Background and Purpose: The adverse effects of drugs may influence results on tests of mobility and balance, but the drug-specific impact is not identified when using these tests. We propose that a quantitative drug index (QDI) will assist in assessing fall risk based on these tests, when combined with other fall risk variables. Methods: Fifty-seven community-dwelling older adults who could walk independently on a treadmill and had Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores equal to or greater than 24 participated. Mobility and balance outcome measures included the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and cognitive dual task TUG (TUGc). Fall history, current drug list, and Activity-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale scores were also collected. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The QDI was derived from the drug list for each individual, and based on fall-related drug adverse effects. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using age, BMI, and QDI as predictor variables for determining mobility and balance test scores, and ABC scale scores. Subsequently, participants were divided into (QDI = 0) low-impact drug group (LIDG) and (QDI > 0) high-impact drug group (HIDG) for Mann-Whitney 2-group comparisons. Results: Age, BMI, and QDI were all significant (P <.001) independent variables in multiple regression analyses for mobility and balance test scores, but not for the ABC scale. Separately, the 2 group comparisons for the BESTest, BBS, TUG, and TUGc demonstrated that HIDG scored significantly (P <.05) worse on these tests compared with the LIDG. Drug counts were also significantly higher for the HIDG than for the LIDG. In contrast, age, BMI, MMSE, and reported falls in the last 12 months were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: Age, BMI, and QDI - all contributed independently to the mobility and balance test scores examined, and may provide health care professionals a screening tool to determine whether additional mobility and balance testing is required. In addition, the QDI is a more precise marker of adverse effects of drugs compared with drug counts, as the latter does not quantitate the influence of drugs on physiologic function.

No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted. Abciximab, the first approved glycoprotein (GP IIb/IIIa) inhibitor, is being widely used during acute coronary syndromes and offers the promising approach to antithrombotic therapy. We present a case of a young woman who initially received abciximab infusion for undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention of left anterior descending artery and was eventually diagnosed with abciximab-induced delayed thrombocytopaenia. This case outlines the importance of close follow-up of these patients to prevent serious adverse events.

The aims of the research were to establish whether diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbitone are teratogenic in mice both in vivo and in an in vitro whole embryo culture system, to investigate possible mechanisms of teratogenicity and to examine whether the methods used in this study, may form a basis for developing systems of more extensive drug teratogenicity screening.

The first case of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (breast implant ALCL) was described by John Keech and the late Brevator Creech in 1997. In the following 2 decades, much research has led to acceptance of breast implant ALCL as a specific clinicopathologic entity, a process that we bring up to life through the memories of 6 persons who were involved in this progress, although we acknowledge that many others also have contributed to the current state of the art of this disease. Dr. Keech recalls the events that led him and Creech to first report the disease. Ahmet Dogan and colleagues at the Mayo Clinic described a series of 4 patients with breast implant ALCL, and led to increased awareness of breast implant ALCL in the pathology community. Daphne de Jong and colleagues in the Netherlands were the first to provide epidemiologic evidence to support the association between breast implants and ALCL. Garry Brody was one of the first investigators to collect a large number of patients with the disease, present the spectrum of clinical findings, and alert the community of plastic surgeons. Roberto Miranda and L. Jeffrey Medeiros and colleagues studied the pathologic findings of a large number of cases of breast implant ALCL, and published the findings in 2 impactful studies in the medical oncology literature. The recognition and acceptance of this disease by surgeons, epidemiologists, and medical oncologists, working together, has led to subsequent studies on the pathogenesis and optimal therapy of this disease. / Revisión por pares

Silicosis continues to be an important occupational disease in South Africa, particularly in small, poorly regulated industries. A case series is described of six workers who developed silicosis whilst involved in the processing of semi-precious gem stones. They had been employed as stone sculptors in lapidaries where they processed tigers' eye, rose quartz, amethyst, quartz crystal and a variety of other locally occurring semi-precious stones. In five of the cases exposure was in small and poorly regulated lapidaries without specific dust control measures. The sixth was detected during the course of a health and hygiene survey (including dust sampling) that I conducted in one of two lapidaries still operating in the Western Cape. These workers developed serious disease. Progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) was noted in 4 of the 6 cases, three of whom had progression of their disease after cessation of exposure. With the development of PMF the initial restrictive pulmonary function abnormalities were followed by steadily worsening airflow obstruction. Lung biopsies confirmed silicosis in one case and were suggestive in a further two. Tuberculosis was confirmed in two cases and suspected and treated in a third. Workmen's' Compensation was awarded in five cases. The survey confirmed that in semiprecious gem stone processing, the risk of silicosis appears to be confined to stone sculptors. Tried and proven techniques of general and local exhaust ventilation combined with water or oil to control dust at source were capable of effectively reducing dust emission to acceptable levels.

Introduction : Dans la population pédiatrique, la prescription des antipsychotiques (AP) connait une hausse majeure ces quinze dernières années malgré une Autorisation de Mise sur le Marché (AMM) française limitée à quelques molécules AP avec des indications réduites. Cela conduit à un taux de prescription hors AMM important avec des modalités de prescription dépendantes du prescripteur en l’absence de recommandations de prescription et de surveillance. De plus, la littérature relève un nombre inquiétant d’événements indésirables (EI) associé à un manque de données sur les conséquences à moyen et long terme. Méthode : L’étude ETAPE nationale, multicentrique, prospective a été financée par l’Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des produits dérivés. L’objectif principal était de déterminer le taux d’incidence des EI au cours d’un suivi de 12 mois chez des enfants et des adolescents de 6 à 18 ans exposés pour la première fois à un AP quel que soit le motif de la prescription. Le suivi proposé était de 12 mois avec 5 visites (à l’inclusion, puis à 3, 6, 9 et 12 mois). Une recherche exhaustive des EI a été réalisée à chaque visite grâce à la passation d’échelles cliniques, un examen physique et des bilans complémentaires. Résultats : L’étude a débuté en Avril 2013, la période d’inclusion s’est étendue sur deux ans et le suivi s’est terminé en Avril 2016. Au total, 200 patients ont été inclus. Les données de 190 patients ont été analysées. L’âge moyen était de 12 ± 2,99 ans, avec une proportion de 75% de garçons. A l’inclusion, 91% des patients ont reçu un AP en monothérapie et 9% au moins deux psychotropes. Rispéridone et aripiprazole étaient les AP les plus prescrits. Parmi les prescriptions d’AP, 20,5% répondaient à une AMM. Parmi les EI potentiellement attribuables à l’AP : 15,4% étaient neuromoteurs, 14,8% gastroentérologiques, 12,2% métaboliques et 11,8% étaient des symptômes généraux. Le taux d’incidence des EI était de 11,52 EI par personne-année (IC 95% [9,83 ; 13,20]). Chez les 108 patients avec un suivi complet de 12 mois, 52,7% des EI sont apparus au cours du premier trimestre d’exposition (représentés principalement par les EI généraux et hormonaux). Néanmoins, l’apparition des EI était observée pendant toute la durée du suivi. Parmi ces patients, 25,8 % ont présenté au moins un EI sévère ou extrêmement sévère. De plus, la présence des EI s’est révélée stable au cours des 12 mois. Conclusion : Ce travail a contribué à mettre en évidence dans une population naïve pédiatrique nationale un fort taux d’incidence d’EI et un taux d’apparition et de présence des EI stable sur 12 mois. La présence d’EI sévères a touché un quart de la population ayant complété le suivi. Perspectives : Sur un échantillon de 55 patients niçois nous chercherons l’impact du polymorphisme génétique des cytochromes dans le métabolisme des AP et sur l’apparition des EI. L’ensemble de ces travaux a pour objectif de contribuer à la mise en place de recommandations de prescription et de surveillance des paramètres cliniques, biologiques et électrocardiographiques lors de l’introduction d’un AP en population pédiatrique pour améliorer la balance bénéfice/risque. / Background In France, as in the rest of the world, the off-label prescription of antipsychotics is on the rise in the pediatric population. In the literature, we noticed a significant lack of data on drug safety and adverse events in the naïve pediatric population treated by antipsychotic in the short as well as in the long term. In addition, studies independent of pharmaceutical laboratories are lacking. Method ETAPE Study was a naturalistic prospective multicenter study conducted between April 2013 and May 2016. Type of AP, concomitant treatment, clinical evaluation and AEs were registered at inclusion and 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months follow up. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02007928. The main objective was to determine the incidence rate of adverse events (AEs) in the antipsychotic-naïve pediatric population treated by antipsychotic (AP) during a 12-months. Outcomes A total of 190 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 12 ± 2.99 years, with 75% being males. At baseline, 91% of patients received AP monotherapy and 9% received at least two psychotropic drugs. Risperidone and aripiprazole were the most frequently prescribed AP. 20.5% of prescriptions were in label. Among the AEs potentially attributable to AP, 15.4% were neuromotor, 14.8% gastroenterological, 12.2% metabolic and 11.8% general symptoms. The overall incidence rate was 11.52 AE per person-years (IC 95% [9.83; 13.20]). In patients completing completed FU (n=108), 52.7% of AEs appeared during the first 3 months, but onset of AE was noted during the 12-months FU. 25.8 % of patients have been exposed to at least one severe or extreme severity AE. The persistence of AEs was stable during the 12-months FU.Interpretation The high incidence rate of AEs, the severity and the persistence of AEs justify the necessity of clinical and biological follow-up of AEs during at least 12-months of AP treatment.

No description available.

Two of every three students in the classroom today are affected by at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE; Perfect et al., 2016). Recently, researchers have used a neurodevelopmental approach to try to categorize and describe the connection between the neurological, cognitive, and academic success of children with ACEs and may have discovered a unique connection to math (Blodgett & Lanigan, 2018). The culmination of this research suggests that children who experience ACEs develop a stress physiology (as evidenced by differences in brain volume and cortisol levels) and this affects executive functioning. Because executive functioning, which is undergirded by the structural development of the brain (De Bellis et al., 2016), is related to mathematical academic achievement (Clark et al., 2010), children who have structural differences due to ACEs are hypothesized to have unique challenges in math. This study examined children drawn from an academic (rather than clinical) setting using behavioral measures of executive functioning as well as math grades obtained from their schools. Results suggest that for children drawn from a traditional academic setting, having been exposed to ACEs does not predict significant differences in EF skills or in school performance in math. Though the sample demonstrated a typical prevalence of exposure to ACEs, the maternal education of the children in the sample (a proxy for SES) was distinctly high. The interaction of these two aspects of this sample and their implications for the findings is discussed. / Educational Psychology

What is known and objective: Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) is the cornerstone of many serious invasive fungal infections. Despite lower frequencies of commonly reported adverse events in clinical trials compared to conventional formulations, post-marketing complications continue to mount. Case description: We present a case of chest pain following the initial dose of L-AmB for cryptococcal meningitis. Electrocardiogram demonstrated no acute electrocardiogram findings. Upon rechallenge, the chest pain worsened was subsequently accompanied by ST-segment elevation. Emergent coronary angiography found no acute findings. What is new and conclusion: Providers should be aware of cardiac complications with L-AmB, including non-occlusive ST-segment elevation.

No description available.