Uppsatsen har två syften där det ena är att undersöka fördelning av jord i Väse härad under början av 1700-talet samt hur handeln med jord såg ut med avseende på aktörerna. Det andra syftet är att studera jordtransaktioner i Väse härad för att se om det finns några tidiga tecken på den agrara revolutionen. Eftersom undersökningsperioden (1700–1749) ligger före det som kallas den agrara revolutionen undersöks tre faktorer. Befolkningsökningen var svagt stigande med en liten ökning i Väse socken omkring 1750. Den var för liten för att ha någon betydelse i sig själv men om den sätts i ett större sammanhang skulle den kunna ge en indikation att något var på väg att hända. Social skiktning är en annan faktor som brukas ta upp i samband med den agrara revolutionens inledning. Det innebär att ny grupp av storbönder började växa fram vilka gjorde fler köp av jord utanför den egna släkten. Det har till följd att en mängd bönder fick minskade jordareal medan andra fick större egendomar. En polarisering bland allmogens bönder tog fart. Kommersialisering är ett tredje mått som undersöks i samband med den agrara revolutionen. Den innebar att någon, en bonde, brukspatron eller annan person, köpte upp jord för att kunna öka sin produktion. Även om inga tydliga tecken på den agrara revolutionen syns är frågan om det man kan se beror på det eller är en följd av brukspatronernas aktiviteter.

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This paper is about the dissolution and privatization of parish commons in 18:th century Sweden. The study focuses on four parishses (Hammarö, Väse, Ölme and Lungsund) all of them situated in the south of Värmland County. This is a region where ironworks were especially important for the eco-nomy of Sweden. The Ironworks required a lot of forest resources, of which there were a lot on the commons. This need resulted in a struggle for the resources between the ironworks and the peasants who needed it for their buildings, firewoods and pastures. With support of the state, the ironworks got parts of the commons for their supply of wood raw material.    However, this also resulted in an increased pressure on the remaining parts of the commons which the peasants could continue to use for their individual needs. The competition among the peasants led to troubles and mismanagement of the forests in the commons. In this situation, peasants who were well - off (’skattebönder’), began to work for division and privatization of the commons. The primary aim of this study is to analyze how and why this process of privatization took place. Which were the driving forces, and which were the role of different actors – the state, the aristocracy, the industrialists and different groups among the peasants – in this process?    Privatization of commonable lands in Sweden usually occurred in connection with the enclosure which in Sweden took place from the end of the 18:th century. However, In this study I have found that in at least two of the parishes, the division and privatization occurred about half a century before that enclosure, namely around 1742.    In this paper I also point to the striking similarities between the problems that occurred in these parishes and problems that always arise in commons in all areas. This problem has been discussed by authors like Garret Hardin and Ellinor Ostrom, among many others. Problems that has given rise to the concept ‘the tragedy of the commons’.

<p>The aim of this study is to increase the knowledge and understanding of the early process of socialization and its influence on the choices in life, with the example taken from the agricultural family. The question is considering how the process of socialization within an agricultural family has influenced on the choices in life of four women. A qualitative method with a hermeneutic, phenomenologic perspective is applied and four interviews have been done with women who all grew up in an agricultural family. The results have been analysed through social constructive-, psychodynamic-, attachment- and cognitive theory. The results indicate that socialization is a complex process. The women have early been socialized in the discourse of work with distinct norms and set of values, which seems to follow them in their grown-up life. Not only the discourse but also the early relations within the families seems to have been influenced by the conditions of farming. We are of the opinion that the early relations within the families have influenced on the choices in life of these four women. Also, the commitment to a Free Church communion during the growth has been a strong factor of socialization to these women. Above all, we think that the decision of leaving the Free Church communion has had a great significance to these women, for example in their choice of residential area.</p>

The aim of this study is to increase the knowledge and understanding of the early process of socialization and its influence on the choices in life, with the example taken from the agricultural family. The question is considering how the process of socialization within an agricultural family has influenced on the choices in life of four women. A qualitative method with a hermeneutic, phenomenologic perspective is applied and four interviews have been done with women who all grew up in an agricultural family. The results have been analysed through social constructive-, psychodynamic-, attachment- and cognitive theory. The results indicate that socialization is a complex process. The women have early been socialized in the discourse of work with distinct norms and set of values, which seems to follow them in their grown-up life. Not only the discourse but also the early relations within the families seems to have been influenced by the conditions of farming. We are of the opinion that the early relations within the families have influenced on the choices in life of these four women. Also, the commitment to a Free Church communion during the growth has been a strong factor of socialization to these women. Above all, we think that the decision of leaving the Free Church communion has had a great significance to these women, for example in their choice of residential area.

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No description available.