Title: The relevance of Bosco test for determination of healthy oriented efficiency adolescents Objective: The main objective is to find and describe the relationship of Bosco test (60 s) to a specific level of health-related fitness among adolescents based on the comparison of the output parameter of Bosco test and test items EUROFIT at physically active and inactive boys and girls. The partial objectives are to describe the influence of anthropometric parameters, gender and competence to physically active people on the current level of power parameters of the lower limbs. Methods: The dissertation has the character of empirical research, it is a descriptive study in which the research has a nature of the association, ie., that the required data are obtained by observation. The study was carried out on a group of purposefully selected probands n=100 age 18.40 ± 0.83 years, a period of adolescence. In the study group was equal representation of boys n=50 (age 18.50 ± 0.84 years) and girls n=50 (age 18.38 ± 0.82 years). Anaerobic capacity and power parameters of the lower extremities were determined by a standardized jumping Bosco test (60 s). The results of laboratory and anthropometric survey results were referenced by a test battery EUROFIT, which provides information on health-related fitness....

Introduktion Längdskidor involverar såväl underkropps som överkroppsarbete i varierad intensitet och terräng. Tävlingarna är allt ifrån 1km upp till 30km för damer respektive 50km för herrar. Detta ställer flera olika fysiologiska krav på en längdskidåkare. Som exempelvis hög maximal aerob effekt, hög aerob kapacitet, hög anaerob kapacitet, styrka, kraftutveckling i överkropp samt hög andel fettfri massa. Tidigare studier visar att det finns en skillnad i fysiologiska egenskaper mellan sprint- och distansåkare. Det finns hittills ingen strukturerad litteraturundersökning som jämför den aktuella forskningen (från och med 2012) på skillnaderna i vilka fysiologiska egenskaper som är kopplade till sprint- respektive distansprestation. Syftet var att undersöka skillnaderna mellan vilka fysiologiska egenskaper som kan kopplas till sprintprestation och vilka fysiologiska egenskaper som kan kopplas till distansprestation inom elitlängdskidåkning. Metod En strukturerad litteraturundersökning utfördes i databaserna: Pubmed, SPORTDiscus och Sport Medicine and Education Index mellan 2012 och 2022-04-18. Även en manuell sökning i relevanta artiklars referenslistor utfördes. Resultat  Studien inkluderade 13 artiklar. Resultatet visade att sprintprestation är kopplat till högt VO2max (l/min). Distansprestation är kopplat till högt VO2max (l/min och ml/kg/min). Sprintåkare har högre VO2max uttryckt i l/min medan distansåkare har högre VO2max uttryckt i ml/kg/min vid jämförelse mellan disciplinerna. Hastighet på obla4mmol är kopplat till distansprestation men inte till sprintprestation. Hög anaerob kapacitet och större fettfri massa uttryckt i absoluta mått är starkare kopplat till sprintprestation än distansprestation.   Konklusion Distansprestation är kopplat till VO2max/VO2peak (l/min och ml/kg/min), aerob kapacitet samt hög andel fettfrimassa. Sprintprestation är kopplat till hög VO2max/VO2peak (l/min), anaerob kapacitet samt hög fettfri massa. Skillnaderna var att distansprestation var starkare kopplat till det aeroba egenskaperna i jämförelse med sprintprestation medan sprintprestation var starkare kopplat till det anaeroba egenskaper i jämförelse med distansprestation. / Introduction Cross-country skiing involves both upper- and lower body work in varied intensity and terrain. The distances are from 1km to 30km for women respectively 50km for men. There are different physiological demands on a cross-country skier. For example, high maximum aerobic power, high aerobic capacity, high anaerobic capacity, strength, upper body power and a high proportion of lean mass. Earlier studies have seen differences in physiological characteristics between sprint- and distance skiers. But there is no structured literature study that compares the current research (from 2012) on differences in physiological characteristics between sprint and distance performance. The aim was to investigate differences between physiological characteristics that can be linked to sprint and distance performance in elite cross-country skiing.  Method A structured literature review was conducted in the databases: PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Sports Medicine And Education Index between 2012 and 2022-04-18. A manual search in the reference lists of relevant articles was conducted. Results 13 articles were included in the study. The results showed that sprint performance is linked to high VO2max (l/min). Distance performance is linked to high VO2max (l/min and ml/kg/min). Sprint skiers have higher VO2max expressed in l/min while distance skiers have higher VO2max expressed in ml/kg/min in comparison with each other. Speed ​​at obla4mmol is linked to distance performance but not to sprint performance. High anaerobic capacity and greater lean mass are more strongly linked to sprint performance than distance performance. Conclusion Distance performance is linked to VO2max/VO2peak (l/min and ml/kg/min), aerobic capacity and high proportion of lean mass. Sprint performance is linked to high VO2max/VO2peak (l/min), anaerobic capacity and high lean mass. The differences were that distance performance was more strongly linked to the aerobic characteristics compared to sprint performance while sprint performance was more strongly linked to anaerobic characteristics compared to distance performance.

Background: Oral contraceptives are common among female athletes. Still, its effects on athletic performance are poorly investigated. Research in the area has increased in recent years. However, the study qualities and designs are often insufficient and with small sample sizes. Women are currently underrepresented in sport research, and to recruit more women in future studies and to facilitate female athletes’ choices about contraceptives, the impact of oral contraceptives on performance must be better understood. Aim: The aim was to investigate whether monophasic, combined oral contraceptive phases affected maximal muscle strength, anaerobic performance and the corresponding blood lactate response, or perceived mental and physical energy level among young women. Method: The study used a cross-over design where six participants were tested on two occasions. The participants were healthy women between 18 and 29 years old who had beenusing monophasic combined oral contraceptives for at least three months prior to the study. No criteria for training level was set. The Isometric mid-thigh pull (N) was used as an indicator ofmaximal muscle strength; and the Wingate anaerobic test (W) measured anaerobic performance and power with corresponding blood lactate levels (mmol/L) measured at 0, 3 and 5 minutes after termination of the test. The participants rated their current physical and mental energy level on both test occasions using a visual analog scale (0-10). Statistical analyses were madeusing Wilcoxon signed-ranked test. Results: Nine participants were recruited, of which six performed tests on both occasions. The participants had a mean (SD) age of 22.3 (1.8) years, a BMI of 23.3 (2.6) and all reached WHO’sphysical activity recommendations. No statistically significant differences in muscle strengthor anaerobic performance were found regarding peak force (p=0.60), peak power (p=0.35) oraverage power (p=0.60) between oral contraceptive phases. Neither were there any differencesin the blood lactate response to the Wingate test directly after (p=0.92), 3 minutes after (p=0.17) or 5 minutes after (p=0.60) the test. No differences in perceived mental energy level (p=0.35)or perceived physical energy level (p=0.17) between oral contraceptive phases were evident. Conclusion: Oral contraceptive phases did not affect maximal muscle strength, anaerobicperformance, blood lactate response or perceived mental or physical energy levels. Accordingly, there is no need to adapt training to oral contraceptive phases and women can berecruited in future research without consideration of oral contraceptive phases.