In this paper, the concept of international treaty in contemporary international law is being analyzed. The concept of international treaty is being reviewed to international as well as to national extent of Lithuania and some other countries, applying the national law of different countries and international law, which define the concept of international treaty. The subject of the research – the main features of an international treaty, advantages and disadvantages of its consolidation in national and international law. The main objective is, by analyzing literature and the practice of courts, to reveal the concept of contemporary international treaty to international and national extent, and to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of international documents, which consolidate the main elements of an international treaty, as well as to find an optimal opportunity to sort out the problem of an ambiguous concept of international treaty. Appealing to the main instruments of international law, the major features of an international law are revealed: it must be an international agreement; it must governed by international law; it must be made in written form; concluded between States or international organizations; embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments; whatever its particular designation. In the paper a problem of insufficient revelation of the main features of an international treaty in international law is analyzed. One more feature of an... [to full text]

The study of interrater agreement and itnerrater reliability attract extensive attention, due to the fact that the judgments from multiple raters are subjective and may vary individually. To evaluate interrater agreement and interrater reliability, five different methods or indices are proposed: percentage of agreement, kappa coefficient, the correlation coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and generalizability (G) theory. In this study, we introduce and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these methods to evaluate interrater agreement and reliability. Then we review and explore the rank across these five indices by use of frequency in practice in the past five years. Finally, we illustrate how to use these five methods under different circumstances and provide SPSS and SAS code to analyze interrater agreement and reliability. We apply the methods above to analyze the data from Parent-Child Interaction System of global ratings (PARCHISY), and conclude as follows: (1) ICC is the most often used method to evaluate interrater reliability in recent five years, while generalizability theory is the least often used method. The G coefficients provide similar interrater reliability with weighted kappa and ICC on most items, based on the criteria. (2) When the reliability is high itself, different methods provide consistent indication on interrater reliability based on different criteria. If the reliability is not consistent among different methods, both ICC and G coefficient will provide better interrater reliability based on the criteria, and they also provide consistent results.

The reason for highlighting the difference between GATT and GATS is to focus on the impact of these agreements on the developing countries and in particular the latter will be the main focus of this paper. The economies and governments of the developing states are struggling to generate sustainable capitol growth and maintain financial stability to enhance economic growth. This is due to dictators who rule in such a manner to maintain power irrespective of the future economic viability of their state. Thus the environment for sustainable economic growth is wrath with political instability, lack of proper financial control and eagerness to attract foreign investment and allowing market access to developed states.

<p>A lot of work has been done regart=ding the SPS agreement and its impact on iternational trade, though not so connclusive. The study, however, is going to deal specifically with an impact of the SPS agreement to the SSA countries, by analysing the balance beween protection of human, animal and plant life or health on the one hand and promotion of international trade in this region.</p>

The aim of this thesis is to study what role the Swedish school meal has as a public meal in Swedish culture. An additional aim is to study the meal patterns of children, including the school meal. An ethnological questionnaire with 192 informants was used to study people’s perceptions and memories of the school meal. The school meal was seen as part of the Swedish welfare state, but also as a second-class meal, which did not live up to the ideal, which was a meal with the same values as a meal served at home. Observations in school canteens (25 hours), interviews with the school meal staff (six informants) and focus group interviews with children in grade 4-5 (seven groups with a total of 52 children) were carried out at three schools in central Sweden. Firstly, the data was analysed as to how the teachers interacted with the children in relation to the pedagogic meal. The teachers took on three different roles:  “the sociable teacher role”, “the educating teacher role” and “the evasive teacher role”. Secondly, the children’s understanding of food and meals in the school meal context was analysed. The results showed that the children used ideas from the adult world among their peers in the school meal situation. This included the implementation of institutional commensality, the telling of stories about food and the classification of foods in dichotomies. A questionnaire covering the meal patterns of the children and intake of some snack foods was also distributed to the children attending grade 4-5 at the three schools and their parents. Matched pairs (n=147) were analysed for agreement. Most children had a regular meal pattern, and there was general agreement between child and parent reports, except for sweets and chocolate. The expectations on the school meal are high. At the same time, there appears to be a social construction depicting the school meal in a negative way. In order to come to terms with the negative public view of the school meal, the social construction of the school meal needs to be addressed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 407-421).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Carleton University, 1984. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Stanford University, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-234).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Union Institute, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-178).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 313-324).