hierdie plase is geëvalueer teen nasionale- en streeksontwikkelingsvisies. Op 'n nasionale vlak is die Nasionale Ontwikkelings Plan (NOP), die Nasionale Raamwerk vir Volhoubare Ontwikkeling (NRVO), die Geïntegreerde Volhoubare Landelike Ontwikkelings Strategie (GVLOS) en die waardes van die Water Toekenning Hervorming (WTH) beskou. Ten opsigte van streeksontwikkeling, is die betrokke munisipale Geïntegreerde Ontwikkelings Plan (GOP), die Ruimtelike Ontwikkelings Raamwerk (ROR), Plaaslike Ekonomiese Ontwikkeling (PEO) plan en die gepaste Opvangsgebied Bestuurs Plan (OBP) inaggeneem. Water is 'n beperkende faktor tot ontwikkeling in die Letaba opvangsgebied. Omrede, word die vier plase se impak op die watertoestand van die gebied bepaal, sowel as die bydrae tot die visie van die regulatoriese owerhede. 'n Opstelling van die studie-area is gemaak met die Soil and Water Assessment Tool ten einde hidrologiese a eidings te maak. Hierdeur is bepaal of die visies en doelwitte soos gestel deur die beplanningsdokumente vir ontwikkeling, realisties is ten opsigte van die waterbeskikbaarheid. Die studie het bevestig dat die ligging van 'n plaas 'n bepalende faktor is tot die plaas se uitwerking op die gebied se water. Die ontwikkelde Geïntegreerde Evalueringsmodel kombineer die visies en doelwitte van die bogenoemde strategiese dokumente om die bydrae van 'n klein plaas te meet. Die evalueringsresultate verskaf insigte rondom die ooreenstemming van plase teenoor die visie van 'n streek en kan nuttig gepas kom wanneer spesi eke aksies beplan word om 'n gemeenskaplike doelwit te bereik. Kleinskaalse boerdery is in lyn met die doelwitte soos bepaal deur die OBP, GVLOS en WTH. Die bydrae wat die plase ten opsigte van die NOP en NRVO se ideale maak is egter beperk. Verder verskil die resultate grootliks vir elke plaas ten opsigte van die bydrae gelewer tot die visies van die GOP, ROR en PEO. Gewensde resultate ten opsigte van bydrae tot ontwikkelingsvisies het nie ooreengestem met die liggings wat aanbeveel is deur die hidrologiese studie nie. Dus moet hidrologiese inligting inaggeneem word tydens besluitneming vir die ontwikkeling van kleinskaalse boerdery. Die Geïntegreerde Evalueringsmodel bied waarde, is toeganklik en is toepaslik om kleinskaalse boerdery te meet tenoor die visies van regulatoriese owerhede.

The South African Government in 2002 accepted the Public Service Anti-Corruption Strategy (PSACS) with the objective to reduce the manifestation of malfeasance in the public service. The PSACS identified various goals and objectives to be achieved at both the systemic and departmental levels. At the departmental level, the PSACS set out to increase the institutional capacity of departmental institutions, and encourage the management of risk and of discipline in the public service. Departments are required to establish the necessary capacity to formulate fraud prevention and anti-corruption policies, receive and manage allegations of corruption, and investigate allegations of corruption and detected risks at a preliminary level. To manage ethics departments should inter alia identify early signs of a lack of discipline, improve the accountability and capacity of managers to manage discipline, and encourage managers to act against transgressions. However, various authors have been critical of the formulation of policies and the establishment of structures as a policy response to public service corruption. In their view, such an approach often leads to a reduction in the efficiency and effectiveness of public programmes, and even creates opportunities for corruption. In response to such deficiencies, some argue that a compliance-based approach to public service malfeasance should be supplemented by a value-based approach with an emphasis on the development of internal selfcontrol of individuals, the promotion of trust among employees, and the promotion of a culture of responsibility. In this context, this researcher proposes that the promotion of an ethical culture could enhance the implementation of the PSACS. In this dissertation, this researcher set out to evaluate, among others, the ethical culture of the Department of Correctional Services (DCS). It was decided that a survey would be the most appropriate data collection method. A questionnaire was administered and the data was captured, analysed and interpreted. Various statistical tests were performed and the findings suggest inter alia that the promotion of an ethical culture coincides with lower levels of observed malfeasance. Consequently, when greater clarity of operational and ethics policies is obtained, an increase occurs in both the severity and frequency of penalties for malfeasance, and officials gain greater access to resources and time to execute their responsibilities, the level of observed malfeasance is likely to be reduced. The promotion of an ethical culture could significantly enhance the implementation of the PSACS. / Public Administration / D. Litt. et Phil. (Public Administration)