The status of five American air bases in Morocco has been in dispute since Morocco gained independence from France in 1956. The United States negotiated with France and secured permission to build the air bases in Morocco in 1950. Morocco, at that time a protectorate of France, was not consulted in the negotiations. The status of the air bases constituted the major subject of Moroccan-American diplomacy in the three years since Morocco has been independent and in control of her own internal and external affairs.

Les bases aériennes sont des éléments incontournables de la puissance aérienne car sans infrastructures dédiées, l’aviation militaire est inopérante. La répartition géographique des bases aériennes répond à des stratégies politiques, militaires mais également économiques. Elles en sont les traductions spatiales. De fait, organisées en réseaux, les bases aériennes concourent à définir la géostratégie aérienne. L’analyse spatiale et historique du réseau des bases aériennes françaises depuis le début du XXe siècle démontre la place prégnante de ce maillage dans la stratégie française et constitue le reflet de la perception de la France de son espace environnant. D’abord, le réseau illustre, dans la stratégie territoriale française, la prééminence d’une posture défensive du sanctuaire métropolitain, à l’origine d’une « France différenciée » dont le découpage territorial s’effectue selon la répartition des types de bases aériennes. Ensuite, le réseau des bases aériennes extra-métropolitaines, à la différence de sa consœur métropolitaine, n’est pas seulement régi par une stratégie de défense. Dans un premier temps, dans le cadre de sa politique coloniale, la France utilise son réseau comme instrument d’exploration, de contrôle et conservation de territoires ; puis, dans le cadre de sa politique étrangère, elle s’en sert comme d’un moyen de préservation de ses intérêts vitaux dans les pays étrangers et les territoires français d’outre-mer. / Air bases are inescapable elements of air power because without dedicated infrastructures, military aviation is ineffective. The geographical distribution of air bases answers political, military but also economic strategies. Air bases are the spatial translation of these strategies. In fact, air bases organized in networks contribute to define the air geostrategy. The spatial and historical analysis of the French air bases network since the beginning of the XXth century demonstrates the prominence of this web in the French strategy and reflects the French perception of its surrounding space. First the network illustrates the superiority of a defensive posture of the metropolitan sanctuary in the French territorial strategy, at the origin of a “differentiated France” sub-divided according to the distribution of various air base types. Then, the overseas air bases network, unlike its metropolitan counterpart, is not governed solely by a defense strategy. Within the colonial policy framework, France uses its network as instrument of exploration, control and preservation of territories. In addition, within the foreign policy framework, France uses it as of a means of conservation of its vital interests in foreign countries and French overseas territories.

<p>I en ambition att öka effekten och insatsberedskapen i den svenska försvarsmakten har stora omorganisationer skett efter det kalla krigets slut. Den senaste förändringen innebär att värnplikten läggs på is under fredstid och att kontraktsanställda soldater skall ingår i förbanden istället. Detta har medfört reduktioner i personalvolymer, troligtvis för att kunna bekosta löner för de kontraktsanställda soldaterna. Inom flygvapnets markförsvarsförband har reduceringen blivit så stor att vid en spriding av det svenska flygvapnet, finns inte tillräckligt med förband för att skydda samtliga baser effektivt. För närvarande används hundar som sensor för lokalisera fientliga spaning och sabotageförband vid och omkring svenska flygbasområden. Hunden är en väldigt kompetent sensor för att lokalisera personer och materiel men dess förmåga till att spana av stora områden under en begränsad tid är sämre. Laserradarn om den baseras på en UAV har förmågan att se genom vegetation kamouflage och rök från en upphöjd position. Därigenom kan den övervaka ett större område än vad hunden kan göra. Ingen sensor tar ut varandra men som komplement till varandra ökar de det fysiska stridsvärdet på båda enheterna.</p> / <p>In an ambition to increase the effectiveness and response time in the Swedish armed forces there have been major reorganizations after the end of the Cold War. The recent change includes that conscript service is placed on a hold during peace time and that the soldiers in the armed forces serve in accordance with a contract. This has resulted in reductions in the amount of soldiers, the reduction is probably made to be able to pay for salaries for the contract soldiers. The Air Force ground defence units have been reduced to nine platoons so if an event of conflict in Sweden, or in Sweden's vicinity, resulting in a diversion of the Swedish Air Force around Sweden, there are not enough units to protect all the bases effectively. At today’s date the security units around the air bases use dogs as its primary sensor when they try to locate enemy reconnaissance and sabotage units in and around the Swedish air bases. The dog is a skilled sensor in locating people and equipment, but its ability to search the large areas around an air base over are limited because of the small number of dogs. Therefore, this text will look at the characteristics of a laser radar and se if it could work as a supplement to the dogas a sensor. The dog has the ability to short distances with great accuracy indicate persons and equipment with their hearing and sense of smell. Laser radar if it is based on a UAV has the ability to see through vegetation, camouflage, and smoke from an elevated position. This allows it to monitor a wider area than the dog can do. If airborne, it also has an increased ability to access places that are hard to reach by foot within a reasonable time. No one sensor offset each other but as a complement to each other they have the ability to increase the physical wellness of each other if they don’t have to work as hard as if theywere alone.</p>

I en ambition att öka effekten och insatsberedskapen i den svenska försvarsmakten har stora omorganisationer skett efter det kalla krigets slut. Den senaste förändringen innebär att värnplikten läggs på is under fredstid och att kontraktsanställda soldater skall ingår i förbanden istället. Detta har medfört reduktioner i personalvolymer, troligtvis för att kunna bekosta löner för de kontraktsanställda soldaterna. Inom flygvapnets markförsvarsförband har reduceringen blivit så stor att vid en spriding av det svenska flygvapnet, finns inte tillräckligt med förband för att skydda samtliga baser effektivt. För närvarande används hundar som sensor för lokalisera fientliga spaning och sabotageförband vid och omkring svenska flygbasområden. Hunden är en väldigt kompetent sensor för att lokalisera personer och materiel men dess förmåga till att spana av stora områden under en begränsad tid är sämre. Laserradarn om den baseras på en UAV har förmågan att se genom vegetation kamouflage och rök från en upphöjd position. Därigenom kan den övervaka ett större område än vad hunden kan göra. Ingen sensor tar ut varandra men som komplement till varandra ökar de det fysiska stridsvärdet på båda enheterna. / In an ambition to increase the effectiveness and response time in the Swedish armed forces there have been major reorganizations after the end of the Cold War. The recent change includes that conscript service is placed on a hold during peace time and that the soldiers in the armed forces serve in accordance with a contract. This has resulted in reductions in the amount of soldiers, the reduction is probably made to be able to pay for salaries for the contract soldiers. The Air Force ground defence units have been reduced to nine platoons so if an event of conflict in Sweden, or in Sweden's vicinity, resulting in a diversion of the Swedish Air Force around Sweden, there are not enough units to protect all the bases effectively. At today’s date the security units around the air bases use dogs as its primary sensor when they try to locate enemy reconnaissance and sabotage units in and around the Swedish air bases. The dog is a skilled sensor in locating people and equipment, but its ability to search the large areas around an air base over are limited because of the small number of dogs. Therefore, this text will look at the characteristics of a laser radar and se if it could work as a supplement to the dogas a sensor. The dog has the ability to short distances with great accuracy indicate persons and equipment with their hearing and sense of smell. Laser radar if it is based on a UAV has the ability to see through vegetation, camouflage, and smoke from an elevated position. This allows it to monitor a wider area than the dog can do. If airborne, it also has an increased ability to access places that are hard to reach by foot within a reasonable time. No one sensor offset each other but as a complement to each other they have the ability to increase the physical wellness of each other if they don’t have to work as hard as if theywere alone.

Mémoire (M.A. (Gestion en P.M.O.)- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1981. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

This thesis presents a comprehensive study of Kyrgyz foreign policy from the early 1990s to 2011. It seeks to answer the following research question: how and to what extent does regime security affect Kyrgyz foreign policymaking? In so doing, this work aims to contribute to the understanding of Central Asian politics and the foreign policy sources of weak states across the post-Soviet space. The underlying theme of this dissertation is centred on the question whether neorealist or constructivist traditions provide a more in-depth account of the erratic Kyrgyz foreign policymaking. Notwithstanding a myriad of studies on weak states, the analysis of their foreign policies is limited and mostly characterised by idiosyncratic, reductionist and great power approaches. In this respect, an interpretive and inductive framework integrative of both internal and external variables and with properly contextualised causal mechanisms may explain the international behaviour of weak states in broader and more genuine terms. Thus, the puzzle to be resolved is whether the concepts of rent-seeking and virtual politics can either substitute for or complement the New Great Game narratives in the context of weak states in general and Kyrgyzstan in particular.

Stridsflygplan är en exklusiv resurs som är som mest sårbara när de står på marken. Med anledning av det osäkra omvärldsläget kring Östersjön så har Regeringen identifierat att in- vesteringar i flygbassystemet krävs för att öka flygstridskrafternas överlevnad i händelse av krig. Utifrån John A Warden III teorier om framgångsfaktorer för skydd av flygplan på mar- ken så jämför denna flerfallstudie stormaktens syn med småstatens avseende principer för sådant skydd. Studien syftar indirekt till att ge ledtrådar till utveckling av framtida base- ringskoncept. Resultatet i studien visar på likheter i, t.ex. synen på behovet av spridning av flygplan och utmaningen att logistikförsörja detta men också på skillnader i, t.ex. synen på vilseledande åtgärder. / Fighter Aircraft are an exclusive resource that are most vulnerable when standing on the ground. Due to the uncertain geosecurity situation surrounding the Baltic Sea, the government has determined that investment is required in the airbase system to increase the survival of air force assets in the case of war. Based on John A Warden III theories of factors for success for aircraft protection on the ground, this multi-case study compares the superpower view with that of the small state regarding principles for such protection. The study indirectly aims to provide clues for the development of future wartime basing concepts. The result of the study shows similarities, for example in view of the need for dispersal of aircraft and the logistic challenge of supplying this, as well as differences e.g. in views of deception measures such as screening and camouflage.