The irrigation organizations have been organized in Taiwan for more than 400 years and set the foundation of Taiwan¡¦s agricultural development. This dissertation analyzes the 17 Taiwan irrigation associations¡¦ financial statements and discusses how the members of advisory board of irrigations associations interact with resources, rules and communication from the agency theory. The conclusions in the dissertation are as follows: 1.The type of city irrigation associations sold their useless assets and got the money to maintain and operate the associations. The type of country and fragmentary irrigation associations still irrigate the farms, but they have no unused assets to sell. The finance of these two types irrigation associations are not so sufficient, they should take actions to improve their finance by themselves or by the government. 2.Those factors as the levels of educations, the vocation, the types of associations-attending, the number of the types of associations-attending, the major cadres in the associations, the time to be a member of irrigation association, and be a politician or not, will influence with the members of advisory board of irrigations associations to communicate with members, know about the rules, constitute the irrigation association, and make the commitments to the associations. 3.The members of advisory board of different types of irrigation associations have different attitudes toward the constitutions of irrigation associations and the commitment of organizations. Especially the members of advisory board in the type of fragmentary irrigation associations, they are more concerned about the constitution of the irrigation associations, and the commitments of organizations are stronger. The suggestions have been addressed as follows: 1.The government should set up a system to monitor the finance of the irrigation associations. 2.The government should bring the new thoughts of business management to the irrigation associations. 3.The irrigation associations should operate more diversely. 4.The government should subsidize farming. 5.The government should support the irrigation associations to enlarge the irrigation areas.

Bakgrund: Vårdskador är ett vanligt förekommande problem inom slutenvården. En vårdskada är en skada som hade kunnat undvikas. I Sverige drabbas årligen ungefär var tionde patient av en vårdskada vilket medför stora merkostnader både på individ- och samhällsnivå. I varje landsting finns en Patientnämnd vars syfte bland annat är att ta emot patienter och anhörigas synpunkter och klagomål på vården samt förmedla dessa vidare till berörd verksamhet. Syfte: studien granskade vilka vårdskador som anmäldes till Patientnämnden under hösten 2014 i ett landsting i Mellansverige samt vilka åtgärder som vidtogs från vårdgivarens sida efter kontakt från Patientnämnden. Metod: En empirisk studie med kvantitativ design, data erhölls från avslutade ärenden hos Patientnämnden. Resultat: 34,2 % av anmälda ärenden rörde vårdskador. Vanligast var att ärendet gällde en kvinna (69 %) och att patienten själv anmälde till Patientnämnden (71 %). Försenad och/eller felaktig behandling och/eller diagnos var de vanligaste anmälda vårdskadorna i denna studie. I 47,4 % fall vidtogs åtgärder från vårdgivarens sida. Slutsats: I 41 av 75 ärenden kontaktades inte berörd verksamhet för yttrande. Detta då Patientnämnden ej kunde gå vidare med ärendet eftersom skriftliga synpunkter uteblev från anmälande part. Anledningen till detta kan vara värd att studera vidare. Kanske behöver Patientnämnden utveckla ett alternativt anmälningssystem för att underlätta processen för att inte tappa denna grupp som kan behöva mer stöd för att fullfölja sin anmälan. Då även dessa synpunkter är viktiga för fortsatt arbete med kvalitetssäkring och en öka patientsäkerheten inom slutenvården. / Background: Adverse events are a common problem in inpatient care. An adverse event is an injury that could have been avoided. In Sweden every tenth patient are affected every year of injuries form health care which results in big costs both at an individual and a society level. Every county has a Patient Advisory Board whose purpose is to receive patients and relatives' opinions and complaints of the health care and to communicate these to the concerned care unit. Objective: The study examined reported adverse events to the Patient Advisory Board in the fall of 2014 in a county in central Sweden and the measures that were taken from the caregiver's side after being contacted by the Patient Advisory Board. Method: An empirical study using quantitative design, data were obtained from closed cases of this board. Results: 34.2 % of the studied cases concerned nursing injuries. Most commonly the case involved a woman (69 %), and in 71 % of reviewed cases the patients themselves contacted the Patient Advisory Board. Delayed and/or improper treatment and/or diagnosis were the most commonly reported adverse events in this study. In 34 cases, measures were taken from a health care provider. Conclusion: In 41 of the 75 cases the caregiver was not contacted because the Patients Advisory Board could not proceed since written comments regarding the case was not obtained from notifying party. In the future further studies may be needed to find strategies for helping those who have trouble reporting discontent in healthcare.

Small businesses are an important engine of economic growth and are essential to the stability and health of the national and global economies. U.S. Census Bureau data show that small businesses have poor survival rates, however. The literature on organizational failure contains no generally agreed-on list of the variables that separate success from failure. Although external factors are beyond a company’s control, internal factors such as business practices, management teams, and choice of business model are within its influence, and an effective board of directors can address many of the internal factors that cause failure.The majority of the literature focuses on the boards of large, publicly listed companies. The unique needs of owner-manager companies (OMCs), which are generally synonymous with small business, have not been studied sufficiently. Without a legal requirement for a board of directors, some OMCs establish panels of advisors. Using a quantitative method, the first study investigated the impact of the specific knowledge and experience that advisors possess on the performance of OMCs, as moderated by the company’s stage of growth. One key finding of this study is that the early stage of growth, managerial experience has a positive relationship to both measures of OMC performance and entrepreneurial experience has a negative relationship to both. The study also provided evidence that the impact of experience and knowledge on OMC performance is moderated by the company’s current stage of growth. The second study further explored the key findings of the quantitative study using a qualitative method. A series of thirty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with owner-mangers and advisors. The second study corroborated the importance of managerial experience to both measures of OMC performance in the early stages of a company’s development. It also corroborated the negative relationship of entrepreneurial experience to one measure of OMC performance but contradicted its negative relationship to the other. This mixed-methods approach provided a deeper understanding of the actions that owner-managers take and how those ultimately affect OMC performance. / Business Administration/Interdisciplinary

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No / While there are many mythical stories of various kinds about the Phoenix it retains several features throughout all of them. In ancient Egypt, the Phoenix was the prodigy of the sun god Ra and appeared in the shape of a giant bird of fire, which was one of the most beautiful creatures on earth. It was remarkable in that it could not foster any offspring and at the end of its life would explode in a ball of fire. Out of the ashes, an egg is formed which then hatches the Phoenix again in its young form. The cry of a Phoenix was supposed to be of miraculous beauty. This chapter will explore if the Phoenix is a suitable metaphor for the recent re-emergence of the US National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB), which was tasked with providing scientific expertise to the government on questions of the security risks of emerging science and technology in the life sciences. The analogy to the Phoenix suggests itself because the NSABB, chartered in 2004, had been inactive for over two years and only recently took up its work. The comparison between the Phoenix and the NSABB gives rise to several questions: first, has the re-emergence of the NSABB been met with an equally beautiful cry of joy among the scientists and security experts? Second, what happens when the Phoenix lies dormant? And third, what took place before the Phoenix was created?

Magister Legum - LLM (Mercantile and Labour Law) / The establishment of an anti-dumping regime has become commonplace for many a government that seeks to protect and promote its local industries. One reason which appears to be dominant by its proponents is the need to curb predatory pricing. Another reason given by the proponents of anti-dumping is the need to maintain a level playing field for players in any particular industry. With these reasons and probably many others, anti-dumping legislation began to find its way into present-day trade. Canada, with its anti-dumping statute of 1904 [An Act to Amend the Customs Tariff 1897, 4 Edw VIII, 1 Canada Statutes 111 (1904)] is credited with the first modern anti-dumping legislation. New Zealand followed in 1905 with the Agricultural Implement Manufacture, Importation and Sale Act 1905, which was primarily meant to protect New Zealand's manufacturers of agricultural implements. The Industries Preservation Act 1906 which Australia enacted was to deal with market monopoly by manufacturers but it also contained provisions on anti-dumping. The first decade of the 20th century will thus qualify to be called the introductory decade of anti-dumping legislation.

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Includes Van Allen thesis (M.S.)--University of Iowa, 1936, and thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Iowa, 1939.