Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Liege Gomes.pdf: 795681 bytes, checksum: 84af86a4bd72e364a06e823eb8720b95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-14 / Tribunal de Justiça do Amapá / This Dissertation for Master Science has the purpose to make a diagnosis of environment questions within the ambit of the State of Amapá. We started the work by studying the importance of environment law as a fundamental law of third generation in view of constitutional instructions inserted in article 225. We identified some principles and the ways to make the causer of environment damages, responsible in civil, administrative and penal spheres. We studied the international perspective one has of Amazonia beyond the physical, geographical and administrative characteristics and the human contingent of the State of Amapá, as a component of this amazonic microcosm. We pointed out the considerable environment impacts which are being caused through offensive proceedings to the Amapá environment. We mentioned the administrative and judiciary measures adopted for the protection of the natural and urban environment of the State. Finally, all the study has a major purpose, which is to show the importance of the ecologically well balanced environment as an essential benefit for the healthy living standard of all, specially of this integrating part of Amazônia. And this will only be achieved effectively through the means, which are capable to restrain the illicit actions, that is, through the threefold liability and incentives to public politics, efficient in the combat of environment damages / A presente dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo tecer um diagnóstico das questões ambientais inseridas no âmbito do Estado do Amapá. Iniciamos o trabalho abordando a importância do direito ambiental como direito fundamental de terceira geração, em face do preceito constitucional inserto no art. 225. Identificamos alguns princípios e as formas de responsabilização do causador do dano ambiental, nas esferas civil, administrativa e penal. Abordamos a perspectiva internacional que se tem da Amazônia, além das características físicas, geográficas, administrativas e o contingente humano do Estado do Amapá, como parte integrante desse microcosmo amazônico. Pontuamos os consideráveis impactos ambientais que vem sendo ocasionados por condutas lesivas ao meio ambiente amapaense. Mencionamos as medidas administrativas e judiciais adotadas na defesa do meio ambiente natural e urbano do Estado. Em conclusão, todo o estudo tem um fim maior que é o de mostrar a importância do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, como bem essencial à sadia qualidade de vida de todos, especialmente dessa parte que integra a Amazônia. E que isso só se conseguirá efetivamente através dos meios capazes de coibir as condutas ilícitas, que é por meio da tríplice responsabilização e de incentivo as políticas públicas eficazes no combate aos danos ambientais

Le tiers étant communément défini comme la personne qui est étrangère à un groupe ou à une situation, l’on pourrait croire que le droit n’a aucune raison de s’y intéresser et qu’il ne lui consacre, dès lors, aucune place. L’étude relative au tiers en droit de la responsabilité administrative révèle pourtant le contraire. Cette thèse a ainsi pour objet de démontrer que, bien qu’il soit particulièrement difficile de l’identifier et, par là même, d’en donner une définition, le tiers y occupe une véritable place et y joue un rôle indéniable : celui-ci est susceptible d’exercer une influence sur la responsabilité encourue, devant le juge administratif, par l’administration (ou par toute personne qui est y assimilée). Une distinction doit, toutefois, être opérée selon la situation du tiers par rapport au dommage. Il existe en effet une pluralité de tiers qu’il convient de répartir en deux catégories : tiers victimes et tiers auteurs ou coauteurs. Des conséquences juridiques spécifiques s’attachent bien à l’identification du tiers victime. La reconnaissance d’une telle qualité étant notamment susceptible de conduire à l’application d’un régime juridique présentant des particularités par rapport à celui qui est habituellement appliqué aux autres catégories de victimes, se pose même la question de l’existence d’un droit de la responsabilité administrative du fait des dommages causés aux tiers. Le caractère relatif de la spécificité de cette matière, conjugué à l’absence d’unité de celle-ci, conduisent cependant à y apporter une réponse négative.Quant au tiers auteur ou coauteur, il peut également influer sur la responsabilité de l’administration. Le juge administratif est effectivement susceptible de prendre en considération l’intervention d’une tierce personne dans la production du dommage en cause et, par conséquent, de faire varier la part de responsabilité de la personne poursuivie. Il peut le faire de manière immédiate, c’est-à-dire dans les rapports entre celle-ci et la victime, lorsqu’il met notamment en œuvre la théorie du fait du tiers. Il peut encore le faire de manière différée, à savoir dans le cadre des rapports entre les coauteurs et/ou les coresponsables du dommage, lorsqu’il s’agit de répartir entre eux la charge finale de la dette de réparation. Dans un souci de protection de la victime et à l’instar du principe appliqué en droit civil, la prise en compte différée du rôle du tiers dans la réalisation du dommage doit cependant être préférée à sa prise en compte immédiate. / The third party is commonly defined as the person who is foreign to a group or a situation; therefore we might think that the law has no reason to be focused on it and that it then devotes no space to him. The study on the third party in law of administrative responsibility yet reveals the opposite. This thesis aims to demonstrate that, while it is particularly difficult to identify it and, thereby, to define it, the third party is real and play an undeniable role: it is likely to exert influence on incurred liability, before the administrative law judge, by the administration (or by any person who is y equated). However, a distinction must be made according to the situation of the third party in relation to the damage. There is indeed a plurality of third parties. They are nevertheless likely to be divided into two categories: third parties victims and third parties authors or co-authors. Specific legal consequences are actually attached to the identification of the third party victim. Recognition of such quality is particularly likely to lead to the application of a legal regime with features compared to the one which is usually applied to the other categories of victims. Therefore, the question of the existence of a law of administrative responsibility for the damages caused to third parties arises. The relative nature of this topic’s specificity, combined with the lack of unity; however lead to a negative answer.The third party author or co-author, may also affect the responsibility of the administration. The administrative judge is actually likely to take into account the intervention of a third party in the production of the damage and, consequently, to vary the share of responsibility of the person prosecuted. This can be done immediately, i.e. as part of the relationship between it and the victim, in particular when the administrative judge implements the third’s act theory. This can also be done later, i.e. as part of the relationship between the co-authors and/or the co-responsible for the damage, when it comes to apportion among themselves the final burden of debt relief. However, in the interest of the victim’s protection and as applied in civil law, to take account of the role of the third party in the realization of the damage in a deferred way must be preferred to its immediate consideration.