Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 13, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Demens är en psykiatrisk diagnos som ökar globalt. Forskningsläget visar en kunskapsbrist inom vårdvetenskapens caring och nursing utifrån ett humanvetenskapligt perspektiv om vuxna barns upplevelser i samband med att en förälder insjuknar i en demenssjukdom. Ur ett holistiskt perspektiv är demens även en anhörigsjukdom där hela familjen drabbas. I takt med att sjukdomen ökarblir allt fler vuxna barn involverade i sjukdomsprocessen. Syftet var att belysa vuxna barns upplevelser i samband med att en förälder lider av en demenssjukdom. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie inspirerad av en hermeneutiskt ansats.Till resultatet användes tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar som belyste vuxna barns upplevelser i samband med att en förälder lider av sjukdomen demens. De vetenskapliga artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades och fyra teman framkom under bearbetningen som var: upplevelser av skuld och skam, upplevelser av lojalitet, upplevelser av sorg och upplevelser avhumor. Utifrån resultatet framträdde en ny analysmodell där vuxna barns viljaatt ta på sig rollen som vårdgivarevar betydelsefull. Ur sjuksköterskans perspektiv är det betydelsefullt att beakta och ge stöd till hela familjen.För att uppmärksamma hela familjens vårdbehov krävs mer forskning om vuxna barns upplevelser eftersom tidigare forskning har fokuserats på make och makas erfarenheter. / Dementia is a psychiatric diagnosisthat increasesworldwide.The research displays a lack of knowledge in the healthcaresciences caring and nursing from a basis of a human science perspective of adult children’s experiences in the context of a parent suffering with dementia. From a holistic perspective, dementia is also afamily disease where the whole family is affectedand more adult children gets involved in the disease process. The purpose was to illuminate the adult children’s experiences in connection with a parent suffering with dementia. The study was conducted as a literature study inspired by a hermeneutic approach.Ten qualitative research articles that highlighted adult children’s experiences related to having a parent suffering with dementia was applied to the result. The research articles were reviewed and four themes emerged during the process and were: experiences of guilt and shame, experiences of loyalty, experiences of grief and experiences ofhumor. An analysis model emerged based on the result which illustrated the desire for caring that the adult children’s felt. From the nurses’ perspective, it is important to consider and provide support to the entire family. To pay attention to the whole family requires more research on adult children’s experiences because previous research has focused on spouses experiences.

This research examines the financial assistance given by parents to their adult children and the extent to which it is influenced by social policy. In recent years these intergenerational financial transfers have been the subject of much research and a great deal has been learnt about when and why parents make the decision to provide financial assistance (Cox, 1987; Kohli, 1999; Albertini & Kohli, 2012). Furthermore, there has been considerable research on apparent differences in such financial assistance across countries and the extent to which this is attributable to differences in the social policies of these countries (Albertini, Kohli, & Vogel, 2007; Schenk, Dykstra, & Maas, 2010; Brandt & Deindl, 2013). The aim of this research is to further this understanding by considering transfers from different perspectives, first by considering the receipt of transfers rather than the giving of transfers and then by exploring the transfer decision in the context of multi-child families. Through these approaches and by using new data sources and analytical methods, the research estimates the association between social policy and intergenerational financial transfers. Furthermore, it was the specific aim of this research to consider whether such an association would explain cross-national variation in transfer behaviour and the importance of social policies relative to other determinants of transfer behaviour. To achieve these aims a variety of quantitative methods were used to model the giving and receiving of transfers using data from the Survey for Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and the European Union’s Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). The analysis of this latter dataset represents an important contribution in itself as it allows for the exploration of the receipt of transfers in a comparative perspective for the first time. To incorporate the complex and rich nature of these two datasets, multilevel models are used to model households over time and children within families. The results of these analyses suggest that there is a small association between certain policies and parents providing financial assistance to their adult children. Those in receipt of larger public pensions are marginally more likely to provide financial assistance to their adult children than those with smaller public pensions. As for adult children themselves, those receiving financial assistance from the state in the form of child benefit, housing benefits, social exclusion benefits and educational benefits are fractionally more likely to receive from their parents as well. The estimated coefficients and maximum effect size of such social policies are very small compared to time invariant factors which include the parent’s financial resources and the number of siblings the child has. In addition, the cross-national variation in transfer behaviour identified within the analyses is considerably smaller than in previous research. The research concludes that social policies are of less importance with regards to transfer behaviour than previous research has suggested. Whilst the research identifies a clear association between social policies and transfer behaviour, it is relatively weak compared to other factors. However the research stops short of concluding that social policies do not matter, instead suggesting that future research should critically assess the importance of intergenerational transfers in determining the adult child’s outcomes.

South African society is exposed to the reality of violence and crime, and at the same time HIV / AIDS is claiming the lives of many parents. Consequently schools throughout the country have an increasing number of bereaved adolescents among their learners. The effects of parental death during the adolescent years make severe inroads into the cognitive, psychosocial and moral development of adolescents. These detrimental effects of parental death motivated the researcher to investigate the effects of teacher- facilitated group work on bereaved adolescents. A mixed (qualitative and quantitative) research method was used to investigate the said effects. Accordingly a questionnaire was designed using the Likert rating scale. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used as quantitative data collection tools for this study. The data from the BDI and BAI were tabulated. Structured interviews, games, personal documents and focus group interviews were used as qualitative data collection tools. The data were analysed and reduced and prominent themes emerging from data sources were identified and discussed. While bereavement is a very traumatic event for the adolescent, the study findings illustrate that teacher-facilitated group work provides members with various benefits which help them learn more about themselves and improve their interpersonal relationships, thus providing a supportive climate in which they could deal collaboratively with their bereavement. The findings also point out that group work provides the bereaved adolescents with a place where they are understood, where they can talk about their thoughts and feelings without being judged. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / The aim of the research study was to examine the marital attitudes of students from divorced, intact and single parent families. Most of these students were in the intimacy versus isolation developmental phase. During this phase young adults seek to form an intimate relationship with another person, but may fear intimacy or may not want to give up their independence and may experience loneliness and isolation instead. It was thus important to conduct the study since some of the students were at a developmental stage in which they might have been dealing with intimate relationship issues. Given the focus of international studies on the marital attitudes of students from intact and divorced families, it was considered important to include, in the comparison, students from single parent families. A survey research design was used as a broad methodological framework and Bowen's family systems theory was used as a theoretical framework. A convenient sampling method was used to select a sample of 209 participants from the Community and Health Science Faculty. A Marital Attitude Scale and a questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by means of basic descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test, T-Test and Mann Whitney U-Test. Results showed that students’ parental marital status (married, divorced, single) had no influence on their attitudes towards marriage. Generally, the students showed positive attitudes towardsmarriage. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference among different racial groups. The results suggest that except for race, there was no statistically significant difference on the marital attitudes when compared on such variables as gender, religion and age. Although the marital attitudes of participants were generally positive among the different racial groups, participants from the Black community had less positive marital attitudes when compared with their Coloured, Indian and White counterparts. Participants from the Coloured community also had less positive marital attitudes when compared to their counterparts from the Indian and White communities. The results of this study show that participants had relative positive attitudes towards marriage and that these attitudes did not differ according to parental status. / South Africa

The main purpose of this study was to examine the Asian perspective in regard to the intergenerational solidarity framework developed by Bengtson and his colleagues. Focusing on normative solidarity and functional solidarity within Asian families, adult children's provision of assistance to elderly relatives was investigated in relation to norms of filial responsibility. A subsample of 109 employed Asian immigrants in Canada was selected from a national survey of Work and Family conducted by CARNET (The Canadian Aging Research Network). The study tested three hypotheses: 1) stronger norms of filial responsibility (normative solidarity) are positively associated with higher levels and more hours of assistance provided to elderly relatives (functional solidarity); 2) older age at immigration and/or shorter length of residence (immigrant status) are positively associated with higher levels and more hours of assistance provided to elderly relatives (functional solidarity); and 3) there is an interaction effect of norms of filial responsibility and immigrant status on levels and hours of assistance provided to elderly relatives. The results showed that there was no relationship between norms of filial responsibility and the provision of assistance to elderly relatives; nor was there a relationship between immigrant status and the provision of assistance to elderly relatives. Coresidence with the elderly relative, as an alternative measure of norms of filial responsibility in Asian families, was investigated with regard to the provision of assistance to the elderly relative in the post hoc analysis. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between coresidence and higher levels and more hours of assistance provided to elderly relatives. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to re-examine the issue of whether adult children of alcoholics experience more depression, anxiety, and lower self-esteem than do children of non-alcoholic families. This study is a replication of the study of David Dodd, entitled A Comparison of Adult Children of Alcoholic Families with Adult Children from Non-Alcoholic Families. 1990. The measures used in this study were as follows: Children of Alcoholics Screening Test, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Coopersmith Adult Self-Esteem Inventory, and a questionnaire developed by this writer designed to obtain family history regarding not only alcoholism, but other issues of family dysfunctionality as well. The subjects for this study were 231 students enrolled in the counselor education program at this university, all aged 19 or older. Of the 230 subjects, 31 were male and 199 were female. Eleven males identified themselves as children of alcoholics, as measured by the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test, and 60 females identified themselves as children of alcoholics. Thus, a total of 71 subjects in this study were identified as children of alcoholics. T-tests were conducted to see whether any differences existed between the male and female groups. No significant differences were found. Results of this study showed that family dysfunctionality rather than parental alcoholism was the factor of variability regarding depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. There appears to be a strong relationship between parental alcoholism and family dysfunctionality, but dysfunctionality clearly has more impact upon depression, anxiety, and self-esteem in the adult children of these families than does alcoholism.

This study examined the effects of Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) on affection, communication, and relationship between elderly parents and their assisting adult children. Twenty-eight pairs of parents and children were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. Subjects took Quinn's Family Life Questionnaire as pre-, post-, and follow-up tests. Parents and children in the treatment groups attended a four-session STEP workshop. No significant differences were found on the 2 x 2 analysis of variance for repeated measures for the parents or adult children. Quinn's affection and relationship variables approached significance for the parents over time. His variable affection approached significance for the children over time, irrespective of group. Agreement approached significance for children in the treatment group. The results for the parents regarding affection suggest that the study may have emphasized their feelings of trust. Although the data for relationship approached significance, it was negative, indicating that parents in the treatment group may have reduced their interaction with their assisting children perhaps because they were learning new communication skills. The data for the children regarding affection approached significance, but it was negative, suggesting they felt free to question their feelings about themselves and their parents. The results for children in the treatment group regarding agreement may suggest that the study increased their awareness of areas of agreement with their parents. When the data for parents and children were compared, communication approached significance for the parents; that is, they felt more comfortable with their communication with their children than did their children. The variables affection and perception showed significance. The elderly parents perceived their relationship with their children more positively than did their children. Absence of statistically significant data may be explained because Quinn's Family Life Questionnaire was not sensitive enough. Analysis of covariance might have identified significant findings. Increasing the number of participants and informing them of the purpose of the study might also affect a repeated study.

Denna kvalitativa studie har baserats på åtta vuxna barn som har vuxit upp i en alkoholmissbrukarfamilj. Syftet med uppsatsen är att förstå hur de vuxna barnen har påverkats av att växa upp i en familj där minst en av föräldrarna missbrukat alkohol samt hur relationen till andra personer påverkats. Syftet är också att se hur uppväxtvillkoren sett ut för dem.Huvudfrågan i denna studie är hur de har upplevt att de har påverkats. Huvudteorierna till denna uppsats är Thomas J. Scheffs teorier om sociala band, skam och stolthet. Utöver dessa teorier har även Pierre Bourdieus teorier om fält, de olika kapitalen och habitus också använts. Empirin har samlats in genom åtta individuella intervjuer. Resultatet visade att samtliga i studien påverkades negativt i barndomen av att ha dessa uppväxtförhållanden. På grund utav detta påverkar det dem än idag på både positivt och negativt. Slutsatserna av detta är att dessa individer fortfarande är i skuggan av alkoholen. / This qualitative study has been based on eight adult children who have grown up in an alcoholic family. The aim of this essay is to understand in what way the adult children have been affected by growing up in a family where at least one of the parents has abused alcohol and how the relationship with other people is affected. The aim is also to see what the conditions of growing up have looked like for them. The main issue in this study is how they experienced being affected. The main theories for this essay are Thomas J. Scheff's theories of social bonds, shame and pride. In addition to these theories, Pierre Bourdieu's theories of fields, different capital and habitus have also been used. The empirics has been collected through eight individual interviews. The results showed that everyone in the study is negatively affected in childhood by having these growth conditions. Because of this, it still affects them both positively and negatively. The conclusions made of this is that these individuals are in a way in the shadow of alcohol.