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Thesis Title: Globalization and its effects on law This thesis deals with the phenomenon of globalization and its consequences for law. Due to the fact, that the concept of globalization is very extensive, the thesis focuses only on selected aspects of law as a social phenomenon. In this sense, law is perceived as a political tool for the involvement of other subjects in its creation, which naturally leads to the disruption of the centuries-old role of the state as a hegemon of legislative norm-making. The thesis is divided into three parts, whilst the first chapter focuses on the phenomenon and genesis of globalization as such. It points to its frequent criticisms and concludes that, despite all the shortcomings, it is a very positive process, which ultimately makes the world society as a whole wealthier. Recently, however, the concept of globalization has been discussed at political levels, especially in the context of Brexit and the election of Donald Trump in 2016. The aim of this chapter is to point out the fact that even these elections need to be perceived from the perspective of disillusionment with the process of globalization and its non- economical and rather cultural aspects. However, it must be said that this hypothesis has only been confirmed indirectly and it is appropriate to...

Following the invasion of Ukraine on the 24th of February 2022, the EU imposed new heavy sanctions on Russia as a response to their act of aggression. The first EU sanctions on Russia were imposed following their annexation of Crimea in 2014, and sanctions have been employed ever since. However, the EU response in 2022 differs significantly from 2014 in both scope and impact, and the EU’s capability to reach an agreement was a surprise for scholars and experts. Drawing from a deliberative perspective, the aim of this thesis is to explain the agreement on EU sanctions against Russia in 2022-23. By analysing the arguments presented by the EU member states, this paper will examine how a collective stance on sanctions was attained. The findings will conclude that rights-based norms linked to international law, in particular the principles of state sovereignty and self-determination, enabled the agreement. Yet, security concerns had an impact on the discourse on sanctions which underlines the importance of a sense of threat. However, the rights-based norms were inextricably intertwined with value-based norms that influenced and shaped the discourse on which the agreement was reached. The value-based norms were linked to a particular duty to Europe and moral obligations vis-á-vis Ukrainians. Hence, European solidarity and a sense of European identity encompassed the discourse and facilitated the EU’s collective action.

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Previous research in the academic literature established the existence of a culture of violence in Colombia. This article focuses on the perpetuation of this culture of violence according to the framework of Waldmann (2007) after the signature of the Colombian Peace Agreement in 2016, and the influence of this phenomena on the persecution of human rights defenders. Colombia remains one of the most dangerous places for human rights defenders, as they are facing multifaceted risks due to the socially anchored culture of enmity and the stigmatisation of political contestation. Given the multifaceted challenges and actors related to violence in this country, the multilevel framework of Steenkamp (2005) will allow to understand the impact of state and nonstate actors. This research will be conducted according to a process-tracing study of Colombian media and policies relating to the strategies of both types of actors. This innovative method will enable to understand the effects of a culture of violence directly from the point of view of both victims and perpetrators. The purpose of this method is to promote the understanding and knowledge of the actors involved rather than international perception of the phenomena. The aim of the research is to understand the causal mechanisms at stake in a...

1 RESIDENTIAL LEASE ABSTRACT This thesis aims to analyze current legal aspects of the residential lease which is regulated in the Act. No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code. For better orientation in the text, the author divided this thesis into seven chapters, where she described the regulation in detail. The first chapter is dedicated to the current regulation of the lease. If the special regulation of residential lease is missing, it is necessary to use common regulation. The author described briefly the contractual parties, the subject of the lease, duration of the lease, and termination of the lease. The second chapter starts with the history of residential law and defines basic terms of the residential lease such as the house, the apartment, corporate housing, and cooperative apartment. The third chapter is devoted to the creation of the residential lease with the written contract and with the unwritten one. It takes into account the creation of residential lease by the other ways such as the death of lessee, the contract of accession, or marriage to the lessee as well. The author speaks about the handing down of the apartment and the issues of paying the rent. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the legal rights and obligations to the lessor and the lessee. It adjusts the repairs of damages and defects by...

Previous research has suggested that attraction errors are not due to the proximity of the local noun and verb, as a more distant local noun can result in more errors than a nearer one (e.g., *The helicopter for the flights over the canyon are vs. *The helicopter for the flight over the canyons are; Franck, Vigliocco, & Nicol, 2002). However, the verb tends to agree in number with the nearer noun of a disjoined subject, suggesting that linear order can indeed play a role in agreement computation (e.g., The horse or the clocks are vs. The horses or the clock is; Haskell & MacDonald, 2005). In the present study, two experiments using a two-alternative forced-choice production paradigm and one experiment using eyetracking during reading directly compared agreement computation in the classic attraction configuration and when the subject is a coordinate phrase. The 2AFC experiments replicated both the lack of a linear distance effect in classic attraction and the presence of a linear order effect in disjunction agreement, which was also extended to conjunction agreement; when the second conjunct was singular, subjects frequently selected a singular verb. This order effect was also modulated by the presence or absence of additional material between the subject and verb. In the eyetracking experiment, a singular second conjunct both facilitated processing of a singular verb and inhibited processing of a plural verb. These results suggest that variable agreement with coordinate subjects is not a form of agreement attraction and that distinct theoretical treatments are required for two distinct phenomena.

This dissertation explores case and verbal agreement in Icelandic. Case and agreement generally pattern together, but there are exceptional instances in which case and agreement come apart. In Icelandic, verbs agree with Nominative DPs. However, in some constructions, agreement with a Nominative is optional. In the standard account of case and agreement (Chomsky 2000), both types of features are determined simultaneously via the same syntactic operation. The standard theory, therefore, predicts that case and agreement should pattern the same way, and that neither should be optional. Moreover, based on fieldwork conducted at the University of Iceland, I present data that has not heretofore been reported. I argue that the likelihood of agreement depends on the type of construction. My research builds on other work which addresses optionality in Icelandic agreement (e.g. Sigurðsson and Holmberg 2008). This dissertation makes a substantial contribution to the literature on Icelandic agreement in that the rate of agreement across various types of constructions has not been examined. I illustrate that this type of optionality is not only robust, but also systematic. This dissertation contributes to the larger literature on case and agreement in several important ways. First, I argue for a departure from the standard proposal that case and agreement are established via the same syntactic operation. I propose that it is possible for the probe which assigns case to be in a relationship with a DP, even though the probe which establishes agreement is not in a relationship with that DP. Second, I provide empirical support for Multiple Agree. I argue that the survey findings reported in this dissertation provide evidence that a probe can enter into a relationship with more than one goal. Third, I provide empirical evidence for the optionality of Multiple Agree. I argue that agreement is optional only in constructions in which there is an item intervening between T and the Nominative, and Multiple Agree is, thereby, required in order for an agreement relationship to be established.

This study offers an in-depth examination of the motives and reflections impacting international students' choice to study in Sweden. Three central themes emerge, namely: motivations for choosing Sweden, cost-benefit evaluations, reflections on immigration prospects, and the impact of Sweden's immigration policy. Inspired by the push-pull theory, human capital theory, and sociological theories, these themes highlight the intricate dynamics that shape the students' decision-making process. This understanding is further enriched by qualitative interviews with a diverse pool of international students, adding layers of individual perspectives to the theoretical framework. The findings explore the noteworthy influence that the prospect of immigration and Swedish immigration policies have on students' destination preferences. Factors such as the educational quality, allure of the country, financial considerations, and post-study opportunities surface, with a strong emphasis on the pivotal role of immigration prospects in students' decision-making. The study notably reveals immigration prospects as a major pull factor for students, an aspect often underrepresented in the discourse on international student mobility. Additionally, despite potential drawbacks, students perceive the benefits of studying in Sweden, such as high-quality education and potential post-study work, as outweighing the costs. This research provides valuable insights for educational institutions and policymakers to better understand and cater to international students' needs and preferences, thereby bolstering Sweden's reputation as an appealing global destination for higher education.