As transformações advindas com a modernidade e com a pós-modernidade alteraram de forma significativa a relação entre as gerações mais novas e as mais velhas. Nas sociedades tradicionais, havia uma hierarquia entre o saber adulto, pautado no passado e na tradição, e a aceitação deste saber por parte dos mais novos. A contemporaneidade e seus discursos fornecem um cenário bastante diferente, no qual a adolescência é tida como ideal, a velocidade das transformações são espantosas e o novo, o moderno, têm seu lugar de destaque nos valores do homem contemporâneo. Neste sentido, imagens solidificadas pelo tempo e pela tradição se alteram, trazendo reflexos nas relações entre jovens e adultos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a imagem de adulto que os adolescentes de hoje carregam, a partir da avaliação que os últimos fazem dos adultos de hoje, do sentido que os jovens atribuem a este lugar e do que valorizam em um adulto. Participaram da pesquisa um total de 520 alunos do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas e particulares e o instrumento utilizado consistiu em um questionário com 24 questões, cada qual contendo quatro opções de respostas, e duas questões abertas. Os resultados demonstraram uma tendência dos jovens a avaliarem negativamente os adultos em relação a suas atuações na esfera pública (política, meio ambiente, educação e mídia) e a desconfiarem da capacidade dos adultos quanto àqueles atributos tradicionalmente referidos a este lugar (confiança, sabedoria, modelo a ser seguido, ética) e, no entanto, 63% dos sujeitos acreditaram dever obediência aos adultos de hoje. O dinheiro, o desemprego e a competição no mundo do trabalho mostraram-se como uma das preocupações mais importantes dos adultos de hoje e dos jovens em relação ao futuro. Aparentemente, a imagem do adulto, lugar de saber e de guia dos mais novos não apresenta a consistência que tinha no passado e poucos parecem ser os modelos passíveis de admiração disponíveis aos jovens hoje. O significado de ser adulto e de ocupar este lugar parece tender a um trabalho e a uma construção exclusivamente pessoal e individual. / The transformations took place during modernity and post-modernity changed in a significant way the relationship between the younger and older generations. In traditional societies, there was a hierarchy between the adult knowledge, based on past and tradition, and the acceptance of this knowledge by the younger people. The contemporary and its discourses provide a different scenario indeed, in which the adolescence is taken as an ideal, the speed of transformations is astonishing and the new, the modern has a predominant place in the values of the contemporary man. In that sense, images solidified by time and tradition change, altering relationships between young people and adults. The aim of this work was to investigate the image of adulthood that todays adolescents have, from the evaluation that they make of todays adults, from the sense that young people have of this place and from what they value in an adult. Participated in the research a total of 520 students from public and private high schools and the tool consisted of a questionnaire with 24 questions, each containing four options, and two open questions. The results reveal a tendency from young people to evaluate negatively the adults concerning their performances in the public sphere (political, environment, education and media) and question the adults capacity on those attributes traditionally attributed to that place (confidence, wisdom, model to be followed, ethical) and, nevertheless, 63% of individuals believed to owe obedience to todays adults. Money, unemployment and competition for jobs in the world were revealed as some of the greatest concerns of todays adults and of young people about their future. Apparently, the image of an adult, place of knowledge and guide for the younger ones doesnt show the consistency that it had in the past and few seem to be the possible models of admiration available for today\'s young people. The meaning of being an adult and occupying that place seems to lean toward a work and a construction exclusively personal and individual.

Perceived control is associated with health throughout adulthood, yet has also been found to decline with age possibly due to age-related experiences of increasing losses and limitations in life circumstances. Perceived control may also be affected by individual personality characteristics, which also predict health through late adulthood. Although previous studies have addressed these associations, research is lacking in examining nuanced associations among personality, perceived control, and health all together as well as age and gender differences in these associations. Moreover, perceived control may be related to individualistic values (e.g., autonomy, agency) that vary cross-culturally and the implications of perceived control as well as personality for health may differ in distinct cultures. However, cross-cultural research on longitudinal associations of personality, perceived control, and health is further limited. In order to address the gap in the literature, the present dissertation, consisting of three studies, focuses on investigating longitudinal associations among personality, perceived control, and health for American and Japanese middle-aged and older adults. The first two studies address longitudinal associations between personality and perceived control (Study 1) and the potential mediation of perceived control for longitudinal associations between personality and health (Study 2) for 4,611 American adults (aged 40 to 75 at baseline). Study 3 examines associations among personality, perceived control, and health for 827 Japanese adults (aged 40 to 79 at baseline) in contrast to Americans. The findings suggest that neuroticism and conscientiousness are consistent predictors for perceived control over time and that perceived control mediates longitudinal associations of neuroticism and conscientiousness with functional health for American adults. Such mediation was not found for Japanese adults despite overall similar tendencies except for associations between personality and perceived control. No age differences in associations among personality, perceived control, and health were found for both nationalities (who were in their 40s to 70s at baseline) while there were some gender differences in a limited few associations for Americans. The dissertation contributes to the literature by furthering the understanding of longitudinal associations of personality, perceived control, and health and indicating future directions for research including exploring potential avenues to promoting health through perceived control.

The purpose of this article was to review the literature about families of adult children with developmental disabilities, the impact of culture on access to health care services, and community-based health care services for adults with developmental disabilities to answer the following questions: (1) How do parents of adult children with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities describe their caregiving experiences?, (2) What are frequently identified unmet service needs by the parents/families?, (3) Does the family's culture or ethnic background influence how they view their caregiving experiences?, and (4) What are the unique challenges facing families when attempting to access health care services? Currently little information exists about the needs of parents and other family members who live with adults with developmental disabilities. Longitudinal studies and studies to assess the influence of culture on care giving are especially needed. Therapists need to use approaches that will empower children and their families so they can better meet their current challenges and provide a foundation for the skills they will need to meet future challenges as adults.

Note:

No description available.

No description available.

Bakgrund Majoriteten av den svenska befolkningen är inte tillräckligt fysiskt aktiv. Fysisk inaktivitet kan medföra flera negativa konsekvenser för hälsan. Fysisk aktivitet har väldokumenterade positiva hälsoeffekter. Därför är det viktigt att veta vad som hindrar och motiverar motionärer till träning. Syfte Denna studie undersökte skillnader gällande hindrande respektive motiverande faktorer hos personer som tränar i högre respektive lägre grad, samt undersökte könsskillnader i densamma. Metod Studien hade en komparativ tvärsnittsdesign, 575 enkäter delades ut på fyra Friskis&Svettisanläggningar. Resultatsammanfattning Gällande hindrande faktorer framkom en skillnad som indikerar att ”lägre grad” upplevde sig mer påverkade av hindrande faktorer till träning. Gruppen ”högre grad” var mer motiverade av både inre respektive yttre motivation än gruppen ”lägre grad”. Kvinnor var mer motiverade av inre motivationän män. Total svarsfrekvens =69.9%. Konklusion För att motiveras till att träna i högre grad krävs ett samspel mellan yttre och inre motivation med övervikt åt inre motivation. Vidare forskning behövs inom området. / COIN-Sweat

No description available.

No description available.

The ratings of perceived exertion are commonly employed within both a clinical and exercise setting to quantify, monitor and evaluate an individual’s exercise tolerance and level of exertion. Recent advances in the area of perceived exertion have led to novel applications in the use of the ratings of perceived exertion scale as a means of predicting an individual’s maximal functional capacity (VO2max) for exercise (Eston, Lamb, Parfitt, & King, 2005; Eston, Faulkner, Mason, & Parfitt, 2006; Eston, Lambrick, Sheppard, & Parfitt, 2008; Faulkner, Parfitt, & Eston, 2007). Yet the utility of such procedures with low-fit individuals or children has received little or no research attention. As such, one aim of this thesis was to assess the efficacy of the ratings of perceived exertion in predicting the VO2max of low-fit men and women, and healthy children. It is often presumed that like adults, a child’s perception of exertion rises linearly with increases in exercise intensity, despite a limited amount research suggesting otherwise. Moreover, there is a lack of empirical evidence to suggest that children regulate their power output during a closed-loop exercise task in order to complete a given distance in the fastest time possible. Therefore, a further aim of this thesis was to explore the nature of the perceptual responses of young children across differing modes of exercise, and to examine whether children employ pacing strategies during running. In relation to this latter aim, it was of particular interest to explore pacing in relation to the ratings of perceived exertion during running, as the ratings of perceived exertion have been proposed as a key component of such a regulatory system during exercise (Tucker, 2009). This thesis comprises a qualitative review of relevant literature, and six study chapters which were borne out of five empirical studies. The findings of studies 1 and 2 (chapters 3 & 4, respectively) support the utility of the ratings of perceived exertion to estimate VO2max in low-fit men and women, during cycle ergometry exercise. Importantly, this has been shown from a single exercise test at a low-moderate exercise intensity, during either a step-incremental (study 1) or ramp-incremental (study 2) protocol. Studies 3 and 4 (chapters 5 & 6, respectively) provide evidence to suggest that a child’s perception of exertion may rise linearly or curvilinearly in relation to increasing work, during either cycle ergometry or treadmill exercise. These studies support the utility of a unique, curvilinear, paediatric ratings of perceived exertion scale in obtaining accurate exertional responses from young children, across differing modes of exercise. In contrast to studies 1 and 2, study 5 (chapter 7) suggests that the novel means of predicting maximal functional capacity from submaximal ratings of perceived exertion in adults is inaccurate with young children. This was particularly evident in the low intraclass correlation coefficients and wide limits of agreement obtained between measured- and predicted VO2max, for both cycle ergometry and treadmill exercise. Study 6 (chapter 8) demonstrated that young children employ pacing strategies during an 800 m run, similar to adults, and that this improves with trial familiarisation. Moreover, the presence of other competitors has a detrimental effect on performance, particularly for girls.