Proefschrift-- Groningen. / "Lijs van geraadpleegde werke": p. [iii]-vii.

Proefschrift--Amsterdam. / "Lys van geraadpleegde werke": p. [431]-445.

Thesis (DLitt (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / This study reports on a metalexicographical investigation into contextual guidance in Afrikaans translation dictionaries. The problem that gives rise to the need for such an investigation is demonstrated from a practical perspective, after which attention is paid to determining the genuine purpose of a dictionary by looking at the component parts of the concept, i.e. the typological placement and the target user group of the dictionary in question. The discussion of the target user group evolves into an in-depth look at the user aspect, which results in the development and presentation of the model of lexicographical parameters for user-friendly dictionaries. This model aims to provide a scientific description of lexicographical user friendliness. Existing proposed definitions of the genuine purpose of a dictionary coupled with the benefit of insights derived from the model of lexicographical parameters for user-friendly dictionaries make the presentation of a new definition of the genuine purpose of a (translation) dictionary possible, which is followed by defining a polyfunctional translation dictionary for Southern Africa. Attention is also paid to some macrostructural issues pertaining to standard translation dictionaries, among others vertical and horizontal alphabetical macrostructures and niching and nesting as manifestations of horizontal alphabetical macrostructures. With regard to nesting, the classification of first and second level nesting is expanded by the description of third and fourth level nesting. The influence of the organisation plan and the dictionary conceptualisation plan on the selection of lexical items for the macrostructure of a standard dictionary is touched upon. An in-depth evaluation of contextual guidance in Afrikaans standard translation dictionaries follows the exposition of the rationale for it and the definitions of the terms context, contextualisation and contextual guidance. The discussion produces the identification of the types of contextualising entries, among others meaning explanations, lexicographical labels and glosses, which fall under the main class of discriminators and which in turn functions alongside the main classes of cotext entries and inserted texts. Each type and subtype is studied meticulously, and distribution structures are determined and evaluated through the study of dictionary data. The study of the data also results in the identification of different levels of contextualisation as well as different types of translation equivalent paradigms. The discussion of lexicographical labels takes on the form of a critical overview of the existing literature on this topic and results in the presentation of a new and scientifically sounder model for the description of labelling in dictionaries in general, i.e. the deixis model. The study of contextualising entries is followed by a discussion of certain elements of the composition of dictionary articles that can support successful contextual guidance, i.e. types of microstructures and the rapid internal access structure. The in-depth study of contextualisation makes the revision of the definition for the term contextualising entry possible. Ultimately a practical model for more effective contextual guidance in polyfunctional Afrikaans translation dictionaries is presented in three main components, i.e. (i) standards for the application of contextual entries, (ii) the proposal of an adapted rapid internal access structure, and (iii) the effective application of functional types of microstructures. The requirements of lexicographical accountability and user-friendliness remain central motives throughout the study.

Thesis (DLitt (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / Prior to 1990, autobiographical texts have received little attention within the cadre of South African literary science, because they, by tradition, have not been regarded as part of “high” literature or of the canon. In spite of this, autobiography has been claiming an increasingly important position in literary studies in postapartheid South Africa. This study focuses on the hybrid forms of South African autobiographical texts published since 1990 and on the manner in which the autobiographical self is represented and constructed in these texts. The following autobiographical texts are discussed in the study: Breyten Breytenbach‟s Return to Paradise and Dog Heart, Hennie Aucamp‟s triptych of diaries, Gekaapte Tyd, Allersiele and Skuinslig, Rian Malan‟s My Traitor‟s Heart, Antjie Krog‟s Country of My Skull and ‟n Ander Tongval, Abraham Phillips‟s Die Verdwaalde Land, and A.H.M. Scholtz‟s Vatmaar. Their self-referential texts are analysed on the basis of theoretical consideration of different autobiographical forms, such as travel writing, the diary, essay, memoire, testimonio, autoethnography and the autobiographical novel. The studied autobiographical texts resist categorisation under a single genre and thereby demonstrate their generic hybridity. These heterogeneous and hybrid autobiographical forms reflect the inner struggle of the autobiographers in their continuous search for an appropriate form of self-representation in the new South Africa. Through the self-representation of the South African autobiographers, the re-confirmation of their ethnic and cultural identities gives form to a strategic positioning of their own collective identity and a future agency for rehabilitating the collective self within the new South African community. They are seen to be manifesting their cultural identity on the one hand, while attempting to position this identity within the multicultural South African society on the other. The study presents the hybridity of identities, as well as of the genre, which characterises contemporary South African autobiographical writing as a measure of the dynamic process of change (at political, sociocultural and personal levels) in postapartheid South Africa.

Thesis (PhD (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Medisynevoubiljette (MVB’s) is bekend vir hulle gebrek aan toeganklikheid. Dit word veral dan ook ’n ernstige aangeleentheid indien talle mense siek word en selfs onnodig sterf as gevolg van nie-nakoming of wanbegrip van die instruksies wat in hierdie dokumente voorsien word. Dit is logisties onmoontlik om ’n direkte verband te bewerkstellig tussen nie-nakoming en die tekortkoming van spesifieke mediese voubiljette. Dit is in beginsel ook moontlik om die MVB uit te skakel as moontlike oorsaak van nie-nakoming. Daarom word die beoogde funksies van die voubiljet bepaal, en ondersoekmetodes toegepas om die kwaliteit daarvan te bepaal. Sodoende word tekortkominge in hierdie dokumente teen die beoogde funksie van die dokumente blootgelê en word ruimte geskep vir die herontwerp van die dokumente. Die vakgebied Dokumentontwerp erken verskillende ondersoekmetodes wat op ’n kontinuum tussen teksgerig en lesergerig geplaas word. In hierdie studie word ’n teksgerigte studie uitgevoer deur middel van ’n kontrolelys wat opgestel is om die tekortkominge in medisynevoubiljette bloot te lê. Die teoretiese raamwerk waarbinne dit geskied is die Funksionele en die Sistemies Funksionele Linguistiek. ’n Kenmerk van dié raamwerk is dat dit genre betrek as die struktuur waarbinne dokumente opgestel en evalueer kan word. Die elemente van genre, naamlik register – met inbegrip van die konsepte diskoersveld, tenoor en modus - en kommunikatiewe doelwit, speel ’n belangrike rol hier en omvat beginsels waarby dokumentontwerpstudies kan baat. Die indelingskriterium wat gebruik word vir die genreindeling is doelwit wat implikasies inhou vir die resultate van teksevaluering. Om die daadwerklike kommunikatiewe geslaagdheid van die dokument te bepaal, word ’n lesergerigte studie uitgevoer in die vorm van ’n vraelysondersoek. Hierdeur word die verband gelê tussen die uitsprake wat gelewer word na toepassing van ’n kontrolelys en hoe die leser die teks ervaar. Die kontrolelys stel praktiese kwessies op die voorgrond. Die voordeel van kontrolelyste is dat hulle “Ja”- of “Nee”-antwoorde uitlok wat die evalueerder help om die resultate te kwantifiseer. Daar is ’n magdom faktore wat inwerk op ’n evalueerder se besluit om “Ja” of “Nee” te antwoord daarom moet die antwoorde gewoonlik gekwalifiseer word. Dit is juis in die kwalisering van antwoorde dat die kwantifiseerbare aspek daarvan ondermyn word. Daarom moet die stellings wat vir die kontrolelys geld, voorskriftelik wees. Voorskriftelikheid suggereer veralgemening wat die doel van die ondersoek kan verbysteek. Daarom is daar in die stellings probeer om soveel as moontlik van die omstandighede waaronder “Ja” of “Nee” geantwoord kan word te ondervang. Dit sorg ook in ’n mate vir die kwalitatiewe aspek van die studie. Die kwalitatiewe aspek word verder akkommodeer deur ruimte vir bespreking van die faktore wat teksopstellers se keuses inperk en vir aanbevelings vir verbetering van die stellings. Die benadering neem die polisentriese aard van besluitneming deur teksopstellers in ag. Die studie is bedryfsgerig. Die farmaseutiese bedryf erken die behoefte aan kommunikasie wat spesifiek op die leek gerig is. Daarom is daar deur die bedryf ’n studie geloods waarvoor bepaalde lesergerigte pasiëntinligtingsdokumete geskep is. Die bedryfsaspek van hierdie studie is in die vergelyking tussen hierdie tekstipe, wat die PID genoem word, en die MVB. Daar is ook opsigte waarin die PID verbeter kan word. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pharmaceutical package inserts are renowned for their lack of accessibility. This can prompt a serious situation when people become ill and even die unnecessarily as a result of noncompliance with or misunderstanding of the instructions provided in these documents. It is logistically impossible to establish a direct relationship between non-compliance and the deficiencies of any given package insert. In principle it is possible to eliminate the pharmaceutical package insert as the possible cause of non-compliance. For this reason the envisaged functions of the inserts are established and research methods applied to determine their quality. In this way deficiencies in the document are exposed against the envisaged function of the document and the ground is prepared for these documents to be redesigned. The field Document Design recognizes various research methods which occupy different positions on the continuum between text orientation and reader orientation. In this study the text orientated study is conducted by means of a checklist that has been compiled to expose the shortcomings of pharmaceutical package inserts. The theoretical framework within which the study is undertaken is Functional and Systemic Functional Linguistics. A feature of this framework is that it involves genre as the structure within which documents are compiled and evaluated. The elements of genre, namely register – including the concepts field, tenor and mode – and communicative goals, play an important role here and incorporate concepts from which document design studies can benefit. The criterion for categorizing texts into genres is goal which has implications for the results of text evaluation. In order to determine the actual communicative success of a document, a reader orientated study is conducted in the form of a questionnaire. In this way the relationship between the findings after the application of the checklist and how the reader actually experiences the text is revealed. The checklist brings practical issues to the fore. The advantage of a checklist is that it invites “Yes” or “No” answers which help the evaluator to quantify the results. There is a multitude of factors influencing the evaluator’s decision to choose “Yes” or “No” and therefore the answers usually have to be qualified. It is in this qualification of the answer that the quantification is undermined. Therefore the statements that are valid for the checklist must be prescriptive. Prescriptiveness suggests generalisation which can go beyond the objective of the study. An attempt has therefore been made to preempt the circumstances under which “Yes” or “No” would be an appropriate answer. This, to some extent, takes care of the qualitative aspect of the study. The qualitative aspect is further accommodated by allowing space for the discussion of those factors that restricted the choices of text compilers and for the recommendations for improvement of the statements. The approach takes the polycentric nature of decision making by the text compiler into account. The study is industry orientated. The pharmaceutical industry acknowledges the need for communication that is specifically aimed at the lay person. For this reason the industry launched a study for the purposes of which a Patient Information Leaflet was compiled. The industry orientated part of this study resides in the comparison between this text type, called the PIL, and the existing package insert. There are areas in which the PIL too can be improved.

Thesis (MA.(Afrikaans))-Universiteit van Pretoria, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (MPhil (Afruikaans and Dutch))—University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / This descriptive case study is based on the translation of the first part of Alexander McCall Smith’s book, The No.1 Ladies’ Detective Agency, into Afrikaans. Examples of the type of translational problems that this translator experienced, as well as the strategies that were implemented to solve these problems, are discussed in an accompanying annotation. In this way the translator has attempted to explain her thought and decision-making processes during the translation process. Various concepts from translation studies theory, including foreignization and domestication, are discussed with reference to the practical translation, and support the solutions suggested for translational problems. This translator mainly used a foreignizing approach, although some degree of domestication was inevitable at times in order to avoid the alienation of target readers from the target text. The required characteristics of the target text and the knowledge and cultural background of the target readers are therefore also discussed, as both these factors played a defining role during the translation process. The need for Afrikaans literature between the so-called “high literature” and light romantic fiction is discussed, as this contributed to the choice of source text: according to this translator the translation of The No.1 Ladies’ Detective Agency into Afrikaans will be able to help fill this gap. Although this translator understands that financial restrictions play a large role in publishers’ reluctance to publish translations, the statement is made that they should not accept without further ado that an Afrikaans translation will result in a financial loss if no research has been done into the possibilities of that specific translation. Recommendations regarding market research are made and the possibility of future study is indicated.

Thesis (MPhil) -- Stellenbosch University, 2012. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpreting services in the Parliament of South Africa (POSA). The impetus to embark on such an investigation arose after Members of Parliament claimed that the interpreting service in the Parliament of South Africa (POSA) is poor. In seeking to determine why Members of Parliament made such claims, I therefore investigated the interpreting service rendered by staff of Parliament’s Interpreting Unit. Consequently, an investigation to whether the simultaneous interpreters currently employed by Parliament of South Africa possess the amalgam of skills attributes and qualifications necessary for them to render an interpreting service of good quality. Questionnaires were distributed to Members of Parliament and to interpreters, interviews were conducted with Control Language Practitioners (CLPs), observation of recruitment panels for interpreters also followed, and interpreters were recorded during the sitting of Parliament House in an attempt to check whether interpreters do deliver an interpreting service that is up to standard. The results of this study show that Members of Parliament have a valid claim as 65% of the sample of interpreters had joined Parliament without interpreting skills and had, to date, never been sent for interpreting training and most interpreters are demoralised by the working conditions of the Language Services Section at the Parliament of South Africa.

Thesis (MA)-- Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The establishment of literary festivals as a type of event that is presented both nationally and internationally has expanded tremendously in recent years, but it has not as yet received the necessary attention to fully understand its impact on and sociocultural function in a host community. This thesis attempts to formulate a working definition for the phenomenon, in order to gain more insight in its sociocultural function and impact in a host community and thus to contribute towards a more substantial discourse on the subject. The hypothesis is firstly that literary festivals come into existence due to specific needs in the host society and secondly that the strategic application of rhetorical strategies have a positive sociocultural impact. It is argumented that literary festivals function according to the principles of Aristotle’s rhetoric, by convincing festival visitors that books, reading, writing, debating and freedom of speech are of great aesthetic, moral and educational value. The eventual aim is to cause festival visitors to show greater appreciation for literary texts, as illustrated by their increased participation in reading, writing and other literary activities. The following theories serve as points of departure: the system theory as expounded by Itamar Even-Zohar, Gerard Hauser’s application of rhetorics to the public sphere, the ritual theories of Victor Turner and Jeremy Boissevain, as well as festival theories by Mikhail Bakhtin, Donald Getz, Henri Schoenmakers, Paul Kaptein, William Sauter, Don Handelman, Temple Hauptfleisch and Michael Kamp. The programmes, festival contents and other relevant texts that form part of two selected literary festivals, i.e. the Stellenbosch University’s (SU) Wordfest (Woordfees) and the Amsterdam Weerwoordfestival, are scrutinised in order to prove that these festivals are strategically constructed to have a persuasive effect on festivalgoers. A festival’s survival and sustainability is determinated by its establishment of a strong own character; good management (also in times of crisis); effective networks; and the persuasion of both target groups and interest groups that supporting the festival is to their own advantage. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die literêre fees, as tipe gebeurtenis wat toenemend nasionaal én internasionaal aangebied word, het tot dusver min aandag van navorsers geniet. Ten einde die sosio-kulturele funksie en krag daarvan in ’n gasheergemeenskap te probeer vasstel en te omskryf, asook om by te dra tot ’n meer omvangryke diskoers oor hierdie fenomeen, word bestaande teorieë oor feeste in die algemeen dus in hierdie studie as vertrekpunt gebruik en aangepas by literêre feeste. Die hipotese is eerstens dat literêre feeste ontstaan in reaksie op behoeftes in die gasheergemeenskap en tweedens dat die aanwending van retoriese strategieë in literêre feeste ’n positiewe sosio-kulturele impak tot gevolg kan hê. Na aanleiding van Aristoteles se uitgangspunte oor die retorika word voorgestel dat die funksie en werking van literêre feeste retories van aard is: Die organiseerders wil feesdeelnemers oorreed dat lees, skryf, debattering en vrye meningswisseling esteties, opvoedkundig en moreel waardevol is, om sodoende ’n groter belangstelling in en deelname aan literêre aktiwiteite te probeer bewerkstellig. Die volgende teoretici se uitgangspunte word veral gebruik: dié van Itamar Even-Zohar oor die sisteemteorie, Gerard Hauser se toepassing van die retorika op ’n openbare sfeer, ritueelteorieë deur Victor Turner en Jeremy Boissevain, sowel as feesteorieë van Mikhail Bakhtin, Donald Getz, Henri Schoenmakers, Paul Kaptein, William Sauter, Don Handelman, Temple Hauptfleisch en Michael Kamp. Deur ’n vergelykende studie van die ruimer konteks, feesprogramme en ander relevante tekste wat deel uitmaak van twee literêre feeste, naamlik die Universiteit Stellenbosch Woordfees en die Amsterdamse Weerwoordfestival, word nagegaan hoe hierdie feeste strategies en oorredend funksioneer deurdat beide literêre én nie-literêre elemente geselekteer (inventio) en gekombineer (dispositio) is om ’n sterker positiewe eventiserende betekenis oor te dra as in die alledaagse lewe. Die gevolgtrekking is dat effektiewe retoriese strategieë sterk afhanklik is van die konteks waarbinne feeste plaasvind. Die voortbestaan en volhoubaarbaarheid van literêre feeste word veral bepaal deur die vestiging van ’n sterk eie identiteit; goeie bestuur (ook in krisisse); doeltreffende netwerke, asook deur die oorreding van beide teikengroepe én belanghebbers dat hulle wen deur die fees te ondersteun.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this descriptive study, the rewriting of translated politically coloured texts on News24.com is investigated. Afrikaans articles, which were originally published in Die Burger, Beeld and Volksblad, are selected and then translated for the English target text reader. This reader does not necessarily differ from the source text reader in terms of geography and culture, but in terms of his or her past and the emotional baggage, such as the era of apartheid and the guilt that the white Afrikaans person has to carry. While it is claimed that the articles from the above-mentioned dailies are merely translated paragraph for paragraph for the purpose of being published online on News24, a lot more happens to the text. The texts are edited, rewritten, reshaped and repackaged to be presented in a new context. The target text is studied to establish whether it is rewritten with an ideological purpose in mind and what adaptations are made to achieve an ideological influence. Lexical and other linguistic means are used to reframe a text and present it differently in the target text. The way in which a post apartheid South Africa is being presented in the English texts (as opposed to the Afrikaans print version) is the focus of the study. The hypothesis is that the News24 rewriter’s purpose is to send an adapted ideological message with the text. These conclusions are being drawn based on narrative theory and the concepts of frames. This theory as well as other relevant theories form a framework according to which one can study and compare the texts and the rewriting of the source texts. While the literal changes made for practical reasons such as readability are broadly discussed, the focus is on the ideological implications these lexical and other linguistic adaptations cause. Conclusions are then made according to the skopos of News24 with the rewriting of the texts, namely to represent the image of a post apartheid South Africa more negatively than it is represented in the source text. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie beskrywende studie word die herskrywing van vertaalde polities gekleurde berigte wat op News24.com verskyn, ondersoek. Afrikaanse berigte wat oorspronklik gepubliseer is in Die Burger, Beeld en Volksblad, word gekies en dan vertaal vir die Engelse doelteksleser. Hierdie leser verskil nie noodwendig van die bronteksleser ten opsigte van geografie en kultuur nie, maar wel ten opsigte van sy of haar verlede en emosionele bagasie, soos die apartheidsera en die skuld wat die wit Afrikaanssprekende dra. Hoewel daar beweer word dat berigte uit die bogenoemde dagblaaie bloot paragraaf per paragraaf vir News24 vertaal word, gebeur daar heelwat meer met die teks. Die tekste word redigeer, herskryf, hervorm en herverpak sodat dit in ’n nuwe konteks aangebied kan word. Die doelteks word ondersoek om vas te stel of dit herskryf is en watter veranderinge, spesifiek ideologiese, die teks tydens hierdie herskryfproses ondergaan het. Leksikale en ander linguistiese middele word gebruik om ’n teks te herraam en anders uit te beeld as in die bronteks. Die wyse waarop die beeld van ’n postapartheid Suid-Afrika in die aanlyn Engelse berigte teenoor die gedrukte Afrikaanse berigte voorgestel word, word hier ondersoek. Die hipotese is dat die News24-herskrywer ten doel het om ’n aangepaste ideologiese boodskap met die herskrywing daarvan oor te dra. Hierdie afleidings word in verband gebring met die narratiefteorie en die konsep van rame. Hierdie teorie, asook ander teorieë, vorm ’n raamwerk om die vergelyking van die tekste en die herskrywing daarvan te ondersoek. Die meer letterlike leksikale aanpassings wat gemaak word vir praktiese doeleindes, soos leesbaarheid, word eerstens bespreek. Daarna word die aanpassings wat gemaak word ter wille van ’n ideologiese motivering bespreek. Afleidings word dan gemaak en in verband gebring met News24 se skopos of doel met die herskrywing van die tekste, naamlik om die beeld van die regering in ’n postapartheid Suid-Afrika negatiewer as die bronteks uit te beeld.