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Systems methodologies are employed to investigate strategic decision problems regarding the development of the oil sands in Canada. Many countries believe energy to be one of their most important national security factors in today’s competitive global era. Canada is no exception. Energy is an issue in Canadians’ growing concerns related to the conflicting priorities of its economy, environment, and society. Various studies have tried to map out Canada’s establishment as an energy superpower. In particular, the massive resources in Canada must be considered as competitive advantages, and oil sands (tar sands) constitute one of the most crucial elements in terms of non-renewable energy. This thesis describes Canada’s oil sands – their characteristics, cost and market analysis, as well as social, economic, and environmental impacts – in order to clarify conflicts that have arisen in recent years. In addition, the importance, potential, and constraints of the oil sands are examined as leading drivers to the country becoming an energy superpower and are compared with the Canadian Academy of Engineering (CAE)’s studies and recommendations. Multiple-criteria decision analyses based on the ProGrid methodology are carried out at different levels to clarify the structure and current position of Canada’s energy system. An Evaluation Matrix, including multiple criteria, is built, and language ladders with different weights are established to allow various groups of experts to evaluate available options. Based on their evaluations, the strong and weak points of the oil sands are analyzed. At a more detailed level, alternative solutions for water quantity and quality problems in Canada’s oil sands are prioritized with respect to specific criteria, using the ProGrid methodology. The strategic issues in Canada’s oil sands are addressed at different levels, and priorities for decision-making are determined and discussed to guide Canada in becoming an energy superpower.

Systems methodologies are employed to investigate strategic decision problems regarding the development of the oil sands in Canada. Many countries believe energy to be one of their most important national security factors in today’s competitive global era. Canada is no exception. Energy is an issue in Canadians’ growing concerns related to the conflicting priorities of its economy, environment, and society. Various studies have tried to map out Canada’s establishment as an energy superpower. In particular, the massive resources in Canada must be considered as competitive advantages, and oil sands (tar sands) constitute one of the most crucial elements in terms of non-renewable energy. This thesis describes Canada’s oil sands – their characteristics, cost and market analysis, as well as social, economic, and environmental impacts – in order to clarify conflicts that have arisen in recent years. In addition, the importance, potential, and constraints of the oil sands are examined as leading drivers to the country becoming an energy superpower and are compared with the Canadian Academy of Engineering (CAE)’s studies and recommendations. Multiple-criteria decision analyses based on the ProGrid methodology are carried out at different levels to clarify the structure and current position of Canada’s energy system. An Evaluation Matrix, including multiple criteria, is built, and language ladders with different weights are established to allow various groups of experts to evaluate available options. Based on their evaluations, the strong and weak points of the oil sands are analyzed. At a more detailed level, alternative solutions for water quantity and quality problems in Canada’s oil sands are prioritized with respect to specific criteria, using the ProGrid methodology. The strategic issues in Canada’s oil sands are addressed at different levels, and priorities for decision-making are determined and discussed to guide Canada in becoming an energy superpower.

It has long been argued in scholarly research that powerful third parties make excellent third parties due to their superior economic and military capabilities, yet surprisingly little scholarly attention has been paid to superpower mediation and bias, and how it affects post-conflict levels of bias. While it is expected that powerful mediators, with their leverage and ability to enforce peace agreements with military force will be biased mediators, cases of mediation by superpowers shows this is often not the case. By exploring the phenomenon of post-conflict levels of violence and how it is correlated with great power mediation bias, this study focuses on specific cases of superpower mediation, while allowing for the idiosyncracies of each conflict to be integrated. Guided by previous empirircal findings, this study argues that levels of post-conflict violence will be lower in countries mediated by biased superpowers due to the leverage, influence and credibility they bring to the mediation process, and ability to 'deliver their side' in negotiations. This study will employ a structured focused comparison to provide a systemic comparison to test the hypothesis on three selected conflicts, the 2001/02 India-Pakistan standoff, the Dayton Agreement and Oslo peace process.

The paper explains what factors led to the United States becoming a superpower and deals with the changes America has gone through during the last decade. Its position in the world economy was shaken mainly because of the 9/11 and the Great Recession, the events, which influenced its domestic as well as foreign policy. The thesis aims to show the political, economic and social development of the current United States and based on the prior analysis points out the potential threats to its superpower status.

Forum: EU-Diplomatie im Jahre 2020

This text focuses on the French self-peception in the modern world. French consider their concept of state and citizenship universal, as Americans do. But the two universalisms are built on a different basis in terms of religion, language and many other aspects. I analyze the clash of the two visions of the world and the French reactions to the American rise to power in the 20th century.

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In recent years, ¡§China as an emerging superpower¡¨ becomes popular discussion issue, Japan as the neighboring country also makes response to this. However, Japan-China relation was not only the simple relations of country to country; two countries were influenced by Confucian culture very deep in history, having the complicated emotion each other. This topic of this article is the Japan academic circle how to think and regard China in epistemology and methodology form modern times to now. This article orders the Japanese scholars in modern times how to regard China in first, then using the train of thought to conjecture the visions that contemporary Japan face ¡§China as an emerging superpower¡¨. Finally, the author compares Japan academic circle how to regard China to find out those thought communicates or joins during that time.

How are the two superpowers of the world using Twitter as a platform for gathering global support for their policies when tweeting about an ongoing international conflict? That is the question that is answered in this thesis through a small-N case study. A mixed-method content analysis, based on security branding and generic framing, was applied to the data to determine how security branding is used by the actors to acquire social power. The findings suggest that China is using the situation to throw mud at, and question the morality of, the US and its behavior in international relations. The US is tweeting on a broader spectrum of topics. These topics include how the US and its allies and partners have supported Ukraine and taken action to weaken Russia. Another vital topic found is that the US uses Twitter to display its disagreement with the actions taken by Russia and Vladimir Putin in Ukraine.