Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1981. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 298-308).

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1957 S63 / Master of Science

In Painting in Paris: Vincent Van Gogh, 1886-1888, Christa DiMarco explores the two-year period Van Gogh lived and worked in Paris. The paintings the artist made in The Netherlands, where he lived prior to Paris, and those he produced in Arles, where he moved afterward, usually receive scholarly attention. The imagery from the artist’s time in the capital is generally marginalized. DiMarco considers how and why the artist used a brighter palette and energetic brushwork while painting in Paris. Considering that his artistic practice spanned only a decade from 1880 to 1890, the artist’s time in the capital represents a significant period of growth in terms of his engagement with the art market, his exposure to avant-garde imagery, and his understanding of Symbolist theory in the visual arts. Van Gogh accomplished significant goals in Paris, though some of his well-developed imagery does not necessarily figure into discussions regarding the canonical paintings of the artist’s body of work. Attention to the Paris-period not only locates Van Gogh’s pictorial development within the context of the Impressionists and Neo-Impressionists, but also establishes the ways in which the artist diverged from the artistic aims of the Parisian avant-garde, such as Claude Monet and Camille Pissarro, as he developed his Symbolic approach. / Art History

Alternative food networks (AFNs) are the focus of an ‘explosive growth’ of research in Europe (Goodman 2004), and the term covers a wide range of activities, from food banks, community gardens, and farmers’ markets, to community supported or organic agriculture. However, there is an impasse in differing positions over whether AFNs represent an exclusionary place-based ‘quality turn’ (Ilbery and Kneafsey 2000), or whether they contribute to inclusive local communities, sustainability and food security (Tregear 2011, Kirwan and Maye 2013). This research aimed to clarify these debates, through exploration of UK allotments as a benchmark for AFNs, using the case of Plymouth, SW England. A political ecology perspective of social-ecological systems (Ostrom 2008) was used to investigate the activities, relations and governance involved in allotments and AFNs, organised through the concepts of multidimensional capital assets (Bebbington 1999). This research demonstrates how activities on allotments involve human, social, cultural, natural and political capital assets, encompassing both basic food security and a quality turn towards ‘good food’ (Sage 2003). Taking the long view, it is seen that the relative importance of the different asset dimensions are contingent on wider socio-political settings. Relations on allotments illustrate the building of social capital, which extends to wider communities of interest, practice and place (Harrington et al. 2008), and which involves values of social justice that can be explained as diverse or care economies (Gibson-Graham 2008, Dowler et al. 2010). However, the politics and governance of allotments are largely influenced by neoliberal policies that favour oligopolistic and transnational food systems and restrict urban land allocations for place-based food initiatives. Present-day urban population densities are at levels far higher than envisaged for the original garden cities. Nevertheless, alliances at neighbourhood, city, regional, national and transnational scales are coalescing around the values represented in the original setting up of the UK allotment system: of self-reliance, human-scale settlements and the restorative value of the natural environment. Any realization of the potential contribution of allotments and AFNs to the sustainability and resilience of food supplies for urban populations (Armitage et al. 2008, Folke et al. 2010) ultimately depends on multilevel responses to a large range of challenges. Finally, the thesis contends that, in the present day, evidence is building up around the potential of allotments and many other AFN activities, or place-based food systems, to meet multiple policy objectives through aligned values.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:49:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RENATO MEDEIROS DE SOUZA.pdf: 974335 bytes, checksum: be59b2c0e483692792eb66aa1fbed9fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-04 / The present study sought to analyze and understand the reason for the existence and growth of gated communities in Goiania. This type of housing arises in the 1970s, but recently received a new impulse, which demonstrates the desire for security and exclusivity of collective spaces. The search for security, in constant flight of urban violence has contributed to the increase of this type of housing. The results show that the environment of horizontal condominiums has good security, being the main aspects related to that the presence of physical barriers that surround the restricted and controlled access and other security devices such as cameras and closed circuit TV. Therefore, to analyze and contextualize this process was the basis for the discussion of this work. / O presente trabalho buscou analisar e compreender o motivo da existência e do crescimento dos condomínios fechados em Goiânia. Esse tipo de habitação surge na década de 1970, mas recentemente recebeu um novo impulso, que demonstra os desejos de segurança e exclusividade dos espaços coletivos. A busca por segurança, na constante fuga da violência urbana, tem contribuído para o aumento desse modelo de habitação. Os resultados mostram que o ambiente dos condomínios fechados horizontais apresenta uma boa segurança interna, sendo os principais aspectos relacionados a isso a presença das barreiras físicas que os circundam; o acesso restrito e controlado e outros aparatos de segurança como câmeras e circuito de TV. Portanto, analisar e contextualizar esse processo foi a base da discussão desse trabalho.

The allotments scheme was a complex and diverse social, political, and economic movement that provided the labouring classes with small plots of land, usually no larger than one-eighth of an acre, on which to grow vegetables. From the late nineteenth century to the end of the First World War in 1918, the East End of London experienced an overwhelming increase in allotment cultivation and provision. Working-class men in the boroughs of Hackney, Poplar, East Ham, and West Ham participated in the allotments scheme for a variety of reasons. Allotments were places in which a working man could grow his own food with his familys help to supplement low, casual or seasonal wages, and his gardening kept him out of the pub and on the land. During the war period, food prices increased to intolerable levels in the East End so that the allotment was one of the few ways to reasonably feed the family, especially for the casual dockers. East Enders maintained personal and collective connections to the land that they had lost both through the Enclosure Acts of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the urban sprawl of the early twentieth century. Finally, allotment gardening provided the healthy leisure activities of exercise, horticultural education, and civic participation. </p><p>The allotment was embedded in a social ethic that espoused industriousness, sobriety, respectability, and independence and in this way was a middle class solution to a working class problem. Yet, working men adopted the scheme as their own with enthusiasm and dedication and created natural spaces in the degraded landscape of the East End. By 1916, with the passage of the Cultivation of Lands Order, the East End boasted thousands of allotments growing vegetables on Londons vacant lots largely due to the persistent demands of residents on their local borough councils. The allotment association provided East End men with an unparalleled opportunity for grassroots political participation and gave way to a marked increase in working-class political awareness during the period. East Enders gained a foothold in local, regional, metropolitan, and later national politics for the first time in decades. The allotment in the East End also significantly changed the environment in which it was situated. The green space improved the esthetic of the area, adding to the general well-being of all of the boroughs citizens. East End allotments brought life to an area that many believed was lifeless. Not only did working men prove they could bring their sooty surroundings to life, but that they could also bring back to life the long-latent self-sufficiency of their ancestors. They were attracted to the scheme at a higher rate than many of the other 28 London boroughs because of their poverty, their maintained connection to green space, their cultural and political interest in land, and their profound sense of the loss of the land and the independence it brought.

The allotments scheme was a complex and diverse social, political, and economic movement that provided the labouring classes with small plots of land, usually no larger than one-eighth of an acre, on which to grow vegetables. From the late nineteenth century to the end of the First World War in 1918, the East End of London experienced an overwhelming increase in allotment cultivation and provision. Working-class men in the boroughs of Hackney, Poplar, East Ham, and West Ham participated in the allotments scheme for a variety of reasons. Allotments were places in which a working man could grow his own food with his familys help to supplement low, casual or seasonal wages, and his gardening kept him out of the pub and on the land. During the war period, food prices increased to intolerable levels in the East End so that the allotment was one of the few ways to reasonably feed the family, especially for the casual dockers. East Enders maintained personal and collective connections to the land that they had lost both through the Enclosure Acts of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the urban sprawl of the early twentieth century. Finally, allotment gardening provided the healthy leisure activities of exercise, horticultural education, and civic participation. </p><p>The allotment was embedded in a social ethic that espoused industriousness, sobriety, respectability, and independence and in this way was a middle class solution to a working class problem. Yet, working men adopted the scheme as their own with enthusiasm and dedication and created natural spaces in the degraded landscape of the East End. By 1916, with the passage of the Cultivation of Lands Order, the East End boasted thousands of allotments growing vegetables on Londons vacant lots largely due to the persistent demands of residents on their local borough councils. The allotment association provided East End men with an unparalleled opportunity for grassroots political participation and gave way to a marked increase in working-class political awareness during the period. East Enders gained a foothold in local, regional, metropolitan, and later national politics for the first time in decades. The allotment in the East End also significantly changed the environment in which it was situated. The green space improved the esthetic of the area, adding to the general well-being of all of the boroughs citizens. East End allotments brought life to an area that many believed was lifeless. Not only did working men prove they could bring their sooty surroundings to life, but that they could also bring back to life the long-latent self-sufficiency of their ancestors. They were attracted to the scheme at a higher rate than many of the other 28 London boroughs because of their poverty, their maintained connection to green space, their cultural and political interest in land, and their profound sense of the loss of the land and the independence it brought.

The thesis deals with the phenomenon of allotment gardening and allotment sites. These days, numerous sites have to face the threat of extinction, which may be caused by insufficient evaluation of their role in the city environment. The aim of the research of allotment sites is to point out their social, economic and particularly environmental benefits for the city. The first part of the thesis concerns the origin, development and current state of allotment gardening in Europe and Czech lands (particularly in cities). Allotment gardening is then examined in the context of sustainable development, with regard to its environmental, social, economic as well as legal and political aspects. The second part of the thesis describes the case study in Jenerálka, allotment site in Prague. The study investigates the development, current state of the site and its position within the city. In addition, it analyses the role of the site both in the lives of gardeners and for Prague.

In rural areas of the eastern United States, which adhere to the metes and bounds system of land division, descriptions of land not based on surveys are commonly found in deeds of conveyance. A common element of these descriptions in which boundaries are not defined by bearings and distances is an estimation of acreage at the terminus of the description. The objectives of this research are to investigate the accuracy of acreage estimated in descriptions not based on surveys and determine if characteristics of the land described are significant in explaining the variability of the accuracy measures obtained. These objectives are accomplished by: (1) establishment of accuracy of measuring parcel size from aerial photography; (2) comparison of acreage estimate in descriptions with measured parcel size; (3) the over-assessment of variables, such as parcel size, in conjunction with the comparison of deeded acreage to mapped parcel acreage. This study is based on data obtained from public records in Morgan County, Kentucky, a rural eastern Kentucky county. A sample of 204 parcels was examined. The results indicate that parcel acreage estimated in deeds averages 12.9 percent more than acreage measured from aerial photographs. Parcel size was the only significant variable explaining variation in the comparison of described acreage to mapped parcel acreage. Background information, methods of investigation, and results and conclusions are included. / M.S.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta tese busca analisar a formaÃÃo de uma elite conquistadora na Capitania do Siarà Grande entre os anos de 1679 e 1720, entendendo que o processo de conquista territorial da capitania fez parte da conjuntura polÃtica e econÃmica de afirmaÃÃo dos domÃnios do ImpÃrio ultramarino portuguÃs perante a concorrÃncia de outros Estados Modernos a partir do limiar do sÃculo XVII. A formaÃÃo desta elite conquistadora foi fundamentada a partir do esgarÃamento da relaÃÃo entre Estado e sociedade na medida em que o contexto de guerra contra os gentios, a afirmaÃÃo dos domÃnios territoriais e a prestaÃÃo de serviÃos a Coroa portuguesa, permitiram que as experiÃncias sociais dos sujeitos histÃricos envolvidos se sobrepusessem as normativas impostas pela prÃpria metrÃpole. Evidencia-se esta relaÃÃo nas sesmarias concedidas pela participaÃÃo na guerra justa contra os gentios, quebrando os padrÃes de legalidade, nos arranjos da administraÃÃo da concessÃo de terras pelos capitÃes-mores e no conflito entre sesmeiros, governanÃa local e o juiz das sesmarias, CristÃvÃo Soares ReimÃo, no processo de mediÃÃo e demarcaÃÃo das terras da capitania. Desta maneira, defende-se a hipÃtese de que a efetiva conquista dos sertÃes e das ribeiras do Siarà Grande foi parte integrante da polÃtica lusitana em um contexto de redefiniÃÃes de hegemonias imperiais na Europa e nas Ãreas coloniais e se utilizou da concessÃo de mercà â tais como: patentes militares, tÃtulos distintivos, cargos administrativos e, principalmente, sesmarias â como a forma de ârecrutamentoâ de seus agentes coloniais. O corpus documental da tese à composto por manuscritos avulsos do Conselho Ultramarino (referentes Ãs capitanias do Siarà Grande, Rio Grande, Pernambuco, MaranhÃo e ParaÃba), legislaÃÃo referente a sesmarias (OrdenaÃÃes, Decretos, AlvarÃs e Ãditos RÃgios), cartas de sesmarias e registros de mercÃs do Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo. / This dissertation aims to analyze the formation of a conquering elite in the captaincy of Siarà Grande between 1679 and 1720, considering that the process of conquest of the captaincy was part of the political and economic conjuncture of affirmation of the domains of the Portuguese Overseas Empire, in the face of the competition presented by other Modern States from the early seventeenth century onwards. The formation of this conquering elite was based on the fraying of the relationship between the State and the society; as far as the context of war against the gentiles, the affirmation of the territorial controls and the provision of services to the Portuguese Crown allowed the social experience of the historical subjects involved to overlap the regulations imposed by the metropolis itself, as it is evident in the allotments awarded due to the participation in the just war against the gentiles, breaking the legal standards, in the arrangements of the administration of the land by the captain-generals and in the conflict between the owners of the sesmarias, local government and the judge of the sesmarias, CristÃvÃo Soares ReimÃo, in the process of measurement and demarcation of the captaincyâs land. It is advocated the hypothesis that the effective conquest of Siarà Grande capitancy was fully part of the portuguese policy in a context of redefinitions of the imperial hegemonies in Europe and in the colonial areas and used the concession of benefits (mercÃs) â such as military ranks, distinctive titles, administrative positions and, mainly, allotments (sesmarias) â as the way to recruit the colonial agents. The documental sources of the dissertation consists of loose manuscripts from the Overseas Council (regarding the captaincies of Siarà Grande, Rio Grande, Pernambuco, MaranhÃo e ParaÃba), legislations concerning to sesmarias (Ordinances, Decrees, Licenses and Royal Charters), sesmarias letters and records of benefits (mercÃs) from the Torre do Tombo National Archive.