Le contrôle et à la maîtrise de l’état des surfaces est un besoin majeur pour les industriels. De nombreuses études sur les interactions entre la morphologie de surface et les mécanismes physiques, chimiques ou mécaniques, ont été réalisées. Cependant une caractérisation plus précise en fonction des domaines et des besoins est nécessaire. Elle consiste à chercher les paramètres de rugosité les plus pertinents qui relient la topographie d’une surface aux phénomènes physiques qu’elle subit ou aux propriétés du matériau dont elle composé.Dans ce travail, un logiciel pour caractériser l’état de surface a été développé. Cet outil nommé « MesRug » permet de calculer des paramètres de rugosité et d’extraire les plus pertinents ainsi que de définir l’échelle la plus adéquate pour une application donnée. La recherche des paramètres les plus pertinent se fait par une approche statistique (l'analyse de la variance ‘ANOVA’ combinée avec la théorie du Bootstrap).Une caractérisation a été effectuée en utilisant des données de mesures (2D) sur des surfaces abrasives. L’influence de la forme des ondelettes discrètes et continues sur la détection de l’échelle pertinente du mécanisme d’abrasion a été testée. On déduit que la décomposition en ondelettes permet de quantifier et de localiser les échelles de l'abrasion des processus d'usinage pour tous les paramètres du processus. Cependant, la pertinence de caractériser les échelles appropriées d'abrasion ne dépend pas de la forme de l'ondelette.Dans ce travail, un nouveau paramètre de rugosité 3D est proposé pour quantifier la régularité d'une surface indépendamment de l'amplitude et des unités de longueur de balayage. L'efficacité de ce paramètre est testée sur des surfaces périodiques bruitées avec différents degrés d'anisotropie. La valeur de ce paramètre est comprise entre zéro (bruit parfait) et 100% (surface sinusoïdale parfaite). Il nous a permis de détecter les directions d'anisotropie de régularité pour une surface donnée. / Monitoring and control of the state of the surfaces is a major need for industry. Numerous studies on the interactions between the surface morphology and the physical, chemical or mechanical mechanisms have been conducted. However, a more precise characterization related to industrial domains and needs is necessary. It consists in finding the most relevant roughness parameters that connect the topography of a surface with the physical phenomena which it undergoes or in the properties of the material of which it consisted.In this work, a software designed to characterize the surface condition was developed. This tool named "MesRug" allows to calculate roughness parameters then extract the most relevant ones and to define the most appropriate scale for a given application. The search for the most relevant parameters is done by a statistical approach (analysis of variance ANOVA combined with the theory of Bootstrap).A characterization was performed using (2D) data of measurement on abrasive surfaces. The influence of the form of discrete and continuous wavelet on the detection on the relevant scale mechanism of the abrasion was tested. We conclude that the wavelet decomposition allows to quantify and localize the scales of abrasion of the machining process for all process parameters. However, the relevance of appropriate scales to characterize abrasion does not depend on the shape of the wavelet.In this work, a new 3D roughness parameter is proposed to quantify the smoothness of a surface, independently of the amplitude and the scanning length units of the surface. The efficiency of this parameter is tested on noisy periodic surfaces with varying degrees of anisotropy. The value of this parameter is between zero (perfect sound) and 100 % (sine perfect surface). It enables us to identify the anisotropy directions of regularity for a given surface.

Tématem této diplomové práce je statistická regulace výrobního procesu. Cílem bylo analyzovat data z reálného technologického procesu revolverového vstřikovacího lisu. Analýza byla provedena za užití statistického testování hypotéz, analýzy rozptylu, obecného lineárního modelu a analýzy způsobilosti procesu. Analýza dat byla provedena ve statistickém softwaru Minitab 16.

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Several papers have reported the enhancing effects of opiate peptides, like Met-enkephalin, on natural killer (NK) cell activity. We examined the actions of Met-enkephalin on NK activity in blood obtained from 18 different donors, of different ages, many of them on several occasions, at several ratios of effector to target cells, several concentrations of peptide, in several types of flasks, with the purity and identity of the pentapeptide verified by chromatography, in a system responsive to interferon, and with results calculated in different ways. No significant increase was found for the peptide for any ratio of cells, any concentration of peptide, or any single subject, even when the subjects with the lowest baseline NK cell activity were used or when the subjects were more than 60 years old. Instead of an increase, the combined results for all subjects at all ratios at all concentrations of Met-enkephalin showed an overall decrease of 31.3 % specific cytotoxicity. These results fail to support the reports of an enhancing effect of Met-enkephalin on NK cell activity.

The problem of testing multiple hypotheses at once is called the problem of multiple testing. We focused on comparing more than two means in one- way analysis of variance, also known as ANOVA. We dealt with the Tukey me- thod, the Hothorn-Bretz-Westfall method, the bootstrap-based methods and also the Bonferroni method and its modification by the Holm method, the last two methods being popular mainly for their simplicity. We focused in detail on the asymptotic behavior of these methods and then compared them using si- mulations in terms of compliance with the prescribed level and in terms of average strength. Bonferroni's method, which is conservative, is known to lose strength compared to other methods. However, its modification of Holm's method, which is also conservative, in some cases by its strength equates to other more complex methods. 1

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OBJECTIVE: The effects of a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) tutorial program on learning clinical reasoning skills were compared in undergraduate dietetics students. DESIGN: A drill-and-practice program to control for time on task, and tutorial program, and a simulation program, as the test vehicle, were developed. The tutorial and simulation programs presented data on a patient with cardiovascular disease. SETTING: Subjects were tested in 30 undergraduate dietetics programs. SUBJECTS: Participants were 413 undergraduate diet therapy students enrolled in a coordinated program in dietetics (CPD) or a didactic program in dietetics (DPD). INTERVENTION: After completion of lectures on cardiovascular disease, subjects were given the drill-and-practice program plus a simulation test (group 1), the tutorial plus a simulation test (group 2), or the simulation test only (group 3). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores on the simulation test were compared. Variables included type of CAI, dietetics program, year in school, computer experience, and experience using a medical chart. Mastery of objectives related to lower- and higher-level clinical reasoning skills introduced in the tutorial program was computed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman Keuls tests were conducted to determine any differences among the three groups. Reliability was determined using the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20. RESULTS: The reliability coefficient of the stimulation test was 0.93. Group 2 higher on the simulation test than group 1 or group 3. As a group, the CPD students scored higher than the DPD students. When CPD and DPD students were divided into the three experimental groups, there was no significant difference between the CPD and DPD student simulation scores. Group 2 mastered all objectives for lower-level reasoning skills and the higher-level decision-making objective better than groups 1 and 3. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: A computer tutorial program enhanced clinical reasoning skills in undergraduate dietetics students. This type of program could be used to supplement many topics taught in diet therapy and provide DPD students with experimental learning before their clinical intern practicums.

Att sätta sig in i andra utvecklares kod kan vara svårt och tidskrävande. Kodkonventionerär framtagna i syfte att underlätta underhållsarbetet för andra utvecklare som arbetar medsamma projekt, då det sällan är personen som skrev programmet som sedan underhållersamma program. För lite fokus läggs på kvalitétsaspekten i utvecklingsfasen av projektvilket kostar företag pengar och resurser. Denna studie har för avsikt att undersöka hurhögskoleingenjörsstudenter inom datateknik vid olika lärosäten i Sverige förhåller sig tillJavas kodkonventioner, och om det går att urskilja en signifikant skillnad i kodkvalitémellan lärosäten i avseende på identifierare, kommentarer samt format och struktur. Enwebbenkätundersökning genomfördes vars empiri analyserades med hjälp av ANOVA somär en vedertagen metod för hypotesprövning. 21 av 23 ANOVA-test visade att ingen signifikantskillnad förekom mellan lärosätena i avseende på identifierare, kommentarer samtformat och struktur. Resultatet visade även att de kvalitétsaspekter studenterna tyckerär viktiga och prioriterar att lägga tid på är också de aspekter som studenterna tycks hastörst förståelse och kunskap kring. / To get acquainted with other developers code can be difficult and time consuming. Codeconventions are developed in order to facilitate maintenance work for other developersworking on the same project, where the person who wrote the program rarely is the personthat maintains the same program. Little attention is paid to the aspect of quality ina projects development phase, which costs companies money and resources. This studyintends to investigate how students studying for a Bachelor of Science in Engineering inComputer Science at various universities in Sweden relate to Java code conventions, andif it is possible to discern a significant difference in code quality between these universitiesin terms of identifiers, comments, format and structure. An online survey was conductedwhose empirical data was analyzed using ANOVA, which is a recognized method forstatistical hypothesis testing. 21 of 23 ANOVA test showed that no significant differenceexisted between the institutions in terms of identifiers, comments and format and structure.The results also showed that the aspects of quality, which the students think are themost important, are also in fact the aspects they have the greatest understanding andknowledge about.

No / Autobiographical memory (AM) concerns the ability to remember past events from one's own life and consists of autobiographical knowledge (personal facts) and autobiographical incidents (personal events). The novelty of this research was to assess both personal factual and personal event AM in Parkinson's disease (PD) for specified lifetime periods. An autobiographical fluency task was used in which participants were asked to recall personal events and personal facts from five separate lifetime periods. Previous findings as well the brain regions affected in PD lead to the hypothesis that Parkinson's patients would recall less autobiographical memories especially for the most recent lifetime periods. Sixteen non-demented and non-depressed Parkinson's patients and sixteen age-education-matched controls participated. The results showed a temporal gradient for the recall of personal events in Parkinson's patients as they recalled fewer events for recent time periods. The PD group also had more difficulties in recalling autobiographical events rather than an autobiographical knowledge. The difficulty in recalling autobiographical events was characterized by overgenerality, with PD patients failing to generate specific episodic memories.

Often the basic assumptions of the ANOVA for an experimental design are not met or the statistical model is incorrectly specified. Randomization of treatments to experimental units is expected to protect against such shortcomings. This paper uses randomization theory to examine the impact on the expectations of mean squares, treatment means, and treatment differences for two model mis·specifications: Systematic response shifts and correlated experimental units. Systematic response shifts are presented in the context of the randomized complete block design (RCBD). In particular fixed shifts are added to the responses of experimental units in the initial and final positions of each block. The fixed shifts are called border shifts. It is shown that the RCBD is an unbiased design under randomization theory when border shifts are present. Treatment means are biased but treatment differences are unbiased. However the estimate of error is biased upwards and the power of the F test is reduced. Alternative designs to the RCBD under border shifts are the Latin square, semi-Latin square, and two-column designs. Randomization analysis demonstrates that the Latin square is an unbiased design with an unbiased estimate of error and of treatment differences. The semi-Latin square has each of the t treatments occurring only once per row and column, but t is a multiple of the number of rows or columns. Thus each row-column combination contains more than one experimental unit. The semi-Latin square is a biased design with a biased estimate of error even when no border shifts are present. Row-column interaction is responsible for the bias. Border shifts do not contaminate the expected mean squares or treatment differences, and thus the semi-Latin square is a viable alternative when the border shift overwhelms the row-column interaction. The two columns of the two-column design correspond to the border and interior experimental units respectively. Results similar to that for the semi-Latin square are obtained. Simulation studies for the RCBD and its alternatives indicate that the power of the F test is reduced for the RCBD when border shifts are present. When no row-column interaction is present, the semi-Latin square and two-column designs provide good alternatives to the RCBD. Similar results are found for the split plot design when border shifts occur in the sub plots. A main effects plan is presented for situations when the number of whole plot units equals the number of sub plot units per whole plot. The analysis of designs in which the experimental units occur in a sequence and exhibit correlation is considered next. The Williams Type Il(a) design is examined in conjunction with the usual ANOVA and with the method of first differencing. Expected mean squares, treatment means, and treatment differences are obtained under randomization theory for each analysis. When only adjacent experimental units have non negligible correlation, the Type Il(a) design provides an unbiased error estimate for the usual ANOVA. However the expectation of the treatment mean square is biased downwards for a positive correlation. First differencing results in a biased test and a biased error estimate. The test is approximately unbiased if the correlation between units is close to a half. / Ph. D.