A dissertação examina o almanaque Der Familienfreund – katholischer hauskalender und wegweiser (O amigo da família – almanaque católico e guia), um impresso produzido e em circulação no Rio Grande do Sul entre 1912 e 1956, redigido majoritariamente em língua alemã em todas as suas edições. Este almanaque foi editado pela Tipografia do Centro e idealizado por Hugo Metzler,. Na idealização deste impresso, esteve presente o vínculo com a igreja católica, mais especificamente com os Jesuítas. O estudo adota os pressupostos teóricos da História Cultural e da história da cultura escrita, sob inspiração dos estudos de Roger Chartier. São analisadas as trinta e oito edições do almanaque e estabelecidas relações com outros impressos. Como documentação complementar, foram produzidos documentos orais a partir da realização de entrevistas com dois leitores do impresso e com pessoas que tiveram o contato com o mesmo ou familiaridade com os impressos produzidos em língua alemã no Rio Grande do Sul. A partir do corpus empírico, a análise intentou compreender seus contextos de produção e circulação, bem como os usos desse impresso. Com esta finalidade, fez-se uma aproximação à materialidade das edições, ou seja, dos suportes nos quais os textos são organizados, os dispositivos textuais e tipográficos, os protocolos de leitura, em especial as imagens e as escolhas editoriais. Constatou-se que as marcas editorias do gênero almanaque caracterizam fortemente este impresso. A temática religiosa apresenta-se recorrente, como também temáticas diversas. A importância do impresso à sua comunidade de leitores pôde ser percebida nas entrevistas realizadas, assim como a sua circulação nas cidades do interior, especificamente na região de Arroio do Meio. A aquisição deste por meio de um empréstimo consignado, em casas de comércio ou na própria escola, pode ser afirmada, inferindo-se também uma possível circulação entre as autoridades religiosas. A influência religiosa, assim como a semelhança com almanaques editados na Alemanha, foram igualmente constatadas. Os protocolos de leitura enunciados nas capas de algumas edições do almanaque foram reafirmados nas entrevistas realizadas, que ressaltaram a leitura compartilhada e, também, o acesso da família ao impresso, ou seja, prevaleceu a ideia de ser um impresso destinado a toda a família, sem conteúdo impróprio para crianças. A relação entre o impresso e a preocupação de membros da comunidade católica com o que consideravam leitura “má” e leitura “boa” para suas comunidades de leitores foi evidenciada. Para além do caráter religioso, o almanaque Der Familienfreund cumpriu a função de oferecer leituras instrutivas, formativas e servir de instrumento de coesão étnico-cultural junto às comunidades dos teuto-católicos. Disseminou informações diversas. A importância que o gênero impresso estudado e, especificamente, o almanaque Der Familienfreund teve em sua área de circulação pôde ser considerado com esta dissertação: este foi um artefato de informação e entretenimento, com caráter moralizador e com a intenção de unir e informar a comunidade teuto-católica, uma das poucas opções de leitura de sua comunidade de leitores. / This thesis examines the almanac Der Familienfreund - katholische haus kalender und wegweiser (The Family Friend - Catholic Almanac and Guide), which was produced and published in Rio Grande do Sul between 1912 and 1956. With almost all its editions in German, this almanac was published by Tipografia do Centro and was designed by Hugo Metzler. Its idealization involved the Catholic Church, more specifically the Jesuits. The study adopts the theoretical assumptions of Cultural History and History of Written Culture, assuming Roger Chartier’s studies. Thirty eight almanac editions and other relevant material were analyzed. To help the analysis, interviews with two readers of the almanac and with people who had contact with it or with other printed material in German were carried out. From that, oral documents were produced. The empirical corpus analysis aimed to understand the almanac’s contexts of production and circulation, as well as its uses. With this objective, the analysis attempted to comprehend the utilization of this material, the textual and typographical devices, the reading protocols, and especially the images and editorial choices. It was noticed that editorial marks of this genre strongly characterized this almanac. Religious and various other themes were present in this material. The importance of the almanac to its community of readers could be noticed in the interviews, as well as in its circulation in the countryside, especially around Arroio do Meio, Rio Grande do Sul. The acquisition of the almanac through a payroll loan in trading houses or at schools could be claimed, as well as the circulation among religious authorities. The religious influence and its similarity to almanacs published in Germany could be noticed. The reading protocols in the cover of some editions were reinforced in the interviews, emphasizing the reading was shared among all the family. In this sense, the idea of being an almanac to the whole family prevailed, since there was no inappropriate content for children. It was observed that there was a relation between the almanac and what the members of the Catholic community considered "bad" and "good" reading. In addition to the religious feature, the almanac Der Familienfreund fulfilled its function of offering instructive readings and it was an ethnocultural cohesion instrument in the German-Catholics communities, also spreading information. This thesis highlights the importance of the studied genre and the value of Der Familienfreund almanac in its circulation area: the almanac was a mean of information and entertainment, with a moralizing feature and the intention to unite and inform the German-Catholic community, since it was one of the few reading options at that time.

Universidade Federal do Cearà / O estudo aborda o Almanaque, gÃnero editorial de ampla circulaÃÃo durante o sÃculo XIX, com foco entre os anos de 1870 e 1908 no CearÃ. Como fonte e objeto de pesquisa, o Almanaque conecta-se à histÃria do livro e da leitura no Brasil, contribuindo para o conhecimento sobre a difusÃo do impresso, formaÃÃo de cÃrculos de leituras e redes de leitores, realizando ainda o estÃmulo à escrita por diferentes caminhos. Conjugando formato, conteÃdo e linguagem de maior acesso, esses impressos contribuÃram para formaÃÃo e ampliaÃÃo do pÃblico leitor, promovendo intercÃmbios culturais nos diversos espaÃos das provÃncias, entre pontos do Brasil, com Portugal e outros paÃses. Como espaÃo de experimentaÃÃo editorial, os Almanaques incorporaram de forma gradual as mudanÃas promovidas pelas inovaÃÃes tÃcnicas, testaram novos conteÃdos e formas de contar, mantendo-se sempre vinculados Ãs necessidades sociais e culturais de marcaÃÃo do tempo. O Almanaque à tambÃm visto prescrevendo leituras, promovendo o livro, articulando circuitos do impresso. / The study is about the Almanac, an editorial genre in wide circulation during the nineteenth century, focusing between the years 1870 and 1908 in CearÃ. As a source and object of resource, the Almanac connects to the history of books and reading in Brazil, contributing to knowledge about the distribution of printed, forming circles of readings and networks of readers, making even the stimulus for writing for different paths. Combining format, content and language of greater access, these forms have contributed to the formation and expansion of the readership, promoting cultural exchanges in different areas of the provinces, between points in Brazil, Portugal and other countries. Like editorial spaces of experimentation, the Almanacs gradually incorporated the changes promoted by technical innovations, new content and tested ways of telling, keeping always linked to social and cultural needs of timekeeping. The Almanac is also seen reading, prescribing, promoting the book, linking the printed circuits.

A unique methodology for forecasting weather based on geocentric planetary alignments originated in ancient Mesopotamia. The method, called astrometeorology, was further developed by Greek, Arab, and Renaissance scientists including Ptolemy, Al-Kindi, Tycho Brahe and Joannes Kepler. A major 17th century effort to test the method in a Baconian fashion was made by John Goad. Building on the ideas of Kepler and Goad, I test an isolated component of the method, specifically a correlation between geocentric Sun-Saturn alignments and cold temperatures, using modern daily temperature data from New England, Central England, Prague and other locations. My hypothesis states there is a correlation, shown in daily temperature records, between cooling trends in specific regions and the geocentric alignments of the Sun and the planet Saturn. The hypothesis is supported by a number of tests that show lower temperatures on days when Sun-Saturn alignments occur, especially when near the equinoxes. The astronomy of this positioning suggests that tidal forces on the atmosphere may be part of a mechanism that would explain this effect. The abandonment of planetary weather forecasting by the intellectual elite in 16th and 17th century Europe is next organized as a history and discussion. In the final section, applications of the methodology to climate cycles is explored, particularly in regard to a 1536-year recurring cycle of outer planets and a cycle of similar length found in climate records. In addition, an account of biological processes that are structured around astronomical cycles is presented.

En analysant les almanachs illustrés et les autres publications associatives [1880-1918], on tente de cerner la culture politique propre au milieu national-allemand d'Autriche. On étudie tout d'abord les lieux de mémoire mis en avant par les intellectuels et les leaders nationalistes, tels qu'ils se manifestent dans la liturgie politique et dans les grandes narrations historiques. On s'emploie à montrer que suivant leur degré de radicalité, les militants ne leur donnent pas le même éclairage et n'établissent pas la même hiérarchie entre les référents historiques. On montre également que les activistes observent très attentivement les organisations rivales [tchèques, slovènes, italiennes] et s'approprient leurs lieux de mémoire, tout en leur donnant une interprétation radicalement di é- rente. On montre ensuite que les leaders associatifs cherchent à mettre le sentiment d'appartenance locale au service du sentiment national. Pour ce faire, la jeune discipline de la Volkskunde [ethnologie nationaliste] leur apparaît comme un instrument adéquat, parce qu'elle théorise l'insertion des individus dans des cercles concentriques [famille, lignée, communauté linguistique, etc.]. On s'intéresse donc aux collections des petits musées locaux créés par les antennes locales des associations, au catalogue de leurs bibliothèques, qui ont toujours pour mission de sensibiliser les visiteurs aux spécificités de leur environnement géographique immédiat, et de leur montrer que ce dernier s'insère harmonieusement dans la grande nation allemande. / Working from an analysis of illustrated almanacs and other publications by nationalist organizations established in Austria between 1880 and 1918, this study attempts to outline the political culture of the German-national milieu in Austria. It focuses first on the significant landmarks of historical memory which nationalist intellectuals and leaders called attention to and which were highlighted in the political commemorations and the grand historical narratives which they upheld. Our work shows that depending on their degree of radicalization, activists did not regard these landmarks in the same way, and they didn't establish the same hierarchy between them. It also reveals that activists observed rival [czech, solvene or italian] organizations very closely, and that they appropriated their signi cant "realms of memory", albeit with radically different interpretations. This study then attempts to explore how organization leaders sought to make the sentiment of local belonging serve the feeling of national belonging. With this aim in view, the new discipline known as Volkskunde [nationalist ethnology] was perceived as an adequate tool, because it provided a theoretical frame inserting individuals into a series of concentric circles [family, genealogical line, linguistic community, etc.]. This work looks at the collections of small local museums created by local branches of organizations, and at their library catalogues, whose mission was always to make visitors aware of the specificities of their immediate geographical surroundings and to show them how these surroundings were a part of the overall harmony of the great German nation.

MACAMBIRA, Débora Dias. Impressões do tempo: os Almanaques no Ceará (1870-1908). 2010. 227 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, Fortaleza-ce, 2010. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-22T16:09:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_DDMacambira.pdf: 15296399 bytes, checksum: 8eb1606ae2dcba16bb5cc928938c14cb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-06-25T11:40:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_DDMacambira.pdf: 15296399 bytes, checksum: 8eb1606ae2dcba16bb5cc928938c14cb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-25T11:40:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_DDMacambira.pdf: 15296399 bytes, checksum: 8eb1606ae2dcba16bb5cc928938c14cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / The study is about the Almanac, an editorial genre in wide circulation during the nineteenth century, focusing between the years 1870 and 1908 in Ceará. As a source and object of resource, the Almanac connects to the history of books and reading in Brazil, contributing to knowledge about the distribution of printed, forming circles of readings and networks of readers, making even the stimulus for writing for different paths. Combining format, content and language of greater access, these forms have contributed to the formation and expansion of the readership, promoting cultural exchanges in different areas of the provinces, between points in Brazil, Portugal and other countries. Like editorial spaces of experimentation, the Almanacs gradually incorporated the changes promoted by technical innovations, new content and tested ways of telling, keeping always linked to social and cultural needs of timekeeping. The Almanac is also seen reading, prescribing, promoting the book, linking the printed circuits. / O estudo aborda o Almanaque, gênero editorial de ampla circulação durante o século XIX, com foco entre os anos de 1870 e 1908 no Ceará. Como fonte e objeto de pesquisa, o Almanaque conecta-se à história do livro e da leitura no Brasil, contribuindo para o conhecimento sobre a difusão do impresso, formação de círculos de leituras e redes de leitores, realizando ainda o estímulo à escrita por diferentes caminhos. Conjugando formato, conteúdo e linguagem de maior acesso, esses impressos contribuíram para formação e ampliação do público leitor, promovendo intercâmbios culturais nos diversos espaços das províncias, entre pontos do Brasil, com Portugal e outros países. Como espaço de experimentação editorial, os Almanaques incorporaram de forma gradual as mudanças promovidas pelas inovações técnicas, testaram novos conteúdos e formas de contar, mantendo-se sempre vinculados às necessidades sociais e culturais de marcação do tempo. O Almanaque é também visto prescrevendo leituras, promovendo o livro, articulando circuitos do impresso.

Ce travail a pour finalité de définir exactement ce que représentent les vocables Wanderschaft et Wanderung dans la littérature non fictionnelle de langue allemande entre 1770 et 1850. Ces deux concepts désignent tout voyage effectué majoritairement à pied pour diverses motivations, mais peuvent aussi prendre des sens métaphoriques, essentiellement religieux. Par l’analyse aussi bien synchronique que diachronique du réseau lexical, ainsi qu’à l’aide d’une approche pluridisciplinaire de divers types de documents intégrant littérature, linguistique, théologie, historiographie, arts visuels, musique et journalisme, il a été possible d’établir non seulement la polysémie des deux mots, mais aussi quelles fonctions ces termes recouvrent, en les replaçant dans leur contexte global. La préférence a été donnée à l’écriture non fictionnelle (relations viatiques, guides, correspondance, ouvrages pédagogiques). Les auteurs des récits de voyages pédestres sont originaires de deux couches distinctes de la société de cette époque : d’une part, l’élite cultivée (un groupe composite en train de se développer, majoritairement originaire de la bourgeoisie aisée), et de l’autre, les Compagnons, oscillant suivant les cas entre la moyenne bourgeoisie et le prolétariat, soudain revalorisés socialement par la publication de leur carnet de voyage. Tous sont originaires des pays de langue allemande, y compris les parties germanophones du royaume du Danemark et de la Suisse. L’évolution de l’emploi et des fonctions de ces deux vocables, ainsi que de leur champ associatif, reflète celle des structures sociales, économiques et culturelles entre 1770 et 1850. Parallèlement, la réduction et la virtualisation du voyage pédestre, amorcées dans les parcs à l’anglaise aristocratiques, se poursuivent dans les panoramas urbains, les pièces ou le jardin des demeures, ainsi que dans les jeux de société. Enfin, l’analyse est complétée par l’examen de la réception des deux notions dans les journaux, périodiques et almanachs, ainsi que dans la littérature didactique pour la jeunesse, les chansons populaires et les arts visuels. / The ultimate goal of this work is to clarify the precise definitions of Wanderschaft and Wanderung in non-fictional writing in the German language between 1770 and 1850. Those two concepts refer to any journey, mainly done on foot, undertaken for a variety of motives, but they can also take on a metaphorical sense, primarily religious. By use of both synchronic and diachronic analysis of the lexical network, as well as with the help of a multidisciplinary approach to a variety of documents, integrating literature, linguistics, theology, historical texts, visual arts, music and journalism, it has been possible to establish, not only the polysemy of the two words, but also which functions these terms cover, by putting them into their global context. Preference has been given to non-fictional writing (accounts by travellers, correspondence, educational works). The authors of accounts of travels on foot in this period come from two distinct social classes: on one hand, the cultural elite (a composite group, just coming into being and originating mainly from the affluent bourgeoisie) and on the other hand, the Companions, ranging in different cases from the middle to the working class, suddenly given social validation by the publication of their travel notes. They all come from German-speaking countries, including parts of the Kingdom of Denmark as well as of Switzerland. The evolution of the use and functions of those two words, as well as their associative fields, mirrors that of the social, economic and cultural structures between 1770 and 1850. At the same tine,the scaling down and virtualisation of the pedestrian journey, initiated in aristocratic English-style parks, continue in urban panoramas, the rooms or the garden of grand houses, as well as in society's games. Finally, the analysis is completed by examining how the two notions are dealt with in newspapers, periodicals and almanacs, as well as in didactic literature for young people, popular songs and the visual arts.

Iatromathematics in medical discourse of early modern era: Czech lands before 1620 Mgr. Jakub Žytek, M.Phil. Abstract: This dissertation examines iatromathematics, or astrological medicine, in the early modern medicine of the Czech lands before 1620 (sources ranging from 1491 to 1619). It seeks to both comprehensively outline this specific and then quite standard medical doctrine as well as assess the role and significance of iatromathematics for the practice of the early modern physician and its position within the system of contemporary humoral medicine as a whole. Within the Czech study of the history of medicine, such a systematic treatment of the topic of iatromathematics is unprecedented. Having defined the historical framework of astrology in European cultural history and the concept of astrologia naturalis in the contemporaneous philosophy of nature, the thesis maps the tradition of iatromathematics in medieval sources of Czech origin and the development of the discipline in the early modern era. Then, employing textual analyses and interpretations, it examines various medical sources (books of prognostica, bloodletting booklets, almanacs, treatises on plague, phlebotomic instructions, health regiments) that focused on the influence and action of the heavenly bodies on human health. The thesis...

This thesis examines the medical content of Early Modern Swedish almanacs between the years 1608-1731. The aim of the study is to uncover the understanding of health, illness and the human body that is prevalent within the almanacs. This has been found to be strongly related to the medical paradigm of humorism, or Galenic Medicine. The almanacs also reveal the connection between the intellectual fields of medicine and astrology during the Early Modern Era, which I argue to be largely overlooked within the history of medicine in Sweden. Another central aspect of the study has been to analyze how the medical content and medical understanding changed during the studied period. The part of the almanacs called elections, were found to change quite drastically, and disappeared from the almanacs around 1700. When analyzing medical texts in the almanacs however, this change was not evident, indicating, among other results, that the relation between medicine and astrology remained.

O presente trabalho pretende analisar a construção de modelos femininos ideais e as disputas de poder entre homens e mulheres presentes nos textos do Almanaque Literário e Estatístico do Rio Grande do Sul e do Almanaque Popular Brasileiro, ambos editados em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, importante centro de cultura do Estado à época, num período de intensas transformações sociais: o limiar do século XIX para século XX. Os almanaques, originários da Europa Medieval, estão presentes no Brasil desde o Império, tendo atingido seu auge de expressão justamente no período ora analisado, graças ao florescimento da imprensa e da indústria editorial. São publicações de caráter plural, cujas páginas dividem seu espaço entre tradição e modernidade, senso-comum e ciência. Os dois almanaques analisados tiveram intensa circulação e importância em todo estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sendo reconhecidos também nacionalmente e internacionalmente. Nos almanaques, é possível perceber a construção e divulgação de modelos femininos desejados para a sociedade da época, bem como modelos que deveriam ser repudiados. Uma grande quantidade de discursos disciplinadores das relações de gênero foi encontrada nas páginas dos dois almanaques. Também foi possível evidenciar uma significativa presença feminina atuando como escritoras e colaboradoras, mulheres que, igualmente, manifestaram-se sobre as relações entre homens e mulheres e sobre papel das mulheres na sociedade. Desta forma, revelaram-se os almanaques um espaço tanto de fixação de condutas de gênero, bem como de disputas de poder. Através de textos, poesias, crônicas e anedotas foi possível verificar o que os almanaques trazem com relação às relações de gênero vivenciadas na virada do século XIX e início do século XX e, ainda, (re) conhecer a trajetória de muitas das colaboradoras dos almanaques, enquanto figuras atuantes na luta pela inclusão social das mulheres na sociedade. / The present study wants to analyze the construction of ideal female models and power disputes between genders presented in the texts of Literary and Statistical Almanac from Rio Grande do Sul and Brazilian Popular Almanac, both published in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, an important center of culture in the State at that time, in a period of intense social transformations: the threshold of the nineteenth to the twentieth century. The almanacs, originating in Medieval Europe, are present in Brazil since the Empire Time, reaching its height of expression in the period now analyzed, thanks to the flourishing of the press and publishing industry. In these publications there are a plural character, whose pages divide this space between tradition and modernity, common sense and science. Both almanacs analyzed had intense circulation and importance throughout the state of Rio Grande do Sul, also being recognized nationally and internationally. In the almanacs, it is possible to see the construction and dissemination of female models wanted for the society of that age as well as models that should be repudiated. A large amount of disciplinary discourses of gender relations was found in the pages of the two almanacs. It was also possible to show a significant presence of women working as writers and collaborators, women also showed up on the relationship between gender and the role of women in society. By this way, the almanacs proved both a fixing space of gender conduct as well as power struggles between genders. Through texts, poems, stories and anecdotes it was possible to understand what the almanacs bring related with respect to gender relations experienced at the turn of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, and also (re) learn the history of many collaborators from the almanacs while active figure in the fight for women social inclusion in the society.

O presente trabalho pretende analisar a construção de modelos femininos ideais e as disputas de poder entre homens e mulheres presentes nos textos do Almanaque Literário e Estatístico do Rio Grande do Sul e do Almanaque Popular Brasileiro, ambos editados em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, importante centro de cultura do Estado à época, num período de intensas transformações sociais: o limiar do século XIX para século XX. Os almanaques, originários da Europa Medieval, estão presentes no Brasil desde o Império, tendo atingido seu auge de expressão justamente no período ora analisado, graças ao florescimento da imprensa e da indústria editorial. São publicações de caráter plural, cujas páginas dividem seu espaço entre tradição e modernidade, senso-comum e ciência. Os dois almanaques analisados tiveram intensa circulação e importância em todo estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sendo reconhecidos também nacionalmente e internacionalmente. Nos almanaques, é possível perceber a construção e divulgação de modelos femininos desejados para a sociedade da época, bem como modelos que deveriam ser repudiados. Uma grande quantidade de discursos disciplinadores das relações de gênero foi encontrada nas páginas dos dois almanaques. Também foi possível evidenciar uma significativa presença feminina atuando como escritoras e colaboradoras, mulheres que, igualmente, manifestaram-se sobre as relações entre homens e mulheres e sobre papel das mulheres na sociedade. Desta forma, revelaram-se os almanaques um espaço tanto de fixação de condutas de gênero, bem como de disputas de poder. Através de textos, poesias, crônicas e anedotas foi possível verificar o que os almanaques trazem com relação às relações de gênero vivenciadas na virada do século XIX e início do século XX e, ainda, (re) conhecer a trajetória de muitas das colaboradoras dos almanaques, enquanto figuras atuantes na luta pela inclusão social das mulheres na sociedade. / The present study wants to analyze the construction of ideal female models and power disputes between genders presented in the texts of Literary and Statistical Almanac from Rio Grande do Sul and Brazilian Popular Almanac, both published in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, an important center of culture in the State at that time, in a period of intense social transformations: the threshold of the nineteenth to the twentieth century. The almanacs, originating in Medieval Europe, are present in Brazil since the Empire Time, reaching its height of expression in the period now analyzed, thanks to the flourishing of the press and publishing industry. In these publications there are a plural character, whose pages divide this space between tradition and modernity, common sense and science. Both almanacs analyzed had intense circulation and importance throughout the state of Rio Grande do Sul, also being recognized nationally and internationally. In the almanacs, it is possible to see the construction and dissemination of female models wanted for the society of that age as well as models that should be repudiated. A large amount of disciplinary discourses of gender relations was found in the pages of the two almanacs. It was also possible to show a significant presence of women working as writers and collaborators, women also showed up on the relationship between gender and the role of women in society. By this way, the almanacs proved both a fixing space of gender conduct as well as power struggles between genders. Through texts, poems, stories and anecdotes it was possible to understand what the almanacs bring related with respect to gender relations experienced at the turn of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, and also (re) learn the history of many collaborators from the almanacs while active figure in the fight for women social inclusion in the society.