Analisar a proposta de implantação do sistema de transporte coletivo denominado Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), no canteiro central da Av. Teotônio Segurado, considerando sua função atual como área verde para a cidade de Palmas - TO foi o objetivo geral desse estudo. Para isso, foi feita a apresentação e análise dos indicadores existentes sobre mobilidade urbana e áreas verdes para a cidade de Palmas - TO; a observação e compreensão da percepção da população sobre a mobilidade urbana e áreas verdes na cidade de Palmas – TO; a análise dos indicadores de mobilidade apresentados no Plano de Ação Palmas Sustentável para o projeto do BRT Palmas; a análise do projeto de BRT proposto para o canteiro central da AV. Teotônio Segurado em Palmas – TO; a verificação das temperaturas do ar e do piso no canteiro central da AV. Teotônio Segurado proporcionado pelo sombreamento da arborização existente. Para se alcançar os objetivos propostos, além da pesquisa de campo, a análise documental foi utilizada e foram consultados e analisados artigos, dissertações e teses, além do Projeto da Capital do Tocantins, legislações, Diagnóstico e Plano de Arborização de Palmas - TO, Plano de Ação Palmas Sustentável, Plano do BRT Palmas, entre outros. A pesquisa concluiu que a arborização existente nesse local é de suma importância para a cidade, uma vez que ocorrem diferenças de quase 2ºC nas temperaturas do ar e de até 20ºC nas temperaturas do piso entre as áreas analisadas com arborização e sem arborização. Além disso, dados estatísticos essenciais para a implantação do BRT não foram divulgados pela prefeitura, como demanda diária de passageiros ou pesquisa de origem/destino. Levantando-se a questão sobre a implantação de um sistema de mobilidade urbana de transporte coletivo, justamente, nesse canteiro central da Av. Teotônio Segurado, onde ocorrem maciços arbóreos consolidados. / An analysis of the proposal for the implementation of a public transportation system called Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) at Teotônio Segurado Avenue's central reservation, considering its current function as a green area for the city of Palmas - TO, was the main objective of this study. For that, it was made: a presentation and analysis of the existing indicators about urban mobility and green areas for the city of Palmas - TO; an observation and comprehensive perception of the population about urban mobility and green areas in the city of Palmas - TO; an analysis of the indicators for urban mobility presented at the Sustainable Action Plan for Palmas (Plano de Ação Palmas Sustentável) in the project for the Palmas BRT; an analysis of the BRT project proposed for the Teotônio Segurado Avenue's median strip in Palmas - TO; a verification of the air and floor temperatures at Teotônio Segurado Avenue's median strip, in relation to the shade from the area's trees. In order to achieve the desired goals, aside from field research, a documental analysis was used, as well as articles, dissertations and theses, in addition to the Project for the Tocantins Capital City (Projeto da Capital do Tocantins), legislations, Diagnostic and Afforestation Plan for Palmas – TO (Diagnóstico e Plano de Arborização de Palmas - TO), Sustainable Action Plan for Palmas, Palmas BRT Plan, among others. The research concluded that the existing forestation at this site is of extreme importance for the city, due to a difference of almost 2ºC in the air temperatures and of up to 20ºC in the floor temperatures with and without afforestation. Furthermore, essential statistic data for the implementation of the BRT were not disclosed by the Mayor's Office, such as daily passenger demand, or start point/destination of the trips. The question about the implementation of an urban mobility public transportation system is raised, in fact, at the Teotônio Segurado Avenue's central reservation, where there are consolidated massive tree structures.

The study investigates farmers' decision to afforest marginal agricultural land to create carbon sinks in western Canada. A real option model, which incorporates price risks related to carbon and timber revenues as well as opportunity cost uncertainty, is used to assess the impact of a carbon market on farmers' afforestation decision. Irreversibility of the decision is also modeled by including sunk cost of forest establishment and the cost of reversing the afforestation process. In addition, the non-permanence impact on the profitability of afforestation was analyzed by assessing the effect of two non-permanence carbon accounting schemes. / Results indicate that both, actual non-permanence policies and the presence of real options, have a significant negative impact on afforestation incentives. However, the carbon market has a positive effect as it increases the expected revenues to afforestation and also represents a diversification opportunity. Yet, even in the presence of a carbon market the investment barrier remains considerable. Despite the positive effect of the carbon market, results show that unless carbon prices reach levels well above $100/tC a subsidization of afforestation cost is needed in order to generate substantial GHG abatement from marginal agricultural land afforestation in western Canada.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:36:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moura_ir_me_rcla.pdf: 2114003 bytes, checksum: 6c9a86922ae93437183f1a5484375d4a (MD5) / A cidade é o lugar dos seres humanos. É nesse lugar que encontramos vivendo hoje a maioria das pessoas. É nas cidades que temos as maiores alterações na paisagem, e essas alterações geralmente comprometem a qualidade de vida. A supressão do verde das plantas é uma característica marcante nesse espaço. O presente trabalho procura pesquisar sobre a arborização urbana, dando um maior enfoque nas praças do bairro Centro de Teresina. Tem como objetivo identificar a diversidade vegetal arbórea, considerando a opinião de algumas pessoas sobre a importância da arborização das praças em sua vida. Esta pesquisa está dividida em três etapas distintas. A primeira etapa caracterizou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o processo de formação das cidades, especialmente da capital do Piauí, e a importância da arborização para a qualidade de vida nos espaços urbanos. Na segunda etapa foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo para identificação e contagem das espécies vegetais encontradas nas praças do bairro Centro de Teresina. Na terceira fase da pesquisa foram aplicados questionários que serviram para obter a opinião de alguns freqüentadores das praças sobre a importância das árvores encontradas nesses logradouros públicos. Durante o trabalho foram discutidos muitos termos e conceitos utilizados para definir os espaços livres urbanos, o que mostra que ainda não existe um consenso entre os estudantes, pesquisadores e administradores públicos no que se refere à terminologia desses espaços. A pesquisa mostrou que as árvores fornecem diversos benefícios para os ambientes urbanos, estes geralmente muito alterados e degradados. Também é importante salientar sobre os diversos usos e funções das praças na malha urbana, onde o encontro foi destacado como o principal uso feito pelas pessoas que vivem nos espaços urbanos / The city is the place of human beings. This is where we find most people living today. It is in cities that we have the largest changes in the landscape, and these changes often compromise the quality of life. The suppression of green plants is a distinguishing feature in this space. This current paper tries to research on urban trees, giving a greater focus on the squares of the district center of Teresina. Aims to identify woody plant diversity, considering the opinion of some people about the importance of afforestation of squares in your life. This research is divided into three distinct stages. The first stage was characterized by the literature on the process of formation of cities, especially in the capital of Piaui, and the importance of afforestation for the quality of life in urban spaces. In the second stage was conducted field research to identify and count plant species found in the streets of the district center of Teresina. In the view of some patrons of the squares on the importance of trees found in these public places. During the work were discussed many terms and concepts used to define urban spaces, which shows that there is still no consensus among students, researchers and public administrators regarding the terminology of these spaces. Research has shown that trees provide many benefits to urban environments, these usually much altered and degraded. It is also important to note about the various uses and functions of the squares on the urban environment, where the meeting was highlighted as the main use made by people living in urban areas

Submitted by Lúcia Brandão (lucia.elaine@live.com) on 2015-07-20T18:28:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucivaldo Breves da Silva.pdf: 1282060 bytes, checksum: 57d59b56ab76e5492f4ea3221fed507f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-22T13:34:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucivaldo Breves da Silva.pdf: 1282060 bytes, checksum: 57d59b56ab76e5492f4ea3221fed507f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-22T13:38:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucivaldo Breves da Silva.pdf: 1282060 bytes, checksum: 57d59b56ab76e5492f4ea3221fed507f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T13:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucivaldo Breves da Silva.pdf: 1282060 bytes, checksum: 57d59b56ab76e5492f4ea3221fed507f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-28 / Não informada / This research deals with the economic valuation of environmental assets derived from reforestation of the city of Manaus. Was drawn from the following guiding problematic: the urban population of the city of Manaus-AM realizes the value associated with environmental assets derived from reforestation of public thoroughfares of the city? The study was structured based on the following general objective: to show whether people realize the economic value associated with environmental assets arising from urban trees in Manaus. As an outcome, were outlined specific objectives of the work: check if there willingness to pay on the part of the respondents with regard to urban areas of Manaus; determine the value of willingness to pay for the environmental benefits of urban trees in Manaus; relate cause effect of socioeconomic variable in relation to the value of willingness to pay estimated. Was taken as a starting point two hypotheses: H0: the population of Manaus did not realize the economic value of environmental assets derived from reforestation of the city of Manaus (WTP = 0); H1: the population of Manaus realize the economic value of environmental assets derived from reforestation of the city of Manaus (WTP ≠ 0). To estimate the DAP questionnaires to a group of 270 respondents, applied the six administrative districts of the city of Manaus-AM, involving selected aged above 18 years were applied. The WTP values suggested were estimated based on a pre-test in which the respondent stipulated the monetary value that would be willing to pay. The estimate of DAP was made from the use of linear models probability (MPL), and logistical probit (model Iogit), as well as logit model. As for the results, it was found that the population perceives the economic value associated with environmental assets arising from urban trees in Manaus, with a median value of willingness to pay for the environmental benefits of urban trees of R $ 39.53 monthly, for interviewee. The findings also showed that among all variables considered, only age was introduced as a determinant for the willingness of respondents to accept the DAP. / Esta pesquisa trata da valoração econômica de ativos ambientais provenientes da arborização da cidade de Manaus, AM. Foi elaborada a partir da seguinte problemática norteadora: a população urbana da cidade de Manaus-AM percebe o valor associado aos ativos ambientais proveniente da arborização dos logradouros público da cidade? O estudo foi estruturado com base no seguinte objetivo geral: evidenciar se a população percebe o valor econômico associado aos ativos ambientais decorrentes da arborização urbana da cidade de Manaus. Como desdobramento, foram delineados como objetivos específicos do trabalho: verificar se existia disposição a pagar, por parte dos entrevistados no que diz respeito à arborização urbana da cidade de Manaus; determinar o valor da disposição a pagar pelos benefícios ambientais da arborização urbana na cidade de Manaus; relacionar a causa efeito da variável socioeconômica em relação ao valor de disposição a pagar estimado. Tomou-se como ponto de partida duas hipóteses: H0: a população de Manaus não percebe valor econômico dos ativos ambientais provenientes da arborização da cidade de Manaus (disposição a pagar = 0); H1: a população de Manaus percebe valor econômico dos ativos ambientais provenientes da arborização da cidade de Manaus (disposição a pagar ≠0). Para estimar o DAP foram aplicados questionários a um grupo de 270 entrevistados, aplicados nas seis zonas administrativas da cidade de Manaus-AM, envolvendo pessoas selecionadas na faixa etária acima de 18 anos. Os valores de DAP sugeridos foram estimados com base num pré-teste, no qual o entrevistado estipulou o valor monetário que estaria disposto a pagar. A estimativa de DAP foi feita a partir do emprego dos modelos de probabilidade linear (MPL), probit e logístico (Iogit model), bem como o modelo LOGIT. Quanto aos resultados, constatou-se que a população percebe o valor econômico associado aos ativos ambientais decorrentes da arborização urbana da cidade de Manaus, sendo o valor mediano da disposição a pagar pelos benefícios ambientais da arborização urbana de R$ 39,53 mensal, por entrevistado. Os achados também evidenciaram que dentre todas as variáveis consideradas, somente a idade apresentou-se como determinante para a disposição dos pesquisados em aceitar a DAP.

The Important Bird Areas (IBAs) network of BirdLife International aims to identify sites that are essential for the long-term conservation of the world’s avifauna. A number of global change events have the potential to negatively affect, either directly or indirectly, most bird species, biodiversity in general and associated ecological processes in these areas identified as IBAs. To assist conservation decisions, I assessed a suite of ten landscape scale anthropogenic pressures to 115 Important Bird Areas (IBAs) in South Africa, both those currently placing pressures on IBAs and those that constitute likely future vulnerability to transformation. These threats are combined with irreplaceability, a frequently used measure of conservation importance, to identify the suite of IBAs which are high priority sites for conservation interventions: those with high irreplaceability and are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic threats. A total of 22 (19%) of the South African IBAs are highly irreplaceable and are highly vulnerable to at least some of the pressures assessed. Afforestation, current and potential future patterns of alien plant invasions affect the largest number of highly irreplaceable IBAs. Only 9% of the area of highly irreplaceable IBAs is formally protected. A total of 81 IBAs (71%) are less than 5% degraded or transformed. This result, together with seven highly irreplaceable IBAs found outside of formally protected areas with lower human densities than expected by chance provides an ideal opportunity for conservation interventions. However, all the pressures assessed vary geographically, with no discernible systematic pattern that might assist conservation managers to design effective regional interventions. Furthermore, I used the newly emerging technique of ensemble forecasting to assess the impact of climate change on endemic birds in relation to the IBAs network. I used 50 endemic species, eight bioclimatic envelope models, four climate change models and two methods of transformation to presence or absence, which essentially creates 2400 projections for the years 2070-2100. The consensual projection shows that climate change impacts are very likely to be severe. The majority of species (62%) lose climatically suitable space and 99% of grid cells show species turnover. Five species lose at least 85% of climatically suitable space. The current locations of the South African Important Bird Areas network is very likely ineffective to conserve endemic birds under climate change along a “business a usual” emissions scenario. Many IBAs show species loss (41%; 47 IBAs) and species turnover (77%; 95 IBAs). However, an irreplaceability analysis identified mountainous regions in South Africa as irreplaceable refugia for endemic species, and some of these regions are existing IBAs. These IBAs should receive renewed conservation attention, as they have the potential to substantially contribute to a flexible conservation network under realistic scenarios of climate change. Considering all the global change threats assessed in this study, the Amersfoort-Bethal-Carolina District and the Grassland Biosphere Reserve (IBA codes: SA018; SA020) are the key IBAs in South Africa for conservation prioritisation. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted

No description available.

Bare-root, container, and root production method (RPM™) seedlings of two oak species (Nuttall (Quercus texana Buckley), cherrybark (Q. pagoda Ell.)) were planted on lands damaged by Hurricane Katrina in southern Mississippi to compare the height growth, groundline diameter growth and survival of the different planting stocks. Tree shelters were applied to half of the bare-root seedlings to determine their effect on the height and groundline diameter growth and survival of the seedlings. RPM seedlings exhibited significantly greater height and groundline diameter growth than bare-root or container seedlings after one growing season. Bare-root seedlings exhibited significantly greater height and groundline diameter growth than container seedlings. Tree shelters significantly increased height growth of bare-root seedlings; however, sheltered bare-root seedlings exhibited significantly less groundline diameter growth than non-sheltered seedlings. Cherrybark oak exhibited greater height growth than Nuttall oak, while Nuttall oak exhibited greater groundline diameter growth than cherrybark across all planting stocks.

No description available.