Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-11-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:13:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lopes_fcm_me_arafcf.pdf: 1215814 bytes, checksum: 2de6c465b975eaaa27d7ce7f25d86472 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The use of natural resources as treatment and healing for diseases is as old as the human species. However, most of all plant species were not investigated chemistry or biologically. Many plants used in the traditional medicine modulate the immunological response. The immune system is a remarkably adaptive defense system that has evolved in vertebrates to protect them from invading pathogenic microorganisms and cancer. Macrophages play an important role in this system because they are cells capable to secrete many biological active products such as reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and cytokines. In this work, methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction obtained from Alchornea triplinervia and Alchornea glandulosa were studied in the murine immune system using peritoneal macrophages cultures from Swiss mice. Cell viability assays were realized to assure the experimental development. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) were determined by espectrophotometric procedures and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) The ability of methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction to stimulate or inhibit the murine immune system was evaluated. These plants didn't show immunostimulating properties, once liberation of H2O2, NO and TNF-α were not observed. However, extracts and fractions from both plants, strongly inhibited NO and H2O2 production induced by LPS and PMA, respectively. Production of TNF-α by LPS-stimulated macrophages was partially inhibited. The concentration of 15,62αg/mL from A. triplinervia methanolic extract (cellular viability > 95%) showed to inhibit 88,35% of H2O2, 52,54% of NO and 10,41% of TNF-α production. The ethyl acetate fraction of the same plant and concentration (cellular viability > 90%), inhibited 72,25% of H2O2, 47,80% of NO and 16,41% of TNF-α production. Regarding the A. glandulosa methanolic extract...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:43:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lopes_fcm_dr_arafcf.pdf: 1909059 bytes, checksum: 974b3ea32c4f5b47c9236b3e9490981c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Produtos naturais têm contribuído intensamente para o desenvolvimento da terapêutica moderna. As plantas produzem um vasto número de substâncias, que em estado natural ou após sofrerem transformações químicas, possuem diversas atividades farmacológicas. Fungos endofíticos, organismos que vivem no interior das plantas, também podem representar novas fontes de produtos biologicamente ativos. Atualmente, a relação causal entre inflamação, imunidade inata e câncer é largamente aceita. O envolvimento de mediadores inflamatórios, como óxido nítrico (NO) e citocinas, gerados por macrófagos ativados, na patogênese das doenças inflamatórias já está bem estabelecido. Além disso, a inibição da angiogênese tem sido reconhecida como uma promissora abordagem terapêutica para o controle do crescimento tumoral, das metástases e das doenças inflamatórias crônicas. Alchornea glandulosa Poepp & Endl. (Euphorbiaceae) é uma planta com conhecida atividade antiinflamatória que está distribuída do sudeste ao sul do Brasil, principalmente na Mata Atlântica e no Cerrado. O potencial antiinflamatório, antitumoral e antiangiogênico dos compostos obtidos a partir da planta (fração acetato de etila e os compostos puros isoquercitrina, afzelina, ácido gálico, pteroginina e pteroginidina) e de fungos endofíticos presentes no interior das suas folhas (extratos acetato de etila ALG-A, ALG-02 e ALG-03) foram estudados por meio de experimentos utilizando-se culturas de macrófagos murinos, linhagens tumorais murinas de câncer de mama (LM2) e pulmão (LP07) e culturas de células endoteliais de veia umbilical humana (HUVEC). Ensaios de determinação de óxido nítrico (reagente de Griess), citocinas pró-inflamatórias TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 e IL-12 (ELISA), atividade citotóxica (MTT) e avaliação da taxa de inibição do crescimento de tumores tratados com injeção... / Natural products have contributed enormously to the development of important therapeutic drugs used currently in modern medicine. Plants produce a vast number of compounds that, either directly or after chemical modifications, exert pharmacological activities. Endophytic fungi, organisms which live in plants, are also being recognized as new sources of biological active substances. Nowadays, the relationship among inflammation, innate immunity and cancer are widely accepted. Inflammatory mediators as nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by activated macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Besides that, angiogenesis inhibition has been accepted as a promising therapy for the control of tumor growth, metastasis and also chronic inflammatory conditions. Alchornea glandulosa Poepp & Endl. (Euphorbiaceae) is a plant that demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity. It can be found in Brazil, distributed from southeast to south, mainly in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. The anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antiangiogenic potential of the compounds obtained from this plant (ethyl acetate fraction and the pure compounds isoquercitrin, afzelin, gallic acid, pterogynine and pterogynidine) and from the endophytic fungi present in its leaves (ALG-A, ALG-02 and ALG-03 ethyl acetate extracts) were studied using macrophage cultures, tumor cell lines (LM2 and LP07) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). To evaluate anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity, in vitro assays were utilized to determine NO (Griess reagent), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12 proinflammatory cytokines (ELISA) and cytotoxicity (MTT). Tumor growth inhibition rate was also studied in vivo. Apoptosis (TUNEL assay), proliferation (bromodeoxiuridine – BrdU), invasion (double-chamber assay), capillary-like structures formation (matrigel) and NFκB activity (ELISA) were realized to study... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)