In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden verschiedene Methoden zur Bestimmung von Sintertemperaturen für Brennstoffaschen vorgestellt und verglichen, mit dem Ziel die Agglomerationsneigung von Aschen zu charakterisieren. Es wurden Untersuchungen an drei ausgewählten Kohleaschen unter inerten, oxidierenden und reduzierenden Bedingungen durchgeführt. Die Methoden Erhitzungsmikroskopie (ASV), Hochtemperatur-Röntgendiffraktometrie (HT-RDA), Thermogravimetrische Differenz-kalorimetrie (TG-DSC), Thermodynamische Gleichgewichtsberechnungen (GGW), Elektrochemische Impedanzspektroskopie (EIS), Untersuchung der Schereigenschaften (SV) und die Bestimmung der Kaltdruckfestigkeit (KDF) wurden angewendet. Die Kombination der Untersuchungen ließ eine umfangreiche analytische Charakterisierung der Sintervorgänge zu. Unter der Berücksichtigung einer guten Vergleichbarkeit hinsichtlich der ermittelten Sintertemperaturen, stellt die EIS eine Alternative zur etablierten aber zeitaufwändigen Bestimmung der KDF dar. In Abhängigkeit von der Aschezusammensetzung, der Korngröße und der Gasatmosphäre, ist bereits ab einer Temperatur von 650 °C eine Agglomeration von Aschepartikeln möglich.

Les activités logistiques sont des leviers de la performance des systèmes productifs ainsi que d’importants générateurs d’emplois. Néanmoins, par les flux qu’elles impliquent ainsi que par les fixités qui la soutiennent (infrastructures, équipements, bâtiments, etc.), ces activités sont des sources de nuisances pour les territoires. Afin d’attirer les activités logistiques tout en limitant leurs nuisances, les acteurs publics – particulièrement locaux – y déclinent un certain nombre d’outils de régulation. Une politique publique est particulièrement mobilisée à cet effet, encouragée par l’exigence de report modal qu’implique le nouveau référentiel guidant l’action publique fondé sur la durabilité : la zone d’activité logistique, zone économique avec ses équipements propres aménagée en vue d’accueillir des activités logistiques.Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’articulation entre ces politiques d’aménagement et les dynamiques de développement économique des territoires. La première partie de ce travail met notamment en évidence trois rôles distincts que peuvent jouer ces zones d’activité logistique, deux rôles externes directs et indirects, et un rôle interne. Par la mobilisation de différentes méthodes et données originales, la deuxième partie de ce travail vise à tester la validité empirique de ces rôles. Le résultat majeur de ce travail de thèse est qu’en raison de la nature de l’activité logistique – qui s’inscrit dans des chaînes et des réseaux élargis – les retombées économiques indirectes imputables aux zones d’activité logistique sont relativement faibles / Logistics activities are fundamental leverages for the productive systems’ efficiency, but also create a lot of jobs. However, logistics activities induce negative externalities: first, by the flows created by these activities, then by the facilities supporting it (infrastructures, equipment, buildings, etc.). To attract logistics activities, while reducing negative externalities, local public authorities use a certain number of regulatory tools. To that extent, a public policy is mostly used, pushed forward by modal report necessity linked with sustainable development: the logistics center, which is an area equipped in order to host logistics activities.This thesis focuses on the articulation between planning policies and regional economic development. The first part brings to light different roles played by logistics centers: two external roles, direct and indirect, and one internal. By using original methods and data, the second part of this thesis aims to test the validity of these different roles. The major result of this work is that by nature of logistics activities – which take part in enlarged chains and networks – the wider economic impacts of logistics centers are low

La dynamique d'ajustement structurel dans le secteur laitier en France est l'une des plus fortes de tous les secteurs agricoles avec des rythmes particulièrement élevés de disparition des exploitations et de croissance de la taille moyenne par exploitation. Cette dynamique est hétérogène dans l'espace, les régions les plus touchées sont celles où la densité laitière est faible à l'origine, celles qui résistent sont celles où la densité est élevée et où un tissu industriel est bien développé. Ces mouvements ont eu lieu malgré une politique agricole qui a cherché, au travers de multiples instruments (quota laitier, soutien des prix, aides directes…), à limiter ces mouvements et à maintenir la production laitière sur une grande partie du territoire français. Les modifications à venir de ces instruments risquent de modifier le paysage laitier jusqu'ici connu, et ainsi d'affecter la localisation et la structure des exploitations laitières. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'analyser les déterminants de la croissance et de la localisation des exploitations laitières, d'identifier quels sont ceux qui renforcent la croissance et l'agglomération des exploitations et ceux qui ont tendance à limiter cette croissance et à disperser les exploitations et la production. Pour ce faire, nous avons dans un premier temps, estimé, en utilisant la méthode de chaînes de Markov, l'impact de certains facteurs économiques et politiques, sur les changements de taille des exploitations laitières. Dans un deuxième temps, à l'aide des méthodes d'économétrie spatiale, nous avons introduit une dimension spatiale à cette analyse afin d'appréhender les différences régionales (départementales) et de détecter d'éventuels effets d'agglomération. Dans un troisième temps, nous avons intégré de manière originale un modèle dynamique spatial récursif au modèle de Markov non-stationnaire afin de mesurer la distribution de la taille des exploitations selon la localisation en prenant en compte les interactions entre localisations. Ces différentes méthodes ont permis de montrer que les externalités positives liées à l'agglomération des exploitations laitières sont des facteurs prépondérants dans la détermination non seulement de la localisation mais aussi de la taille des exploitations laitières. Les externalités pécuniaires et les relations marchandes d'amont et d'aval ainsi que les prix des inputs et des outputs sont tout aussi importants dans la détermination de ces dynamiques. Les politiques agricoles, ici considérées au travers des aides directes du premier et second pilier, ont un impact assez faible dans l'ajustement structurel des exploitations laitières, seules les dotations à l'installation des jeunes s'avèrent très significatives et positivement liées à la localisation et la croissance des exploitations laitières. Les réglementations environnementales ont un effet plutôt dispersif des exploitations laitières et ceci particulièrement pour les grandes. Les activités concurrentes de l'activité laitière ont également un effet négatif sur la localisation des exploitations laitières mais cet effet s'estompe avec l'augmentation de la taille des exploitations. / Structural change in French dairy sector is one of the most important in agriculture with high rates of decreasing in the number of farms and increasing average farm size. This structural change is heterogeneous in space; the regions the most affected are those which are not traditional dairy producing. The regions which resist are the traditional dairy ones where dairying is highly developed. Agricultural policy instruments (dairy quota, price support, direct payments…) have affected those changes while trying to maintain the dairy production on a large part of France. The modifications to come of those instruments could modify the dairy farm location and structure. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the determinants of dairy farm growth and location, to identify which are those they foster growth and agglomeration of dairy farms and those they tend to slow down this growth and disperse dairy farms. To do so, we firstly estimate, using the non stationary Markov model, the impact of some economic and policy factors on the size farm distribution. Secondly, by means of the methods of spatial econometrics, we introduce a spatial dimension in this analysis to deal with regional differences and detect a possible effect of agglomeration externalities. Thirdly, we integrate a spatial dynamic recursive component to the non stationary Markov model. This allows us to model the effects of factors influencing the number, the size and the location of the dairy farms and to take account of interaction between locations. Those different methods allow us to show that agglomeration externalities are very important in the determination of the farm location as well as the growth of farm size. Pecuniary externalities and forward and backward linkages as well as the market prices are also determinant factors affecting farm structure and location. Agricultural policies, namely second pillar direct payments have a rather low impact in the structural adjustment of dairy farms. However subsidies to installation of young farmers are highly significant and positively related to farm growth and location. Environmental stringency seems to negatively affect dairy farm location and especially medium and large sized ones. Other livestock activities seem to compete with dairy farms especially smaller ones.

This master thesis deals with the availability of civic infrastructure in Prague agglomeration areas which were affected by residential suburbanization. Suburbanization process but also the demography of the population affected dynamically growing population which caused many municipalities lack the capacity of civic amenities. The aim of this master thesis is to describe and assess the impact of suburbanization on the scope and availability of civic amenities in the villages located near the capital city of Prague. This paper summarizes the situation in the suburbanized areas of the Czech Republic. However, important parts of the paper are also the theories that address the issue of suburbanization and their influence in other countries. Moreover, case studies that were conducted in two selected villages of the district of Prague-West, in Libčice nad Vltavou and in Horoměřice are included. The analysis show that the inadequate infrastructural facilities are being experienced in large part suburbanized municipalities. Data from available statistical databases and from personal interviews that were conducted with representatives from selected communities were used to compose this paper.

Ce travail de thèse porte sur la modélisation et la simulation numérique de la collision et l'agglomération de particules colloïdales dans un écoulement fluide turbulent par une nouvelle méthode. Ces particules sont sensibles dans une même mesure aux effets brownien et turbulent. La première partie du travail concerne la modélisation du phénomène physique,allant du transport des particules jusqu'à la modélisation des forces d'adhésion physico-chimiques en passant par l'étape cruciale qui est la détection des interactions entre les particules (collisions). Cette détection des collisions est dans un premier temps étudiée par rapport aux algorithmes classiques existants dans la littérature. Bien que très efficaces dans le cadre de particules soumises à l'agitation turbulente, les conclusions de cette partie exposent les limites des méthodes existantes en termes de coûts numériques, pour le traitement d'un ensemble de colloïdes soumis au mouvement brownien. La seconde partie du travail oriente alors les travaux vers une vision novatrice du phénomène physique considéré. Le caractère diffusif aléatoire est alors considéré d'un point de vu stochastique, comme un processus conditionné dans l'espace et dans le temps. Ainsi, une nouvelle méthode de détection et de traitement des collisions de particules soumises exclusivement à un mouvement diffusif est présentée et validée, exposant un gain considérable en termes de coûts numériques. Le potentiel de cette nouvelle approche est validé et ouvre de nombreuses pistes de réflexion dans l'utilisation des méthodes stochastiques appliqués à la représentation de la physique / Ph.D thesis focuses on modeling and numerical simulation of collision and agglomeration of colloidal particles in a turbulent flow by using a new method. These particles are affected by both Brownian and turbulent effects. The first part of the work deals with current models of the physical phenomenon, from the transport of single particles to a model for physico-chemical adhesive forces, and points out the critical step which is the detection of interactions between particles (collisions). This detection is initially studied by applying classical algorithms existing in the literature. Although they are very efficient in the context of particles subject to turbulent agitation, first conclusions show the limitations of these existing methods in terms of numerical costs, considering the treatment of colloids subject to the Brownian motion. The second part of this work proposes a new vision of the physical phenomenon focusing on the random diffusive behaviour. This issue is adressed from a stochastic point of view as a process conditionned in space and time. Thus, a new method for the detection and treatment of collisions is presented and validated, which represents considerable gain in terms of numerical cost. The potential of this new approach is validated and opens new opportunities for the use of stochastic methods applied to the representation of physics

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-10T18:48:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação completa.pdf: 8076647 bytes, checksum: 5dc16e9ca5f10026afed3fda08fda16b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:48:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação completa.pdf: 8076647 bytes, checksum: 5dc16e9ca5f10026afed3fda08fda16b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-12 / Minerais industriais em faixas ultrafinas (< 10 μm) têm suas propriedades potencializadas em relação ao mesmo mineral com maior granulometria. Os materiais ultrafinos são utilizados em diversos seguimentos industriais; por exemplo: materiais cerâmicos, papel e celulose, fármacos, polímeros e tintas. A produção de ultrafinos ocorre em moinhos de alta energia. Dentre estes, o moinho planetário de bolas destaca-se pelas altas taxas de redução de tamanho e pelo fato de poderem ser alimentados via seco ou via úmido em regime contínuo (escala industrial) ou por batelada. A produção de ultrafinos é limitada pelo consumo de energia e pela necessidade de controle das condições operacionais, tamanho, morfologia e composição das partículas. Para otimização das variáveis do processo, usam-se ferramentas computacionais embasadas em modelos matemáticos, tais como os modelos de balanço populacional (MBP), dada pela equação da moagem por batelada, e modelos energéticos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar modelos cinético e energéticos, sendo o primeiro uma solução analítica da equação da moagem por batelada utilizado para descrever as distribuições de tamanhos de partículas, e o segundo dado pela relação energia-tamanho, que prevê uma taxa de redução de tamanho ilimitada, e pela relação tempo-tamanho, que está fundamentada na taxa de moagem () e no limite de moagem. Os modelos foram aplicados em duas centenas de curvas granulométricas resultantes de ensaios de moagem executados anteriormente em alíquotas de calcário e quartzo (duas procedências) com massa e granulometria controladas. Os tempos de moagem variaram de 2 a 960 minutos com velocidades de revolução de 100 a 300 rpm. Os ajustes dos modelos cinético e energéticos foram avaliados considerando os seguintes fatores: coeficiente de determinação (R2), erro padrão (EP), erro de ajuste () e índice de dependência (ID). O modelo cinético apresentou, para a maioria das condições de moagem testadas, grande incerteza associada a alguns de seus parâmetros ( > 10%), tornando os ajustes insatisfatórios segundo os critérios utilizados. Os fatores de avaliação para o modelo cinético só foram adequados para o quartzo de uma procedência, na faixa de 38x75 μm, satisfazendo a condição de compensação estabelecida. No caso dos modelos energéticos, os ajustes obtidos para a relação energiatamanho foram melhores para aquelas situações em que os diâmetros característicos não apresentaram uma estabilização em seu decrescimento. Por sua vez, a relação tempo-tamanho mostrou ajustes compatíveis com as situações em que foi observado um estado estático de decrescimento dos diâmetros característicos, atingindo o limite de moagem. A partir dos ajustes da relação tempo-tamanho foi possível determinar uma constante k’ que caracterizasse a resistência à fragmentação do material em função das condições de moagem estudadas. Os valores dessa constante mostraram que materiais mais resistentes à fragmentação possuem os menores valores de k’, que variaram entre 0,96 e 2,6 g/J para o calcário e entre 0,06 a 0,53 g/J para o quartzo. Concluiu-se, que o modelo cinético foi incompatível com a moagem ultrafina, devida a presença de eventos significativos de aglomeração e interações mecânicas multipartículas, confirmados pela variação do índice de uniformidade () com o tempo de moagem. Os modelos energéticos se complementam na descrição dos resultados experimentais. Logo um modelo intermediário que considere uma taxa de redução de tamanho como uma função potência, com um expoente e um parâmetro (l) que represente o limite de moagem, seja o mais recomendado para a representação dos processos de moagem ultrafina de minerais industriais. / Industrial minerals in ultrafine ranges (< 10 μm) have their properties potentiated compared to the same mineral with larger particle size. The ultrafine materials are used in several industries; for example, ceramics, paper and cellulose, pharmaceuticals, polymers and paints. The production of ultrafine occurs in high energy mills. Among these mills, the planetary ball mill stand out by high rates and can be fed dry or wet in continuous (industrial scale) or batch operation. The production of ultrafine is limited by the energy consumption and the need to control of the operating conditions, size, morphology and composition of the particles. Computational tools based on mathematical models are used in the optimization and control of process variables, such as the population balance models (MBP), given by equation milling batch, and energetic models. This work has as objective to study kinetic and energetic models, the first is a analytical solution for the batch grinding equation used to describe particle size distributions; the second given by the energy-size relations, which predict a size reduction rate unlimited, and by the time-size relations, which are based on the milling rate () and grinding limit. The models were applied to two hundred of particle sizes distributions curves resulting from grinding tests performed previously in aliquots of limestone and quartz (two origins) with control of mass and particle size. The milling times range 2 - 960 min with revolution speeds of 100 to 300 rpm. The fits of the kinetic and energetic models were evaluated considering the following factors: coefficient of determination (R2), standard error (SE), fit error (ε) and dependency index (ID). The kinetic model showed uncertainty associated with some of its parameters (ε > 10%) for most of the grinding conditions tested, resulting in unsatisfactory fits to the criteria used. The evaluation factors for the kinetic model were only suitable for one quartz, in the range of 38x75 μm satisfying the compensation condition. In the case of energetic models, the fits to the energy-size relation were better for those situations where the characteristic diameters did not show a stabilization in its decrease. On the other hand, the sizetime relation shown compatible fits with the situation where was observed a decrease static state of the characteristic diameters reaching the grinding limit. From the fits of the time-size relation was possible to determine a constant ′ that characterizes the resistance to fragmentation of the material depending on the grinding conditions studied. The values of this constant showed that materials more resistant to fragmentation have the smaller ′ values, ranging between 0.96 and 2.6 g/J for the limestone and from 0,06 to 0.53 g/J to quartz. It was concluded that the kinetic model was incompatible with ultrafine grinding, due to the presence of significant events of multi-particle interactions and agglomeration, which was confirmed by variation in the uniformity index (′) in milling time function. Energetic models complemented each other for description of the experimental results. Ready an intermediate model which consider a size reduction rate as a power function with an exponent η and a parameter (l) representing the grinding limit is the most recommended for the representation of the ultrafine grinding processes of industrial minerals.

Introducción: En el año 2019, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estimó que 10 millones de personas desarrollaron Tuberculosis (TB) alrededor del mundo; además, estima que la incidencia de TB en establecimientos penitenciarios (EP) es 100 veces mayor a la población general. El riesgo de transmisión de TB se ve influenciado por distintos determinantes, siendo hacinamiento, uno de los más importantes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio ecológico usando EPs como unidades de análisis basado en los resultados del Censo Nacional Penitenciario 2016 en Perú. La variable dependiente fue Prevalencia de TB autoreportada (TBa) en cada EP y la variable de exposición fue Índice de Hacinamiento (número de internos / capacidad teórica del EP). Se obtuvieron coeficientes rho usando correlación de Spearman. Para el análisis multivariado, se calcularon coeficientes beta en forma cruda y ajustada, usando regresión lineal con varianzas robustas. Resultados: 66 EPs participaron en el Censo. La mediana del índice de hacinamiento en los EP fue 2.26 (RIC: 1.28-2.94). La prevalencia de TBa varió desde 0 hasta 8977/100 mil personas, siendo la mediana 496.1/100 mil personas (RIC: 0-2027). El coeficiente de correlación rho entre hacinamiento y prevalencia de TBa fue 0,24. En el modelo multivariado, los factores asociados a una mayor prevalencia de TBa por EP fueron mayor índice de hacinamiento (Beta 327; IC95% 37:617) y mayor porcentaje de reingresos a EP (Beta 152.6; IC95% 55:250). Región selva (Beta -1372.8; -2202.1:-543.5) y uso de servicios de trabajo (Beta -33; IC95% -6:-60) se asociaron a menos prevalencia. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio encontró que a mayor índice de hacinamiento aumenta la prevalencia de tuberculosis en los EPs. Otros factores asociados fueron mayor porcentaje de reingresos a EP; mientras que estar ubicado en la región selva y mayor uso de servicios de trabajo se asocio a menos prevalencia. / Introduction: In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 10 million people would develop Tuberculosis (TB) around the world; it also estimates that TB incidence in prisons is 100 times higher than in the general population. TB transmission is influenced by different determinants, one of the most important is overcrowding. Methods: An ecological study was conducted using Correctional Facilities (CF) as analysis unit based on the results of the 2016 Peruvian National Penitentiary Census. The outcome was Prevalence of self-reported TB (srTB) in each CF. Exposure was Overcrowding Index (inmates number / CF design capacity). Rho coefficients were obtained using Spearman correlation. For multivariate analysis, crude and adjusted beta coefficients were obtained using linear regression with robust variances. Results: 66 CFs participated in the Census. The median overcrowding rate per CF was 2.26 (RIC: 1.28-2.94). The prevalence of srTB in each CF ranged from 0 to 8977/100 thousand people, with the median being 496.1/100 thousand people (RIC: 0-2027). Rho coefficient between overcrowding and srTB was 0.24. In the multivariate model, factors associated with higher prevalence of srTB were higher overcrowding index (Beta 327; 95% CI 37: 617) and higher percentage of readmissions (Beta 153, IC95% 55: 250). Rainforest location (Beta -1372.8; -2202.1: -543.5) and lower percentage of work services use (Beta -33, IC95% -6: -60) were associated to lower prevalence. Conclusions: Our study found that a higher rate of overcrowding is associated with higher prevalence of self-reported TB. Other associated factors were higher percentage of readmissions, while rainforest location and lower percentage of work services use were associated to less prevalence. / Tesis

The diploma thesis deals with the possibility of using the addition of nanoparticles to improve the properties of cement composites. The theoretical part summarizes the findings of research in this area with a focus on methods of dispersion of nanoparticles and their treatment for use in cement composites. The experimental part focuses on the comparison of methods of dispersion and plasma treatment of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticle solutions from the point of view of the agglomeration process. During this work, a method of systematic optical/visual monitoring of sedimentation/agglomeration was developed to complement sophisticated methods such as spectrophotometry (UV/Vis) and electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the effect of the addition of rGO on the properties of cement mortar, in the form of aqueous solutions prepared by the dispersion methods determined in the previous section, was investigated.

No description available.

In the case of time-consuming or arduous activity the individual bone, modifications of the individual skeleton may occur. Specific activities or movements are predominantly responsible for these modifications and are likely to be carried out for long periods from a young age of the individual. One of these modifications is considered to be some of the so- called non-metric traits on the postcranial skeleton. Special attention is being paid to changes of the articulation facets and changes in some muscular or ligaments' binding areas which are considered to be possibly related to excessive physical stress, occurring through the lifetime (squatting position). With respect to the frequency of 30 postcranial non-metric traits 293 skeletal remains in the Great Moravian population from the settlement agglomeration Mikulčice-Valy (9th - 10th century) have been compared. The primary goal of this research was to determine the frequency of non-metric traits and to verify the relationship with sex - age or the potential laterality differences in the case of bilateral traits. Then, based on the variability of non-metric traits, two different socio-economic groups were compared - the castle (burial site III. church) and the hinterland (burial sites Prušánky and Josefov). The highest incidence of traits was...