The purpose of this .thesis is to examine the political thought of Amilcar Cabral. We will isolate the central elements of his political thought by textual analysis of primary and secondary works with particular emphasis on the writings of Cabral. In that Amilcar Cabral's thought developed through the movement for national liberation in Guine-Bissau, that movement will be explored to give clarity to our analysis. However, the emphasis remains on the genesis and development on Cabral's thought. We will identify the character of Cabral's political thought as a comprehensive political philosophy in the successive phases of the struggle to simultaneously achieve power and transform the Guinean reality. The major question asked is "what is Amilcar Cabral's political thought?" We intend to investigate whether or not Amilcar Cabral's political thought altered the political, social, and economic situation of Guine-Bissau. In the first chapter, we will try to identify who was Amilcar Cabral, the man. We will investigate his educational background, the social milieu in which his thought developed, and his personal history. We also will examine his character as the head of a movement for social change. In the second chapter, we intend to establish key environmental problems in the field of political thought. We will attempt to evaluate the role of philosophy and the nature of political theory as a field of inquiry. Subsequently, we intend to evaluate the condition of political thought specifically in Guine-Bissau prior to the national liberation movement. In the third chapter, we will briefly look at the history of Guine-Bissau and the political party started by Cabral, the African Party for Independence in Guine and Cape Verde (P.A.I.G.C.), We hope to illuminate the historical facts that distinguish and particularize the totality of conditions in Guine-Bissau. In the fourth chapter we will present Cabral's thought as a comprehensive analytical system. We intend to identify the core assumptions that actuate Cabral as a political thinker. We also intend to discuss the mechanisms he proposes to use in implementing political thought and the goals. he hopes to achieve by doing so. In the fifth chapter we will evaluate Cabral's political thought. We intend to analyze the components of his thought that distinguish him as a political thinker. We plan to determine if Cabral's thought altered the concrete conditions of GuineBissau that existed prior to its introduction. We will also examine the theoretical nature of Cabral's thought to assess its character as political theory. In the summary, we will relate the findings of our investigation of Amilcar Cabral's political thought. We hope to draw conclusions as to the method of inquiry practiced by Cabral. Finally, we will appraise the importance of Amilcar Cabral as a political thinker we hypothesize that the findings will confirm our underlying assumption that Cabral's thought is identifiable and significant

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study deals with the social interpretation of childhood diarrhea among the Xhosa speaking people of the Western Cape in South Africa. It highlights how in the Western Cape political consciousness and moralist discourses strongly influence relationships between different health care systems and the production of continuing conflicts around problems of health care delivery. It is argued that if meaningful relationships could be found between socially based health-seeking strategies and biomedical classifications of enteric and other diseases of women and children, they could facilitate the provision of more equitable, effective and widely acceptable health care. Furthermore, it compares the etiological explanations of childhood illness signs and symptoms of mothers and health practitioners of two kinds, i.e., professional nurses trained in biomedicine and indigenous African health practitioners (IHPs). The comparison focuses particularly on the interpretation of stool quality and associated symptoms. For stool quality the study refers to the color and texture of children's feces that mothers and health practitioners identify and associate with distinctive conditions of affliction. The study found these descriptive categories do not exhaust the variety of interpretations known to Nguni people in the area. There is variation, even ambiguity, in the interpretation of commonly understood illness categories and with respect to diarrheal illnesses, knowledge remains contested between mothers and professional nurses. Moreover, the availability of a wide range of therapeutic options m Khayelitsha diversifies the mother's causal explanations. It was found this diversity in causality and management of illnesses is manifested in the quality of children's stools, "green" feces in particular. Here too, different hues are not separable from the media in which they appear. Their interpretations draw on senses of value, ideas, social histories, different forms of power, systematic knowledge, and a great variety of other forms of significance that are embedded in the concrete domains of everyday life. In addition to the notion of isuntu,(that is humaneness) the study more importantly reveals that among Nguni of the Western Cape a tripartite relationship of umoya,(vital force) inyongo,(gallbladder) and ithongo (ancetral dream) is the dynamic philosophical component that describes Nguni experiences of health and illness. vi https://etd.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tcherno Ndjai.pdf: 879304 bytes, checksum: b6dfb092e8a70a13bb041d344b9b7457 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 / Esta dissertação de Mestrado intitulada O pensamento político de Amílcar Cabral: teoria e prática, em momentos decisivos na libertação da Guiné-Bissau (1959-1969) tem como tema o processo de libertação da Guiné Bissau e Cabo Verde sob a liderança de Amílcar Cabral. Seu objetivo é apresentar o modo como Amílcar Cabral emergiu, impondo suas próprias ideias de libertação aos guineenses e cabo-verdianos, de uma luta única de independência dos dois povos distintos, com o objetivo de constituir uma só nação após a libertação. Analisamos a construção de sua trajetória nacionalista, no período de 1959 a 1969, com base nos escritos dele e sobre ele, expondo e discutindo o contexto das suas ideias, com o destaque de dois elementos centrais do seu pensamento político, unidade e luta, e seus planos revolucionários. Podemos verificar, a partir também de depoimentos confrontados com as informações oficiais e estudos recentes, que toda sua trajetória no seio do nacionalismo guineense foi marcada de hostilidades e dificuldades, derivadas de contradições intrínsecas que caracterizavam o seu projeto. Finalmente, constatou-se que o projeto tinha pouca possibilidade política de dar certo para o seu tempo, na medida em que se verificou que, em todas as etapas de seu transcurso, os problemas relativos a essas contradições foram contornados mais em virtude do seu deslocamento do que sua resolução. E, muitas vezes, isso se deu mais em função dos fatores conjunturais externos do que internos. / Le sujet de cette dissertation intitulée La pensée politique de Amilcar Cabral: théorie et pratique dans les moments décisives dans la libération de la Guinée Bissau (1959-1969) présente le processus de lutte de libération de la Guinée Bissau et du Cap Vert, sous la direction de Amilcar Cabral. Lobjectif est de montrer comment Amílcar Cabral est devenu leader, en imposant ses idées de libération aux guinéens et cap-verdiens dune seule lutte de libération avec pour but de constituer une seule nation pour les deux peuples, après lindépendance. Son parcours de 1959 à 1969, a été analysé, à travers ses écrits et des écrits sur lui, en exposant et discutant le contexte de ses idées, dont les deux éléments fondamentaux de sa pensée politique, unité et lutte, ont été rehaussés et aussi leurs plans révolutionnaires. Nous avons vérifiés, par la comparaison des témoignages avec des informations officielles et des études récentes, que son parcours au sein de nationalisme guinéen a été marqué par des difficultés et des hostilités, provenant de contradictions typiques de son projet. Finalement, on a pu constaté que le projet de Amílcar Cabral avait peu de possibilité politique de succès pendant son parcours, des problèmes affrontés, concernant leurs contradictions, ont été plutôt déplacés que résolus. Et, souvent, à cause des facteur plutôt externes qu internes

The modernization perspective of human development has hampered true growth in the countries known collectively as the Third World. With its roots in European colonialism in the late eighteenth century, the modernization perspective ethnocentrically holds that human development must occur in a unilinear manner, regardless of a society's history or culture. In colonial times, this view was used to justify the exploitation of entire peoples, claiming that colonization of overseas societies was a civilizing mission. This unilinear view of development was popularized by modernization theorists such as Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Walt Whitman Rostow, with disastrous consequences for the developing world. The most vivid illustration of how the modernization perspective hurt the developing world is the evident in the politics of the Cold War, in which two opposing modernization theories fought a global battle for influence. From the ashes of the Cold War, capitalism emerged as the triumphant model of human development. Since then, neo-liberal institutions have sought to stimulate growth in the developing world by following this model of development. However, after decades of failed attempts, it is time for the world to reconsider its approach to development. This paper will illustrate the inadequacies of the modernization thought in three different case studies- Tanzania, Guinea-Bissau, and Burkina Faso. In each case, modernization thought in the form of colonialism. communism, and capitalism have hampered attempts at real development in these countries.