A tese desenvolvida neste trabalho trata de formas específicas de produção do espaço nas regiões de fronteira urbana. Investiga o caso de dois assentamentos clandestinos localizados no extremo da zona leste da cidade de São Paulo. Nossa hipótese identifica o início da década de 80 como um ponto de inflexão na dinâmica espacial da cidade, provocada por novos marcos regulatórios e pela ação de movimentos de luta por moradia. significa ainda uma tentativa de nomear processos e práticas relacionadas a formas específicas de apropriação do espaço, diferenciando do conceito de periferia, que não mais compreende a dinâmica espacial sócio-espacial da cidade nestas regiões. / This tesis deals with specific forms of the prodution of space at the edges of the city. It investigates the case of two illegal settlements located 22km from the city centre, at east zone. Our hypothesis sees the early 80\'s as a turning point in the spacial dynamics of the city, caused firstly by the introduction of new reglatory framework and secondly, by the rise of organized land occupation movements for housing. A central question is the attempt to nominate a set of processes and practices related to specific forms of space appropriation, that differentiate themselves from the ones practiced in the traditional concept of peripheral growth and that no longer follow the old socio-spacial city dinamic in these regions.

A tese desenvolvida neste trabalho trata de formas específicas de produção do espaço nas regiões de fronteira urbana. Investiga o caso de dois assentamentos clandestinos localizados no extremo da zona leste da cidade de São Paulo. Nossa hipótese identifica o início da década de 80 como um ponto de inflexão na dinâmica espacial da cidade, provocada por novos marcos regulatórios e pela ação de movimentos de luta por moradia. significa ainda uma tentativa de nomear processos e práticas relacionadas a formas específicas de apropriação do espaço, diferenciando do conceito de periferia, que não mais compreende a dinâmica espacial sócio-espacial da cidade nestas regiões. / This tesis deals with specific forms of the prodution of space at the edges of the city. It investigates the case of two illegal settlements located 22km from the city centre, at east zone. Our hypothesis sees the early 80\'s as a turning point in the spacial dynamics of the city, caused firstly by the introduction of new reglatory framework and secondly, by the rise of organized land occupation movements for housing. A central question is the attempt to nominate a set of processes and practices related to specific forms of space appropriation, that differentiate themselves from the ones practiced in the traditional concept of peripheral growth and that no longer follow the old socio-spacial city dinamic in these regions.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-08-28T18:15:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL AMORIM MARTINS DE SÁ.pdf: 897142 bytes, checksum: 175f1f43bc8c67996286c6f84f750b06 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-28T18:15:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL AMORIM MARTINS DE SÁ.pdf: 897142 bytes, checksum: 175f1f43bc8c67996286c6f84f750b06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-10 / One of the severe urban social problems in Brazil is the proliferation of irregular and clandestine allotments. Families who live in these areas face a hard social reality, since they do not possess the regular title of these properties, which contributes to an incessant instability or even legal insecurity. Inserted in this context is the question of public health, due to precarious conditions of hygiene and lack of basic sanitation. With the aim of minimizing or at least solving this problem, the Government has been taking some measures in order to equate the environmental issues found in these allotments. The first step was the entry in effect of Federal Law no. 11.977/2009 and later the Provisional Measure 759/2016, converted into Law by the National Congress and only pending on the presidential approval. Such legal instruments contemplate the regularization of land ownership of social concern, which loosens legal procedures, including the environmental ones, in order to regularize these allotments, which indeed exist, but lack juridical formalization In view of what has been exposed, this dissertation aimed to demonstrate, through analyzing juridical norms, researching already consolidated studies and also through the verification of administrative procedures for ordination of existent land allotments in Aparecida de Goiânia-GO, that the implementation of the regularization of land ownership of social concern in Brazil, especially in this city, is still deficient, since it is based on a contradictory and inefficient model, incorporating antagonism among environmental, social and legal issues. / Um dos graves problemas sociais urbanos no Brasil é a proliferação de loteamentos irregulares e clandestinos. As famílias que vivem nessas áreas experimentam uma dura realidade social, uma vez que não possuem o título regular de seus imóveis, o que contribui para uma constante instabilidade ou mesmo insegurança jurídica. Insere-se neste contexto a questão da saúde pública, em virtude das precárias condições de higiene e da falta de saneamento básico. Com o fito de minimizar ou mesmo solucionar esse problema, o poder público vem tomando medidas para equacionar as questões ambientais presentes nesses loteamentos. O primeiro passo foi a entrada em vigor da Lei Federal nº 11.977/2009, e, posteriormente, a Medida Provisória nº 759/2016, convertida em lei pelo Congresso Nacional, faltando apenas a sanção presidencial. Tais dispositivos legais contemplam as regularizações fundiárias de interesse social, o que flexibiliza os procedimentos legais, inclusive ambientais, a fim de regularizar esses parcelamentos, que, de fato, existem, porém carecem de formalização jurídica. Diante do exposto, esta dissertação buscou demonstrar, por meio da análise de normas jurídicas, de pesquisas em estudos já consolidados e, também, mediante a verificação de processos administrativos de ordenação de parcelamentos de solos existentes em Aparecida de Goiânia-GO, que a efetivação da regularização fundiária de interesse social no Brasil, em especial, nesse município, ainda é deficitária, visto que se baseia em um modelo contraditório e ineficiente, encerrando uma antinomia entre questões ambientais, sociais e legais.

<p>This thesis deals with the National Society Against Emigration (Sw.Nationalföreningen mot emigrationen) – referred to as the NE – and its radical right-wing leader Adrian Molin. Th e NE was founded in 1907 in order to stem the tide of emigration from Sweden and facilitate re-immigration by providing jobs and accomodation. Its many bureaus served as employment offi ces, land distribution centres and own-your-own-home companies, mainly aimed at creating smallholdings for Swedish working-class families.</p><p>The purpose of the study is to investigate the organization, concept and practise of the internal colonization of rural Sweden between 1907 and 1925. By following both the successes and setbacks of the NE during the first decades of the twentieth century, ideas and opportunities circulating in Swedish society in a time of wide-ranging ideological and material change are discussed. Questions in focus include why a society to prevent</p><p>emigration from Sweden emerged at that particular time; the function it served for both society and the state; the form internal colonization actually took and how it was conducted in comparison with other governmental and private agricultural reforms; and the attitude of the NE toward modernization in general. Theoretically the dissertation takes its point of departure in theories on nation-building and internal colonization (i.e., the establishment of small-scale farming and the cultivation of new land within the national borders), corporatism and attitudes toward modernization. The ideological analysis has been inspired by political scientist Michael Freeden´s theory of the construction of political ideologies via political concepts, as well as an analysis of the view of social categories such as gender, class and ethnicity. The source material is comprised of magazines, newspaper articles, letters and books and offi cial parliamentary publications. The practise of internal colonization has been studied with the aid of preserved accounts of the NE’s small-scale farming colonies, real estate documents, company reports, correspondance and further press materials.</p><p>The surge of anti-emigration attitudes is explained as a powerful reaction arising at the turn of the century due to the economic upswing in Swedish industry and the social transformations which followed in the 1890s, when the country was seen as a nation with a promising future. That Adrian Molin founded the NE in 1907 is viewed as a consequence of his nationalistic thought. Together with political scientist Prof. Rudolf Kjellén, Molin was one of the country´s foremost advocates of an integrative nationalism.</p><p>The NE was led by an elite of middle- and upper-class men involved in politics, industry and voluntary associations. Female members and representatives of the lower social classes were mostly absent. In general the NE neglected women in both speeches and plans, being preoccupied with ideas concerning the cultivation of middle-class Swedish men.</p><p>The NE became a co-actor in a corporative colonization eff ort sanctioned by government financing during the 1910s. In 1920 the NE’s projects were condemned as hierarchical and undemocratic in comparison with other own-home organizations. Many other own-home companies were built on a cooperative foundation,</p><p>while the NE was run by a national, regional, and local political and financial elite. Suspicions were raised about the raison d´être of the society. The state withdrew its subsidies and loans, and the NE lost it close connections with the government. Though conservative and reactionary in social issues, the NE cannot be characterized as critical of civilization or economic modernization of the country. Its programme intended to aid in the development</p><p>of both agriculture and industry. The creation of more smallholdings would help bridge the problematic transition between two systems, from agrarian to industrial society.</p>

This thesis deals with the National Society Against Emigration (Sw.Nationalföreningen mot emigrationen) – referred to as the NE – and its radical right-wing leader Adrian Molin. Th e NE was founded in 1907 in order to stem the tide of emigration from Sweden and facilitate re-immigration by providing jobs and accomodation. Its many bureaus served as employment offi ces, land distribution centres and own-your-own-home companies, mainly aimed at creating smallholdings for Swedish working-class families. The purpose of the study is to investigate the organization, concept and practise of the internal colonization of rural Sweden between 1907 and 1925. By following both the successes and setbacks of the NE during the first decades of the twentieth century, ideas and opportunities circulating in Swedish society in a time of wide-ranging ideological and material change are discussed. Questions in focus include why a society to prevent emigration from Sweden emerged at that particular time; the function it served for both society and the state; the form internal colonization actually took and how it was conducted in comparison with other governmental and private agricultural reforms; and the attitude of the NE toward modernization in general. Theoretically the dissertation takes its point of departure in theories on nation-building and internal colonization (i.e., the establishment of small-scale farming and the cultivation of new land within the national borders), corporatism and attitudes toward modernization. The ideological analysis has been inspired by political scientist Michael Freeden´s theory of the construction of political ideologies via political concepts, as well as an analysis of the view of social categories such as gender, class and ethnicity. The source material is comprised of magazines, newspaper articles, letters and books and offi cial parliamentary publications. The practise of internal colonization has been studied with the aid of preserved accounts of the NE’s small-scale farming colonies, real estate documents, company reports, correspondance and further press materials. The surge of anti-emigration attitudes is explained as a powerful reaction arising at the turn of the century due to the economic upswing in Swedish industry and the social transformations which followed in the 1890s, when the country was seen as a nation with a promising future. That Adrian Molin founded the NE in 1907 is viewed as a consequence of his nationalistic thought. Together with political scientist Prof. Rudolf Kjellén, Molin was one of the country´s foremost advocates of an integrative nationalism. The NE was led by an elite of middle- and upper-class men involved in politics, industry and voluntary associations. Female members and representatives of the lower social classes were mostly absent. In general the NE neglected women in both speeches and plans, being preoccupied with ideas concerning the cultivation of middle-class Swedish men. The NE became a co-actor in a corporative colonization eff ort sanctioned by government financing during the 1910s. In 1920 the NE’s projects were condemned as hierarchical and undemocratic in comparison with other own-home organizations. Many other own-home companies were built on a cooperative foundation, while the NE was run by a national, regional, and local political and financial elite. Suspicions were raised about the raison d´être of the society. The state withdrew its subsidies and loans, and the NE lost it close connections with the government. Though conservative and reactionary in social issues, the NE cannot be characterized as critical of civilization or economic modernization of the country. Its programme intended to aid in the development of both agriculture and industry. The creation of more smallholdings would help bridge the problematic transition between two systems, from agrarian to industrial society.

The interaction between climate and urban configuration can significantily affects the environmental comfort conditions, determining the urban microclimate. The research evaluates the microclimatic quality of a fraction of a horizontal residential settlement allotment, in the urban context of Maceió-AL, through the analysis of climatic variables, considering the attributes of existing urban configuration (present scenario), but also a future situation considering maximum occupancy (future scenario), in accordance to the local urban planning requirements. The methodological procedures were based on a qualitative perspective in the form of features diagnostic of the urban area, analysis of the solar exposure built arrangement, and quantitatively by mobile microclimatic measuring, and computer simulations of the thermal performance and dynamic, using the software ENVI-met 3.1 version. The area analysis confirmed the existence of different microclimates, according to land use, building orientation and thermal characteristics. The results of computer simulations have shown a difference of up to 6,6°C in air temperature and up to 0,44 m/s in reducing of average wind speed between the two scenarios analyzed, confirming the influence of some urban form attributes in microclimatic behavior, as the: density built, the thermodynamic characterized by lack of urban greening. From the results, highlights the importance of climate approach as a tool for urban planning, and how this can guide urban design decisions in order to minimize uncomfortable climatic situations in urban spaces. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / A interação do clima com a configuração e o uso do espaço urbano pode afetar de forma significativa as condições de conforto ambiental, determinando o microclima urbano. A pesquisa de mestrado avalia a qualidade microclimática de uma fração de um loteamento horizontal, no contexto urbano de Maceió-AL, através da análise das variáveis climáticas, considerando os atributos da configuração urbana existente (cenário atual), como também uma situação futura, quando da ocupação máxima edificada do loteamento (cenário futuro), de acordo com as prescrições urbanísticas atuais para o local. Os procedimentos metodológicos fundamentaram-se em uma ótica qualitativa através do diagnóstico das características da forma urbana da área estudada e análise da insolação do arranjo construtivo, e quantitativa, através de medições microclimáticas móveis, além de simulações computacionais do desempenho térmico e dinâmico, com o uso do programa ENVI-met versão 3.1. A análise da área confirmou a existência de microclimas diferenciados na malha urbana do loteamento estudado, de acordo com a ocupação do solo, orientação do arranjo construtivo e características térmicas das superfícies. Os resultados das simulações computacionais comprovaram uma diferença de até 6,6 °C na temperatura do ar e de até 0,44 m/s na redução da velocidade média do vento entre os dois cenários analisados, confirmando-se a influência de alguns atributos da forma urbana no comportamento microclimático, como: a densidade construída, as características termodinâmicas dos materiais de revestimento do solo, além da ausência de sombreamento caracterizada pela carência de arborização urbana. A partir dos resultados obtidos, evidencia-se a importância da avaliação climática como ferramenta para o planejamento urbano, e como esta pode orientar decisões projetuais para amenizar possíveis situações de desconforto em espaços urbanos.

L’urbanisation représente aujourd’hui une des grandes menaces pour l’environnement, notamment dans les zones littorales où l’exploitation des ressources naturelles est plurielle. Ce travail propose d’apporter une connaissance à deux échelles d’analyse, régionale et communale, sur les changements environnementaux qui ont eu lieu pendant 70 ans d’urbanisation de la Região dos Lagos, située dans l’État de Rio de Janeiro au Brésil. Le phénomène d’urbanisation est caractérisé par deux processus menant à la consommation des espaces naturels et anthropo-naturels : l’extension et la densification urbaines. Ces deux processus posent des questions sur la durabilité de ces espaces, dans une région où l’habitat individuel, à faible densité bâtie et de population, sous la forme de lotissements destinés à l’utilisation temporaire est prédominant. Le lotissement et le logement sont deux éléments d’analyse pratique permettant de comprendre : le développement de l’urbanisation au niveau communal, à partir d’un regard historique et spatial ; et le choix de la localisation des lotissements et leurs caractéristiques d’occupation. Le renvoi à l’échelle régionale montre en effet que toute la région subit les mêmes processus de consommation des espaces naturels et anthropo-naturels et que la durabilité est à l’épreuve des changements des relations homme-nature, fortement touchées par des enjeux environnementaux variés. / Urbanization represents nowadays one of the great threats to the environment, mainly in the coastal zones, where the exploitation of natural resources is diversified. This thesis proposes to put in evidence, in two scales of analysis, the environmental changes, during 70 years of Região dos Lagos urbanization, a region situated in Rio de Janeiro State, in Brazil. The urbanization phenomenon is characterized by two process leading to the natural and anthropic-natural spaces consummation : urban extension and densification. These two processes put in question the sustainability of natural and anthropic-natural spaces, in the region where individual habitat, at low built and population density, characterized by residential allotments are often used temporarily. The allotments and the habitat are two elements of practical analysis that highlight the urbanization development at municipal scale, in an historical and spatial structure, and that to induce hypothesis that have oriented the choices of allotments localization and its characteristics of occupation. The return to the regional scale highlight effectively that all the region has been undergone the same natural and anthropic-natural spaces consummation processes, and sustainability is taken by human and nature relations changes, strongly affected by different environmental concerns.

This thesis Case Study of the Garden Allotment Chvalka is in its first part focused on the history and current status of allotment in selected European countries and especially in the Czech Republic. The study also deals with the important theories for this topic - Theories of garden allotment as a positive model of society according to Jan Keller, Theories of post-materialistic values of Ronald Inglehart and Theories of voluntary and deliberate modesty by Hana Librova. The entire study also permeates the Theory of sustainable development with its four pillars. Further in the thesis we can find a methodological part, which explains the procedures that were used to obtain information in the theoretical part and the methods that were used in the research. In the research part, the thesis focuses on the settlers and examining their motivation for gardening, what features has garden for them, which values they profess in the settlement, etc. The thesis also examines whether and how is influenced the gardeners thinking about nature by the gardening. This thesis gives a comprehensive picture of life in the settlement Chvalka with detailed presentation of gardeners and their relationships. This thesis in its result outlines the benefits that garden settlements brings to society and the consequences that...

This work is based on the article by Jan Keller (2000) - Praise of Gardeners, in which Jan Keller mentioned garden allotments as places distatnt to globalized economy and consumerist lifestyle of today's world. The aim is to verify if the content of this article corresponds to the true situation in the selected garden allotments in Prague. This work can help to get an idea of the benefits of the garden allotments not only for gardeners but for all inhabitants of the capital. For this purpose, I conducted a field research accompanied by a number of interviews in the garden allotments. Technomat and Cibulka in Prague. I have gained a lot of informations about life in the garden allotments as well as about the relationship of the respondents to their own gardens. I watched whether and to what extend is the life in the garden allotments influenced by the economic, ecological, social and propert-legal aspects. Research shows that gardeners actually live a non-consumerist way of life and partly resisting market mechanism, but only inside of the garden allotments, not outside. Their environmental friendly behavior is due to external factors rather than internal as personal beliefs. The garden allotments do not have such important role in social terms as it may seem at the first sight, but on the other...

In most cases in a deceased person’s estate, there are problems with co-ownership where more than one family member inherits the deceased family estate assets. To escape the perils of co-ownership the beneficiaries consensually agree to divide the inherited communallyshared asset/s. This agreement can take place immediately after the death of the family estate owner or some time later regarding some or all of the said assets. On the conclusion of the division agreement, the contractual party who receives the awarded assets enjoys sole ownership and the other contractual parties by agreement retract their ownership. In a jurisprudential content analysis of forty-six recorded family deceased division agreements from Old Babylonian Larsa and Nippur, essential elements are identified which are the framework and qualification requirements for a family deceased division agreement. Within this framework the concepts, terms and elements of the agreement are categorised as natural and incidental elements, which reflect the specific law traditions and choices of contractual parties and show the unique scribal traditions in the different Old Babylonian city-states of Larsa, Nippur and Sippar. The aim of the study is to shed a more focused light on the interpretation of recorded Old Babylonian division agreements and to show that the division agreement was a successful, timeless, estate administration mechanism and tool to obviate any undesirable consequences of co-ownership of the bequeathed property. / Old Testament & Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies)