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Advancements in arch analysis and design during the Age of EnlightenmentGarrison, Emily January 1900 (has links)
Master of Science / Department of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science / Kimberly W. Kramer / Prior to the Age of Enlightenment, arches were designed by empirical rules based off of previous successes or failures. The Age of Enlightenment brought about the emergence of statics and mechanics, which scholars promptly applied to masonry arch analysis and design. Masonry was assumed to be infinitely strong, so the scholars concerned themselves mainly with arch stability. Early Age of Enlightenment scholars defined the path of the compression force in the arch, or the shape of the true arch, as a catenary, while most scholars studying arches used statics with some mechanics to idealize the behavior of arches. These scholars can be broken into two categories, those who neglected friction and those who included it. The scholars of the first half of the 18th century understood the presence of friction, but it was not able to be quantified until the second half of the century. The advancements made during the Age of Enlightenment were the foundation for structural engineering as it is known today. The statics and mechanics used by the 17th and 18th century scholars are the same used by structural engineers today with changes only in the assumptions made in order to idealize an arch. While some assumptions have proved to be incorrect, many correctly interpreted behavior and were able to formulate equations for design and analysis that were successfully used to create arches that were structurally sound and more efficient than arches designed by empirical methods. This insight into design during the 18th and 19th centuries can help modern engineers better analyze and restore arches from this era and protect our architectural and engineering history.
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Fluchtpunkt AufklärungSchneider, Ulrich Johannes 11 December 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Die kulturwissenschafdiche Behandlung der Aufklärung, wie sie in den letzten Jahren verstärkt zu beobachten ist, führe ich im Wesentlichen auf drei unterschiedliche und nicht zusammenhängende Grunde zurück. Der erste ist eine weltweite Umorientierung der Forschung im Bereich der Literaturwisscnschaften, der zweite liegt in einer Befreiung vom philosophisch-normativen Potential des Begriffs selbst und der dritte hat etwas mit der Einbeziehung von Medien aller Art zu tun.
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La théâtralité de l'écriture romanesque : Le paysan parvenu de MarivauxPoulin, Maria-Clara January 2008 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
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La théâtralité de l'écriture romanesque : Le paysan parvenu de MarivauxPoulin, Maria-Clara January 2008 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
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Fluchtpunkt AufklärungSchneider, Ulrich Johannes 11 December 2014 (has links)
Die kulturwissenschafdiche Behandlung der Aufklärung, wie sie in den letzten Jahren verstärkt zu beobachten ist, führe ich im Wesentlichen auf drei unterschiedliche und nicht zusammenhängende Grunde zurück. Der erste ist eine weltweite Umorientierung der Forschung im Bereich der Literaturwisscnschaften, der zweite liegt in einer Befreiung vom philosophisch-normativen Potential des Begriffs selbst und der dritte hat etwas mit der Einbeziehung von Medien aller Art zu tun.
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Nová pravice a její recepce Konzervativní revoluce Výmarské republiky na příkladu časopisu Sezession / New Right and its Reception of the Conservative Revolution in the Weimar Republic on the Example of the Magazin SezessionBaláková, Anna January 2021 (has links)
The presented thesis deals with the New Right in Germany and its current reception of the Conservative Revolution of the Weimar Republic. The thesis primarily focuses on the German New Right, which it aims to define by its references to ideological and political stances of the right-wing conservative and extremist movement of the Weimar Republic - the Conservative Revolution. Based on a detailed textual analysis of selected articles from the New Right's journal Sezession, the thesis presents the elementary worldviews of the New Right as well as its rhetoric and strategies. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the New Right perceives the central ideas of the Conservative Revolution (anti- enlightenment, anti-liberalism, anti-democracy, anti-parliamentarism, advocacy of an authoritarian state concept and promotion of a homogenous society) and how it implicitly or explicitly employs these ideas for its argumentation. The thesis proved that the worldviews of the Conservative Revolution nowadays still function as an ideological reservoir of the New Right, meaning also that the New Right is theoretically little innovative and takes over and passes on a large part of the ideas of the intellectuals of the Conservative Revolution, which are currently one hundred years old.
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«Человек письма» эпохи Просвещения: Сэмюэл Джонсон (1709-1784) : магистерская диссертация / "Man of letters" of the Age of Enlightenment: Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)Kosykh, T. A., Косых, Т. А. January 2014 (has links)
The master’s thesis is an attempt of reconstruction of the intellectual biography of famous English writer and lexicographer Samuel Johnson in the context of British history of the XVIII century. The author investigate a life path of the intellectual through a prism of such institute of sociability as family, church, school, institute and English club, based on the complex of Johnson’s writings and works of his contemporaries. The author emphasizes a problem of the formation of Johnson as professional writer, because the history of his literary successes was closely linked with main sociocultural processes, occurring in Britain of the XVIII century. Moreover in thesis author analyze a Johnson’s political views, using lexicographer’s political pamphlets and papers. / Магистерская диссертация представляет собой попытку реконструкции интеллектуальной биографии известного английского литератора и лексикографа Сэмюэла Джонсона в контексте британской истории XVIII века. Опираясь на комплекс сочинений С. Джонсона и его современников, автор исследует жизненный путь интеллектуала сквозь призму таких институтов социабельности как семья, церковь, школа, университет и английский клуб. Особое внимание автор уделяет проблеме становления Джонсона как профессионального писателя, поскольку история его литературных успехов была неразрывно связана с основными социокультурными процессами, происходившими в Британии XVIII века. Кроме того, в диссертации автор анализирует политические воззрения литератора, используя политические памфлеты и статьи С. Джонсона.
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Der livländische Historiker und Jurist Friedrich Konrad Gadebusch (1719-1788). Geschichte als Gedächtnis im Zeitalter der Aufklärung / The Livonian Historian and Jurist Friedrich Konrad Gadebusch (1719-1788). History as Memory in the Age of EnlightenmentKupffer, Christina 31 May 2001 (has links)
No description available.
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Quand le comment explique le pourquoi : les trois versions successives du "Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse" (1794, 1804, 1810) de Jean Potocki / When how explains why : The three versions of Manuscrit trouvé a Saragosse (1794, 1804, 1810) by Jean PotockiFrischknecht, Lorenz 18 February 2012 (has links)
L’histoire du texte a toujours accompagné la recherche sur le Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse, roman-somme de l’aristocrate polonais Jean Potocki (1761-1815). Mais elle ne peut pourtant pas expliquer pourquoi l’auteur en a rédigé trois versions successives. Ce que l’on peut dégager du texte, c’est la manière dont Potocki a modifié les versions dites de 1794, 1804 et 1810. Ainsi, si l’on compare minutieusement le texte et la structure des versions, on constate que certaines tendances de réajustements apparaissent à tous les niveaux de l’écriture : celui des mots, celui des phrases et celui des chapitres ou « journées ». À titre d’exemple, on peut citer la tendance à la concision, puisque les histoires racontées sont plus concentrées dans les versions remaniées. On peut mentionner aussi les modifications euphoniques ou rythmiques, qui sont perceptibles si l’on compare entre eux les mots choisis par l’auteur et qui permettent d’établir plusieurs synthèses concernant les refontes de la structure globale du roman. / The history of text has never failed to accompany the researches about Manuscrit trouvé a Saragosse, monumental novel by the Polish aristocrat Jean Potocki (1761-1815). Still it does not explain why the author has written three successive versions. The only differences you can read out of the text is the way Potocki has modified each version of the novel (1794, 1804, 1810). A careful comparison of text and structure of each version show certain tendencies of reworking at all levels of writing: that of words, the sentences and the chapters or “journées”. One of these tendencies for example is the concision, as the stories in the modified versions are told more concentrated. Also euphonic and rhythmic changes may be mentioned here: they appear in comparison with the words chosen by the author and allow further syntheses with the revision of the entire novel structure.
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Révolution et figaromania. Réception, usages et significations du théâtre de Beaumarchais (XVIIIe-XIXe siècles) / Revolution and Figaromania : The reception, roles and meanings of Beaumarchais’ plays throughout the 18th and 19th centuriesYvernault, Virginie 17 November 2017 (has links)
Beaumarchais n’est pas seulement un dramaturge célèbre du XVIIIe siècle, c’est avant tout le père de Figaro, cette figure familière qui s’invite dans le débat public dès qu’il est question de liberté d’expression ou de lutte contre l’injustice. Récusant le concept de mythe, dont les études de réception sont friandes, cette étude s’interroge sur la manière dont l’usage systématique de Figaro dans des domaines extra-littéraires détermine l’ensemble du discours critique sur Beaumarchais. Aux origines de la figaromania, il y a un parcours de la subversion à l’institutionnalisation, qui s’opère à la fin du XIXe siècle, lorsque la Révolution « entre au port », avec l’avènement des républicains. Cette enquête propose donc une histoire de la réception qui puisse montrer la convergence entre les significations d’une œuvre appartenant au patrimoine national et les multiples usages et appropriations dont elle fait l’objet, envisagés dans leur diversité à l’échelle européenne. / Beaumarchais is not only a famous 18th century playwright, but first and foremost the architect of Figaro; the well-known character who slides his way into the public debate as soon as liberty of expression or the fight against injustice is evoked. Challenging the idea of a myth, endorsed by other reception studies, this study analyses how the systematic use of Figaro outside the literary domain shapes the entire critical discourse on Beaumarchais. At the origins of figaromania, there is a transition from subversion to ‘institutionalisation’ at the end of the 19th century as the French Revolution came to an end, with the arrival of the Republicans. Therefore, this study proposes a historical context of the reception of Beaumarchais’ work, at the European level, that shows the convergence between the meaning of an oeuvre that belongs to the national cultural heritage and the many different roles and appropriations that this oeuvre assumes.
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