Den svenska bostadskrisens utveckling berör hela bostadsmarknaden men främst deresurssvaga hushållen. Anledningen till detta fenomen är att samhällsklyftorna i landet harökat som ett resultat av att inkomstfördelningen i Sverige har förändrats. Glappet mellan derika och de resurssvaga har ökat, men även hushållsställning i de svenska hushållen harförändrats från stora till mindre hushåll. Det finns således ett behov av boende som bemöterde mest grundläggande kraven för en resurssvag individ som är rimliga att hyra ur ettekonomiskt perspektiv. Detta har lett till en efterfrågan för ett bostadssystem som kan bemötabehovet som finns hos dessa resurssvaga grupper. I andra länder kallas detta system förAffordable Housing, men finns inte i Sverige i samma utsträckning. Syftet med denna rapportvar att undersöka hur svenska byggbranschen utvecklingsfond (SBUF) förslag på alternativabostadslösningar, med avsteg från byggregler kan leda till ett sådant bostadssystem.En opinionsundersökning som grundar sig på SBUF:s förslag, utfördes genom enenkätundersökning. För att vidare komplettera denna undersökning har intervjuer medämneskunniga gjorts. Resultatet tyder på att det finns en marknad för bostadslösningar likt deSBUF presenterat, då merparterna av respondenterna i enkätundersökningen ställer sigpositiva till förslagen. Mer specifikt de grupper som har låga inkomster och osäkraboendeformer som andrahandskontrakt och inneboende. Resultatet visar även att detta förslagpotentiellt hade kunnat sänka byggkostnaden genom ett mer flexibelt bostadsbyggande. Islutändan handlar det om hur detta system är motiverat ur ett socioekonomiskt perspektiv, ochhur det på bästa möjliga sätt ska introduceras in i det svenska bostadssystemet. Resultatet somdras ifrån intervjuerna med de ämneskunniga innebär att ett sådant system bör genomföras påett sätt som motverkar segregation. Att förmedla bostäder med alternativa bostadslösningartill resurssvaga kan leda till en kontroversiell diskussion om lägre boendestandard för dessagrupper, men en diskussion som behöver tas. Slutsatsen som kan dras är att SBUF:s förslagkan vara en väg att gå för att inrätta ett system som Affordable Housing, och att det potentielltkan bemöta det behovet av bostad som finns hos dessa resurssvaga hushåll. / The fact that the Swedish housing market is experiencing a housing crisis is widely known. Inparticular, there is a limited range of tenancies, as many of these are converted intocondominiums. This development mainly affects the resource-poor households, as the socialgap in the country has increased, as a result of the change in income distribution in Sweden.The gap between the rich and the resource-poor has increased, but households in Swedenhave also changed from large to smaller households. Thus, there is a need for accommodationthat meets the most basic requirements for a resource-poor individual, which is alsoreasonable to rent from an economic perspective. This has led to a demand for a housingsystem that can meet the needs of these resource-poor groups. In other countries this system iscalled Affordable Housing, but is not etablished in Sweden to the same extent. With this inmind, the purpose of this report is to investigate how SBUF proposes alternative housingsolutions, with the exception of building rules, can lead to such a housing system.As housing concerns people, an opinion poll has been made based on SBUF's proposalthrough a survey. In order to further complete this survey, interviews with subject expertshave been made. The result indicates that there is a market for the housing solutions such asthose SBUF presented, as the respondents in the survey responded positively to the proposal.More specifically, those groups that have low incomes and insecure housing forms as secondhandcontracts and lodger. The result also shows that this proposal could potentially havelowered construction costs through more flexible housing construction. In the end, it is aboutwhether this system is motivated from a socio-economic perspective, and how it should beintroduced in the best possible way into the Swedish housing system. The experts in the fieldclaims that such a system should be implemented in a way that counter segregation.Providing housing with alternative housing solutions to resource-poor households can lead toa controversial discussion of lower housing standards for these groups, but a discussion thatneeds to be taken. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the SBUF's proposal can be a wayof setting up a system such as Affordable Housing, and that it can potentially address the needfor housing that exists within these resource-poor households.

Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Larry L. Lawhon / This report examines the Town of Frisco, Colorado development process utilized to implement an attainable housing development within a resort style community. This report begins with the review of historic trends in affordable housing initiatives in American culture that has led to the importance of creating a diverse housing stock. The report was conducted by review of articles, government records, private and public reports, and research on the housing demand and analysis in the regional area. This report was conducted to provide resort style communities, similar to the Town of Frisco, a clear process of implementing an attainable housing development through the use of private/public partnerships. Frisco’s private/public partnership with the development team of Ten Mile Partners serves as a plausible process a community can undertake to increase a community’s housing stock diversity and affordability for long term residents.

Smart Growth is a comprehensive approach to planning that aims to shape more compact and well-connected communities across the United States. Among its principles are leveraging existing infrastructure, developing around transit, providing a mix of housing types and price ranges, and increasing community participation in the planning process. However, research suggests the comprehensive approach at times obscures potential tensions between these principles, in particular when Smart Growth principles are applied to a specific property. This is the case in Austin, Texas’ Lamar/Justin Lane TOD, where the City of Austin is currently evaluating development scenarios for a publicly-owned 5.6 acre parcel located within the TOD area. How equity and access is addressed in Smart Growth comes to fore in conversations between the City and affluent, neighborhood residents. This report examines the history of Smart Growth, reviews its implementation in cities across the U.S., and considers how the City of Austin may learn from other cities. / text

Indigenous populations in Canadian urban centres have grown tremendously in recent years. One of the biggest challenges when Indigenous peoples move to urban centres is finding safe, affordable housing. The research focuses on the need to increase urban affordable housing options and highlights the community land trust as a model for providing perpetually affordable housing for urban Indigenous populations. A documentary analysis was completed to determine the housing needs and potential options for Indigenous peoples in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The second part examines the Little Earth of United Tribes Homeownership Initiative located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Homeownership Initiative, which partners with the City of Lakes Community Land Trust, was chosen because it specifically targets Indigenous peoples. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to further inform the case study and to provide greater background information. The two parts were brought together to determine how a community land trust might complement the range of Indigenous housing options currently available in Winnipeg. / October 2016

The Low Income Housing Tax Credit Program is the primary federal program for producing new units of affordable housing. The program provides financial incentives to private developers to develop and operate affordable rental housing. In recent years, evidence has emerged that the program has led to clusters of subsidized housing in some cities. It is hardly surprising that some clustering would exist in a program in which the housing is constructed and owned by private developers. Despite the significant number of units produced by the program and despite the potential tendency for clustering of units built under this program, the locational patterns within the LIHTC program remain largely unexamined. Instead, most studies of the LIHTC program have focused on the national level rather than on individual cities. In contrast to previous studies, this study seeks to improve our understanding of variations in the LIHTC program across cities. The hypothesis of this study is that, because private developers produce housing in the LIHTC program and because the factors that influence private developers vary across cities, there is likely to be significant variation in the locational patterns of LIHTC developments across cities. The results of this study show, among other things, that clustering of LIHTC properties exists in the study cities, this clustering is extreme in some cases, and the clusters are associated with high poverty tracts in some cities. Given the LIHTC program's emphasis on market-driven policies and a similar emphasis in some other federal housing programs, such findings will likely be applicable to other affordable housing programs.

Energy efficient houses benefit communities not only to provide renewable energy shares and generating surplus electricity supporting local economic development. Also, residents in energy efficient houses have less energy usage that reduces household budget expenses. However, one of the obstacles of energy efficient technology installment of residential buildings is high investment cost, which can be solved with the usage of modular housing. In Europe, housing costs have a large share, especially for Sweden, housing expenses is a burden mostly for people who are at the risk of poverty. Also, high investment costs of energy efficient housing are combined with high construction prices leading a large share of budgets and effort to make houses affordable for low income groups. This study develops a scenario to find solutions for affordable housing problem in Sweden with a design proposal. The aim of this study is to investigate if there are ways of achieving socio-economic mix by the production of energy efficient affordable housing and urban gardening to develop a strategy for resource efficiency in Jakobsgårdarna. To achieve the aim, energy efficient affordable housing designed as modular units to achieve a local economic development. This study uses a design-based research method consisting of learning from background cases to transfer lesson learned in design phase of the sustainable neighborhood consisting of energy efficient technologies. Background cases were analyzed with literature review to define sustainable neighborhood, which was then used to develop a hypothesis. Findings of this thesis generates definition of sustainability tools consisting of a collaborative ownership; designing common kitchens; producing electricity and biogas from renewable energy sources; practicing urban agriculture; managing waste and storm and methods to cross subsidize energy efficient affordable housing production. The outcome of this research provides a sustainable neighborhood design proposal for Jacobsgårdarna, Borlänge.

Despite the need for affordable housing, consumers have failed to recognize manufactured housing as a viable alternative to site-built housing. The decline in market share for manufactured housing and subsequent decrease in sales has threatened the sustainability of manufacturers, retailers, suppliers, and support organizations. The purpose of this correlational study was to determine the extent that respondents' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, perceptions of manufactured home characteristics, and perceptions of manufactured home occupants and neighborhood characteristics predicted the acceptance of manufactured homes. The model of acceptance of manufactured homes provided the theoretical framework for the study. Data were collected from 2 surveys distributed among adult learners (n = 204) enrolled in a nontraditional degree-seeking program at university campuses in west Tennessee. One survey applied to single-section manufactured homes and another survey instrument applied to double-section homes. Correlation and multiple regression analyses techniques tested the hypotheses. Six of the 12 independent variables emerged as moderate predictors of manufactured home acceptance (R2 = .217), which were respondents' housing value, perceived manufactured home occupant behavior, perceived educational levels of manufactured home occupants, respondents' household size and composition, land-use mix, and respondents' neighborhood population range. The research findings may contribute to social change through providing a foundation for future research on variables that influence consumer perceptions about affordable housing choices.

The scale of the affordable housing problem in Canada is enormous and the situation is worsening due to a number of recent social trends. Continued wealth inequality, an aging population, increased immigration, changing marriage and independence trends, and increased part-time employment, have all contributed to a growing affordable housing problem in Canada. Certain groups such as single parents, recent immigrants, seniors living alone and tourism/seasonal workers are particularly vulnerable. In Canada, cities and tourism-based communities have the most pronounced affordable housing shortages, and this is expected to continue in the future. New and innovative methods of public participation are needed in dealing with the challenges of affordable housing development. Spatial information technology such as Internet-based collaborative geospatial software aims to improve the public participation process. This technology is able to use the Internet, spatial data and carefully designed interfaces in order to engage citizens and increase community participation for difficult planning problems such as affordable housing development. This thesis focuses on three objectives. The first objective is to define a collaborative, spatially-aware approach to create and assess affordable housing options in Collingwood, Ontario. This approach will use existing spatial data, participants with a vested interest in affordable housing, and an open source geospatial software tool called MapChat. The second objective is to implement the defined approach in a real-world setting in order to generate participatory input. The third and final thesis objective is to examine the spatial patterns of existing affordable housing and the locations generated in the study to determine sites that are most suitable for future affordable housing development in Collingwood. The results of the thesis show that the approach used provides a proof of concept in the use of Internet-based collaborative geospatial software that can be applied to any town in Canada. Although the approach involved a modest study design, it was able to offer a number of potential advances in planning the locations of future affordable housing. The approach was successful in creating a set of potential affordable housing options, was effective in assessing those scenarios and was feasible to implement in a real-world setting. In addition, the approach had high potential in the generation and management of information and in supporting community participation and empowerment.

This thesis studies the use of a collaborative spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis tool in site evaluation with multiple participants. The approach is situated within the context of three concepts of space, choice and participation, and is informed by fields as diverse as Decision-Making, Participatory Planning, Geographical Information Systems, Decision Support Systems, Voting, and Group Collaboration. A collaborative spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis software tool called MapChoice was designed for this thesis, built upon open source components and featuring easy-to-use decision support functionality in both single-user and collaborative modes. MapChoice was then evaluated in a real-world site selection situation with a case study on the location of much-needed affordable housing in the Town of Collingwood, Ontario. Based on previous discussions and workshops on the project, a workshop was held with a group of community housing advocates to compare a set of possible sites for an affordable housing project according to a set of spatial and aspatial criteria. The study indicates that a collaborative spatial MCA approach can be used in dealing with complex planning problems, and that it has the potential to contribute to improved consensus between participants.

The scale of the affordable housing problem in Canada is enormous and the situation is worsening due to a number of recent social trends. Continued wealth inequality, an aging population, increased immigration, changing marriage and independence trends, and increased part-time employment, have all contributed to a growing affordable housing problem in Canada. Certain groups such as single parents, recent immigrants, seniors living alone and tourism/seasonal workers are particularly vulnerable. In Canada, cities and tourism-based communities have the most pronounced affordable housing shortages, and this is expected to continue in the future. New and innovative methods of public participation are needed in dealing with the challenges of affordable housing development. Spatial information technology such as Internet-based collaborative geospatial software aims to improve the public participation process. This technology is able to use the Internet, spatial data and carefully designed interfaces in order to engage citizens and increase community participation for difficult planning problems such as affordable housing development. This thesis focuses on three objectives. The first objective is to define a collaborative, spatially-aware approach to create and assess affordable housing options in Collingwood, Ontario. This approach will use existing spatial data, participants with a vested interest in affordable housing, and an open source geospatial software tool called MapChat. The second objective is to implement the defined approach in a real-world setting in order to generate participatory input. The third and final thesis objective is to examine the spatial patterns of existing affordable housing and the locations generated in the study to determine sites that are most suitable for future affordable housing development in Collingwood. The results of the thesis show that the approach used provides a proof of concept in the use of Internet-based collaborative geospatial software that can be applied to any town in Canada. Although the approach involved a modest study design, it was able to offer a number of potential advances in planning the locations of future affordable housing. The approach was successful in creating a set of potential affordable housing options, was effective in assessing those scenarios and was feasible to implement in a real-world setting. In addition, the approach had high potential in the generation and management of information and in supporting community participation and empowerment.