Ce travail étudie les composants de l’évolution territoriale et socio-économique de la région du Jari, située au nord de l’Amazonie brésilienne, en identifiant les différents processus de transformation ainsi que les structures spatiales actuelles. Longtemps à l’écart des dynamiques nationales du peuplement et du développement, celle-ci connait, au XXe siècle, un développement socioéconomique en deux étapes : Le premier, au début du siècle, à partir d’une occupation conditionnée par l’extractivisme (exploitation de ressources naturelles de la forêt, comme le caoutchouc ou la noix du Brésil), et organisée autour d’un latifundiaire sur environ 2 millions d’hectares. Le deuxième, plus important, à la fin des années 1960, à partir de l’installation, sur ce même territoire, d’une grande entreprise agro-industrielle, le "projet Jari", par l’entrepreneur et multimillionnaire Américain D.K. Ludwig, qui visait à la production de la cellulose à grande échelle, et entraînait la construction d’une première infrastructure urbaine et industrielle dans une région de forêt primaire jusque-là intacte. Désormais indissociablement liées, les transformations socioéconomiques et territoriales de la région du Jari se sont depuis produites en tant qu’influence ou interaction directe avec l’évolution du projet Jari. Celui-ci, toujours en fonction dans la région aujourd’hui, a lui-même connu des transformations significatives depuis son installation en 1967: fortement polémiquée pour la non rentabilité économique, l’impact environnemental, et le gaspillage en ressources humaines de ses activités d’agrobusiness, le projet Jari du XXIe siècle émerge aujourd’hui, sous une nouvelle gestion (Orsa), comme une entreprise viable, certifiée, et pionnière en matière de responsabilité sociale et environnementale des entreprises en contexte amazonien. Les nouvelles stratégies territoriales développées par celle-ci et basées dans un discours de responsabilité sociale et environnementale des entreprises, ont permis à la Jari non seulement de conquérir une place stable sur le marché national et international de la cellulose, mais aussi à atténuer une conflit foncier de long date dans la région du Jari, qui a durablement marqué les relations entre l’entreprise, le gouvernement et les populations locales, dont plusieurs ont été déplacées de leurs terres lors de la transformation de larges parties de forêt primaire en plantations d’eucalyptus. La création, par la "nouvelle" entreprise, d’une Fondation sociale, censée de mettre en œuvre des petits projets socio-économiques dans la région, a en outre permis d’avancer le processus d’intégration territoriale visant à inclure enfin les communautés locales et les acteurs politiques à la gestion régionale et à l’utilisation des ressources, jusque-là monopolisée par l’entreprise. Sans être achevé, ce processus forme aujourd’hui la base solide pour une transformation "durable" du Jari, d’une vieille "enclave" économique de l’Américain à une région intégrée dont le potentiel est partagé parmi ses habitants. / This thesis studies the components and phases of the socioeconomic and territorial evolution of the Jari river region, located at the north of the Brazilian Amazon, by identifying its different transformation processes and contemporary spatial structures. Longtime left aloof from national population and development dynamics, the region experiences a two-step economic and social evolution in the XX century: A first occupation, at the beginning of the century, that was conditioned by the exploitation of natural resources (rubber, Brazil nut) and led to the establishment of a "latifundium" covering about 2 million ha; and a second, more important occupation at the end of 1960ies by the an American businessman and multimillionaire D.K. Ludwig. The initiation, by the latter, of a huge agro-industrial enterprise, the "Jari project", aiming at a large-scale production of cellulose, lead to the construction of first urban infrastructures and industrial facilities in a region until then covered with intact primary forest. The socio-cultural, economical and political development of the Jari River region has since been intrinsically linked to the evolution of the Jari project. The project itself, which is still active in the region, has itself known significant change since its building up in 1967: strongly criticized during the 1970ies and 1980ies due to the lack of economic viability of its agro-industrial activities, as well as its ecological impact and its waste of human resources, the project of the XXI century, revived by a new management (Orsa), presents itself as an innovative, lucrative and certified firm, henceforth conscious of its social and environmental responsibility and thus of its pioneer role for the socioeconomic development of the Jari River region where it operates. The territorial strategies developed in this context by the company, which are embedded in a discourse of social and environmental corporate responsibility, have indeed permitted the company not only to establish itself on the national and international pulp market, but also to mitigate the long-standing land conflict between the Jari firm, the government and the local populations, who had been partly displaced from their lands by the transformation of huge parts of the rainforest into eucalyptus plantations. The creation of a firm-interne social Foundation in 2000, commissioned to carry into action small socioeconomic projects in the region, has also allowed to accelerate a process of territorial integration, aiming at including the local communities and political actors into the management of the region and its use of its natural resources, until then monopolized by the company. Not yet fully achieved, this process of territorial integration constitutes today a solid basis for a sustainable transformation of the region in the future, from the old "enclave" of the American into an integrated region whose potential is commonly shared by its habitants.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-17T14:41:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Thiago Lucas Alves da Silva.pdf: 6733852 bytes, checksum: 8d95823b573c83ccacdd750dea8233f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T14:41:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Thiago Lucas Alves da Silva.pdf: 6733852 bytes, checksum: 8d95823b573c83ccacdd750dea8233f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / During the last few years, Rio de Janeiro state has been a special place for the trying of expansion of eucalyptus commercial plantation, stimulated mostly by paper and cellulose and steel companies and by other wood requesting ones. This way, the aim of this research was to discuss the expansion of eucalyptus plantation for commercial ends in the city of Valen?a, which is located in Medio Para?ba region. That region is considered one of the most dynamic regions of the state because it has an important metal-mechanic pole, a great transport logistic and because it is between the most important metropolis (S?o Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) in Brazil (FUSCO, 2003; MARAFON, 2005). That region, despite of its strong urban-industrial character, has a state very significant cattle rising, specially related to milk, which is mostly developed in the city of Valen?a, our empiric research space limit, considering the ranges of Rio de Janeiro state (MADAN?LO, 2008). However, in the opposite direction of the tendencies of eucalyptus plantation expansion in other states, especially the ones which has limits with Rio de Janeiro (ES, SP and MG), we have observed in Valen?a an increasing of eucalyptus plantation which is not associated to the great urban-industrial enterprises, which are, the great paper and cellulose or steel companies. From this on, capitalized new-rural producers have been important social actors for the development of that form/content of expansion for the eucalyptus plantation, using the demand for wood from the companies in the region, the activities related to the urban space and also the local agro-business itself. Such social phenomenon in course, analyzed in our previous researches, seems singular to us up to this moment, specially related to previous researches in the range of Social Sciences. That is why we used numerous of theoretical references, articulating and using concepts ? territory, net, urban-rural relation, agrobusiness ? as guidelines for our interpretation. / Nos ?ltimos anos, o estado do Rio de Janeiro tem sido palco da tentativa de expans?o do plantio comercial de eucalipto, incentivado em grande parte pelas empresas do setor de papel e celulose, sider?rgicas e outras demandantes de madeira. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi discutir a expans?o do cultivo de eucalipto para fins comerciais no munic?pio de Valen?a, situado na Regi?o do M?dio Para?ba. Esta regi?o ? considerada uma das mais din?micas do estado, pois possui um importante polo metal-mec?nico, uma ?tima log?stica de transportes e est? entre as metr?poles (S?o Paulo e Rio de Janeiro) mais importantes do pa?s (FUSCO, 2003; MARAFON, 2005). Esta regi?o, apesar de ter um forte car?ter urbano-industrial, possui ainda uma pecu?ria bastante significativa numa escala estadual, especialmente no que se refere ? pecu?ria leiteira, que tem no munic?pio de Valen?a, nosso recorte espacial emp?rico, o seu maior produtor (MADAN?LO, 2008). Por?m, na contram?o das tend?ncias de expans?o da monocultura do eucalipto em outros estados, notadamente os que fazem divisa com o Rio de Janeiro (Esp?rito Santo, S?o Paulo e Minas Gerais) temos observado em Valen?a/RJ um crescimento do plantio de eucalipto n?o associado aos grandes empreendimentos urbano-industriais; ou seja: as grandes empresas do setor celul?sico-papeleiro ou sider?rgicas. Com isso, produtores neorrurais capitalizados t?m sido importantes atores sociais no desenvolvimento dessa forma/conte?do de expans?o do plantio de eucalipto, se valendo da demanda de madeira por parte das industriais da regi?o, de atividades ligadas ao espa?o urbano, mas tamb?m do pr?prio agroneg?cio local. Tal fen?meno social em curso e por n?s pesquisado nos parece bastante singular at? o presente momento, principalmente no que se refere ? realiza??o de pesquisas anteriores, no ?mbito das Ci?ncias Sociais. Por isso, lan?amos m?o de uma gama de referenciais te?ricos, articulando e utilizando territ?rio, rede, rela??o urbano-rural e agroneg?cio como conceitos norteadores da nossa interpreta??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:05:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonor_Souza-v1.pdf: 4735894 bytes, checksum: ac5321523593c495313137ad20bbe9f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-19 / Taking into account the economical aspects in the agricultural area in Brazil from the last decades and also the performance from the grains production broadcasted by official records, this agricultural sector has been drawing attention to many researches and showing a total lack of proper financial management.Given the importance of financial management and controls and also by analyzing the situation on the country land where the rural producers have been dedicating more time to things related to production than to financial management which demands more assertive decisions that are essential to the maintenance of those rural enterprises and also considering the lack of proper management of the agricultural areas, the objective of this study was to analyze the use of controls and financial management in grain production rural areas from the west of Parana State in Brazil. We have divided a study in two different steps; first we have made an structured survey in 80 rural producers in the West of Parana, from October 2015 to February 2016, about the use of controls and financial management done by the producers. On the second step, we have shown to 10 of those who participated on the survey a proposal of a system of information on cash flow. Inspired by an accounting model which was adapted for this system and it was applied to 10 of those properties between the months of February and July in 2016. The study, that was descriptive and qualitative, was based on literature review and on periodicals identified in researches and surveys based on specialized bibliographies and in libraries. The results from the first step showed an absence of controls and financial management in the surveyed rural properties , regardless of the technological information and communication advancements, many decisions are still based in empirical knowledge and the systems of financial managements are rarely used and restrict. The use of a system of information of cash flow in the rural activity, on the second step, pointed out innumerous benefits such as control of expenses and the analysis of results, among others, was only possible to be estimated by the rural manager. Considering the advancements in the use of technology of information and better access to the internet in the country, new researches can contribute to foster management techniques in the rural field such as distance learning and the development of tools that can be more proper to the profile of the rural producers / Considerando o crescimento econômico do setor agrícola no Brasil registrado nas últimas décadas e o desempenho da produção de grãos divulgado por organismos oficiais o setor agrícola vem chamando atenção por diversas pesquisas demonstrando um setor ainda carente de práticas de gestão financeira. Dada a importância dos controles e gestão financeira e analisando a realidade do campo onde o produtor rural tem dedicado maior tempo aos aspectos relacionados à produção do que à gestão financeira exigindo decisões mais assertivas e essenciais para a manutenção dos empreendimentos rurais e considerando a escassez de práticas de gestão adequadas ao setor do agronegócio este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o uso de controles e gestão financeira em propriedades rurais produtoras de grãos da região Oeste do Paraná. Dividiu-se o estudo em duas etapas: na primeira, levantou-se, por meio de entrevista estruturada aplicada a 80 produtores rurais da região Oeste do Paraná, no período de outubro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016, o uso de controles e gestão financeira pelos produtores. Na segunda etapa, apresentou-se a 10 propriedades rurais participantes da pesquisa uma proposta de utilização de um sistema de informação de fluxo de caixa. Inspirado em um modelo contábil, se adaptou esse sistema, que foi aplicado a essas 10 propriedades entre os meses de fevereiro e julho de 2016. O estudo, que foi descritivo e cuja análise, qualitativa, fundamentou-se na revisão da literatura e em periódicos identificados em pesquisas realizadas em bases bibliográficas especializadas e nas bibliotecas. Os resultados da primeira etapa demonstraram a ausência de controles e gestão financeira nas propriedades rurais pesquisadas, apesar dos avanços evidenciados no uso da tecnologia da informação e comunicação, como também que muitas decisões ainda são pautadas em conhecimentos empíricos e que sistemas de gestão financeira são pouco utilizados e restritos. A utilização de um sistema de informações de fluxo de caixa na atividade rural, na segunda etapa, apontou inúmeros benefícios, como o controle dos gastos e a análise dos resultados, entre outros, antes apenas estimados pelo produtor rural. Considerando os avanços no uso da tecnologia de informação e o maior acesso à Internet no campo, novas pesquisas poderão contribuir no sentido de implementar práticas de gestão financeira na atividade rural, tais como o ensino a distância e o desenvolvimento de ferramentas mais adequadas ao perfil do produtor rural.

Ce travail étudie les composants de l'évolution territoriale et socio-économique de la région du Jari, située au nord de l'Amazonie brésilienne, en identifiant les différents processus de transformation ainsi que les structures spatiales actuelles. Longtemps à l'écart des dynamiques nationales du peuplement et du développement, celle-ci connait, au XXe siècle, un développement socioéconomique en deux étapes : Le premier, au début du siècle, à partir d'une occupation conditionnée par l'extractivisme (exploitation de ressources naturelles de la forêt, comme le caoutchouc ou la noix du Brésil), et organisée autour d'un latifundiaire sur environ 2 millions d'hectares. Le deuxième, plus important, à la fin des années 1960, à partir de l'installation, sur ce même territoire, d'une grande entreprise agro-industrielle, le " projet Jari ", par l'entrepreneur et multimillionnaire Américain D.K. Ludwig, qui visait à la production de la cellulose à grande échelle, et entraînait la construction d'une première infrastructure urbaine et industrielle dans une région de forêt primaire jusque-là intacte. Désormais indissociablement liées, les transformations socioéconomiques et territoriales de la région du Jari se sont depuis produites en tant qu'influence ou interaction directe avec l'évolution du projet Jari. Celui-ci, toujours en fonction dans la région aujourd'hui, a lui-même connu des transformations significatives depuis son installation en 1967: fortement polémiquée pour la non rentabilité économique, l'impact environnemental, et le gaspillage en ressources humaines de ses activités d'agrobusiness, le projet Jari du XXIe siècle émerge aujourd'hui, sous une nouvelle gestion (Orsa), comme une entreprise viable, certifiée, et pionnière en matière de responsabilité sociale et environnementale des entreprises en contexte amazonien. Les nouvelles stratégies territoriales développées par celle-ci et basées dans un discours de responsabilité sociale et environnementale des entreprises, ont permis à la Jari non seulement de conquérir une place stable sur le marché national et international de la cellulose, mais aussi à atténuer une conflit foncier de long date dans la région du Jari, qui a durablement marqué les relations entre l'entreprise, le gouvernement et les populations locales, dont plusieurs ont été déplacées de leurs terres lors de la transformation de larges parties de forêt primaire en plantations d'eucalyptus. La création, par la " nouvelle " entreprise, d'une Fondation sociale, censée de mettre en œuvre des petits projets socio-économiques dans la région, a en outre permis d'avancer le processus d'intégration territoriale visant à inclure enfin les communautés locales et les acteurs politiques à la gestion régionale et à l'utilisation des ressources, jusque-là monopolisée par l'entreprise. Sans être achevé, ce processus forme aujourd'hui la base solide pour une transformation " durable " du Jari, d'une vieille "enclave " économique de l'Américain à une région intégrée dont le potentiel est partagé parmi ses habitants.

Submitted by Maria Joseli Barreto (joselibarreto5@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-07-25T21:07:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE VERSAO FINAL_MARIA JOSELI.pdf: 45386422 bytes, checksum: 4d504f2e971d5ddf5f50e21ef23ec69e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ALESSANDRA KUBA OSHIRO ASSUNÇÃO (alessandra@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-07-26T12:19:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 barreto_mj_dr_prud.pdf: 45386422 bytes, checksum: 4d504f2e971d5ddf5f50e21ef23ec69e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T12:19:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 barreto_mj_dr_prud.pdf: 45386422 bytes, checksum: 4d504f2e971d5ddf5f50e21ef23ec69e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as implicações da reestruturação produtiva do capital, no âmbito da reprodução do agrohidronegócio canavieiro, nas Regiões Administrativas de Presidente Prudente e Ribeirão Preto, situadas no Estado de São Paulo e, nesse contexto, averiguar as formas como esse segmento atua na dinâmica territorial, nos (re)arranjos regionais e nos modos de organização e controle dos processos de produção e trabalho. Em termos de procedimentos metodológicos, buscou-se combinar revisão bibliográfica com levantamento e análise de dados secundários, pesquisa empírica com realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, diário de campo e análise documental. Os resultados alcançados permitem destacar que as transformações em curso, na produção canavieira, demarcadas pela mecanização da colheita e plantio da cana-de-açúcar, são reflexo das ações e das estratégias do capital, em busca de seu constante processo de reprodução e acumulação. Para o capitalista, a tecnificação do processo produtivo da matéria-prima representa, antes de qualquer coisa, geração de mais-valia. Por isso, entre as estratégias incorporadas nas formas de organização e controle do trabalho, destacam-se os mecanismos que remetem à intensificação e prolongamento da jornada laboral. Também foi evidenciado que a tecnificação dos processos de produção e trabalho, somada às formas de organização e controle intrínseco ao taylorismo, fordismo, toyotismo e acumulação flexível, viabiliza, aos detentores dos meios de produção, mecanismos que conservam a captura da subjetividade e superexploração do trabalho como os principais baluartes da reprodução do agrohidronegócio canavieiro. Na verdade, mudaram-se os modos e os artifícios utilizados nesse processo de exploração. Além disso, foi observado que as máquinas, as inovações tecnológicas invisibilizam as reais condições de trabalho, vivenciadas pelos trabalhadores que atualmente vendem sua força de trabalho nos domínios do agrohidronegócio canavieiro, ao mesmo tempo em que ocultam a realidade vivenciada por grande parte dos trabalhadores que foram excluídos dos canaviais. / The objective of this research was to analyze the implications of the productive restructuring of capital, in the scope of the reproduction of sugarcane agro-business, in the Administrative Regions of Presidente Prudente and Ribeirão Preto, located in São Paulo State. In this context, it was sought to investigate the ways in which this segment acts in the territorial dynamics, in the regional arrangements and in the modes of organization and control of the processes of production and work. In the methodology, we sought to combine bibliographic review with survey and analysis of secondary data, empirical research with semi-structured interviews, field diary and documentary analysis. The results show that the recent changes in sugarcane production, marked by the mechanization of sugarcane harvesting and planting, are a reflection of the actions and strategies of capital, in search of its constant process of reproduction and accumulation. For the capitalist, the technification of the productive process of the raw material represents, above all, the generation of surplus value. Thus, among the strategies incorporated in the forms of organization and control of work, we emphasize mechanisms that lead to the intensification and prolongation of the working day. It was also evidenced that the technification of the processes of production and work, added to the forms of organization and control intrinsic to Taylorism, Fordism, Toyotism and flexible accumulation, enables the holders of the means of production to maintain mechanisms for subjectivity capture and overexploitation of labor as the main support for the reproduction of sugarcane agro-business. In fact, the ways and the artifices used in this exploration process have changed. In addition, it was observed that the technological innovations invisible the real working conditions, experienced by the workers who currently sell their workforce in the domains of the sugarcane agro-business, while hiding the reality experienced by a large part of the workers who were excluded from the sugarcane plantations. / Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las implicaciones de la reestructuración productiva del capital en el ámbito de la reproducción del agrohidronegocio de la caña de azúcar en la Regiones Administrativas de Presidente Prudente y Ribeirão Preto, localizadas en Estado de São Paulo. En ese contexto indaga las formas como ese sector actúa en la dinámica territorial, en los ajustes regionales y en los modos de organización y control de los procesos de producción y trabajo. Los referentes metodológicos buscaron combinar la revisión bibliográfica con el levantamiento y análisis de datos secundarios, información empírica con realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas, diarios de campo y análisis documental. Los resultados alcanzados permiten destacar que las transformaciones enmarcadas por la mecanización del corte y recolección de la caña de azúcar, son reflejo de las acciones y de las estrategias del capital en busca de su constante proceso de reproducción y acumulación. Para el capitalista, la tecnificación del proceso productivo de la materia prima representa, antes que cualquier otra cosa, generación de plusvalía. Por este motivo, entre las estrategias incorporadas en las formas de organización y control del trabajo, se destacan los mecanismos que remiten a la intensificación y prolongamiento de la jornada laboral. También fue evidenciado que la tecnificación de los procesos de producción y trabajo, sumadas a las formas de organización y control intrínsecos al taylorismo, fordismo, toyotismoy acumulación flexible, viabiliza a los poseedores de los medios de producción, mecanismos para la captura de la subjetividad y la superexplotación del trabajo, como principales bastiones del agrohidronegocio de la caña de azúcar. En este sentido, cambiaron los modos y los artificios utilizados en este proceso de explotación. Asimismo, fue observado que las máquinas como innovaciones tecnológicas impiden observar las condiciones reales del trabajo, vividas por los trabajadores que actualmente venden su fuerza de trabajo a los dominios del agrohidronegocio, al mismo tiempo que ocultan la realidad vivida por gran parte de los trabajadores que fueron excluidos de los cañaduzales. / FAPESP: 2014/08022-6