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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Hypospadias : analysis of a complex genetic disorder /

Beleza Meireles, Ana Maria, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
12

Expressão de receptores androgenicos no lobulo ventral da prostata do gerbilo da Mongolia / Androgen receptors expression in the Mongolian gerbil ventral prostate

Cordeiro, Renato Simões 30 July 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Sebastião Roberto Taboga / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T20:16:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cordeiro_RenatoSimoes_D.pdf: 4151474 bytes, checksum: 0ee256bf17ee9f60a582294e99e12f0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O crescimento normal, a diferenciação e a manutenção da integridade morfofuncional da glândula prostática são dependentes das interações de concentrações constantes de andrógenos com seus receptores. A necessidade de se estudar esta glândula em resposta aos hormônios e o efeito do bloqueio destes, deve-se ao fato da próstata humana ser o sítio de um grande número de doenças relacionadas à idade, sendo que as de maior importância clínica são o câncer prostático e a hiperplasia prostática benigna, as quais podem ser tratadas por estratégias de remoção de andrógenos. Este estudo teve por objetivo a análise imuno-histoquímica do grau de expressão do receptor androgênico (RA) no lóbulo ventral prostático do gerbilo após terapias de bloqueios androgênicos. Setenta e cinco gerbilos machos foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em 3 grupos de 25 animais, cada grupo representando uma fase do desenvolvimento pós-natal: jovem, adulto e senil. Em cada fase foi realizada uma análise morfológica e estereológica dos compartimentos prostáticos, bem como a análise imuno-histoquímica da expressão do RA. Além disso, estabeleceu-se a dosagem hormonal das concentrações séricas de testosterona, como método para verificar a relação da quantidade desse andrógeno com a expressão dos RA. Os resultados demonstraram haver um padrão heterogêneo de distribuição dos RA no lóbulo ventral ao longo do desenvolvimento pós-natal, em que quanto mais jovem for o animal maior a interação de andrógenos estimulando a expressão de RA nos compartimentos prostáticos. As terapias de bloqueios androgênicos diminuíram a expressão de RA no lóbulo ventral e a reposição androgênica após esses bloqueios não apresentou o mesmo grau de intensidade de expressão de RA próximo às condições fisiológicas normais. A regulação e a distribuição do RA nos tecidos prostáticos do gerbilo são mecanismos complexos e que, provavelmente, são geneticamente regulados por andrógenos antes do nascimento ou por outros fatores ainda desconhecidos. O gerbilo parece ser um modelo valioso na tentativa de melhorar o conhecimento do comportamento morfofisiológico e patológico dessa importante glândula em humanos ao longo do envelhecimento e da formulação de novas idéias de terapias de combate ao câncer de próstata / Abstract: The normal growth, differentiation and maintenance of the morphofunctional integrity of the prostate gland are dependent on the interaction of constant levels of androgens with their receptors. The need to study the responses to hormones under several conditions and the effect of their blockage is due to the fact that the human prostate is the site of a great number of age-related diseases, and the ones with a major medical importance are prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia, which can both be treated with androgen suppression. The aim of this study was to analyze immunohistochemical degree of expression of androgen receptor (AR) of the ventral lobe of the gerbil prostate during different phases of the postnatal development employing differents treatments for androgen blocking. Seventy-five male gerbils were distributed, randomly, into 3 groups of 25 animals each, where each group corresponded to one phase of postnatal development: young, adult and aged phase. In each phase, it was possible to morphologically and stereologically analyze the compartments of prostatic ventral lobe, as well as to immunohistochemically analyze the degree of expression of androgen receptor. In addition, it was possible to establish the hormonal dosage of serum testosterone concentrations given the comparative approach of the expression of androgen receptors. There is a heterogeneous pattern of AR distribution in the prostatic ventral lobe throughout postnatal development, in which the younger animal is the higher, the interaction of circulating androgens that stimulate the AR expression in the compartments prostatics. The androgen blockage therapies decreased AR expression in the ventral lobe, but the androgen reposition after these blockages was not showed the same the degree of expression of androgen receptor near normal physiological conditions. The regulation and distribution of AR along the gerbil prostatic tissues are complex mechanisms that are likely to be genetically regulated by androgens prenatally or by other factors that are still unknown. The gerbil seems to be a valuable model in the attempt to improve the understanding of the morphophysiological and pathological behavior of this important gland in humans throughout aging and to stimulate new therapeutic ideas to fight prostate cancer / Doutorado / Biologia Celular / Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
13

In vitro modulation of androgen and estrogen receptors in human prostate cells by essential fatty acids

Prinsloo, Sophia Elizabeth 19 December 2005 (has links)
Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Reproductive Biology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Urology / unrestricted
14

Terapia hormonal exógena em ratos senis : caracterização dos efeitos sobre os diferentes lobos prostáticos / Hormonal exogen therapy in senile rats : characterization of effects upon different prostatic lobes

Cândido, Eduardo Marcelo, 1979- 05 November 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon Quitete / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-05T17:40:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Candido_EduardoMarcelo_D.pdf: 29056954 bytes, checksum: 56337986d8eaf83c84b1cf42b26d64df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar e comparar a estrutura e a biologia molecular dos receptores esteróides dos lobos prostáticos e da glândula de coagulação em ratos senis, submetidos a diferentes terapias hormonais exógenas, além de identificar os processos de proliferação e apoptose nesses órgãos. Trinta ratos da linhagem Sprague-Dawley com 10 meses de idade foram divididos em seis grupos experimentais e submetidos aos respectivos tratamentos: Grupo Senil/Controle (SC); Grupo Senil/Testosterona (ST); Grupo Senil/Estrógeno (SE); Grupo Castrado (CA); Grupo Castrado-Testosterona (CT); e Grupo Castrado-Estrógeno (CE). Após trinta dias de tratamento, os animais foram sacrificados e as amostras do lobo ventral (LV), lobo dorsal (LD) e glândula de coagulação (GC) foram coletados e processados para microscopia de luz, imunohistoquímica e Western Blotting. As concentrações séricas de hormônios esteróides em amostras sanguíneas também foram determinadas. Os resultados mostraram manutenção tecidual epitelial no LD e na GC após administração de testosterona (grupos ST). Já o LV apresentou espaçamento entre epitélio e estroma. Na administração de testosterona pós-castração (grupos CT), as respostas divergiram entre as glândulas analisadas. No LV tanto o epitélio quanto o estroma mantiveram-se alterados. O LD apresentou recuperação morfológica na comparação com o grupo CA. Já na GC, enquanto o epitélio mostrou sinais de recuperação, o estroma manteve características de hiperplasia e hipertrofia. A administração de estrógeno (grupos SE e CE) manteve ou pouco alterou a morfologia da GC, porém, provocou ampla desestruturação tecidual nos lobos ventral e dorsal, com geração de micro-ácinos, presença de NIPs e focos inflamatórios. A imunohistoquímica revelou diferenças quanto à imunorreatividade dos receptores androgênicos e estrogênicos em relação aos compartimentos epiteliais e estromal em todos os órgãos avaliados. O AR foi intensamente imunorreativo no epitélio dos lobos dorsal e ventral, situação oposta à observada nas glândulas de coagulação, onde o AR foi prevalentemente estromal. O ERa foi essencialmente estromal em todos os órgãos, enquanto que o ERb foi essencialmente encontrado no epitélio do lobo ventral e no estroma das glândulas de coagulação. No lobo dorsal, o ERb foi essencialmente estromal nos grupos SC e ST, com sua imunorreatividade alterando-se para epitelial nos grupos SE e CA, mostrando que esse receptor respondeu efetivamente à ação hormonal alterando sua localização. Assim, pode-se concluir que a terapia hormonal exógena, especialmente de testosterona, pode ser útil na manutenção tecidual prostática e que a imunorreatividade diferencial dos receptores hormonais pode sugerir uma forma lobo-específica de atuação dos hormônios sexuais na manutenção tecidual e promoção de patogênese prostática / Abstract: The aim of the present study was to characterize and compare the structure and the molecular biology of the steroid hormone receptors from prostatic lobes and coagulating gland in elderly rats submitted to different hormonal exogen therapies, besides identifying the apoptosis and proliferation processes in these organs. Thirty ten-month-old male rats were divided into six groups: Senile/Control group (SC); Senile/Testosterone group (ST); Senile/Estrogen group (SE); Castrated group (CA); Castrated-Testosterone group (CT); and Castrated-Estrogen group (CE). After 30-day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the prostatic ventral lobe (VL), dorsal lobe (DL) and coagulating gland (CG) samples were collected and processed for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting analyses. Serum steroid hormone concentrations in blood samples were also determined. The results showed epithelial tissue maintenance in DL and CG after testosterone administration (ST groups). However, the VL presented spacing between the epithelium and the stroma. After castration and testosterone administration, it was verified that both epithelium and stroma were changed in the VL. The DL showed morphological recovery in relation to the CA group. The CG showed signs of epithelial recovery in contrast to the glandular stroma, which maintained features of hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Estrogen administration (SE and CE groups) caused few changes in the CG morphology. However, the estrogen led to intense tissue disorganization in both VL and DL, showing microacini, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and inflammatory foci. The immunohistochemical analysis showed intense AR immunoreactivity in the epithelium of the DL and VL, whereas AR immunoreaction was predominant in the stromal cells in the CG. ER? occurred preferentially in the stromal compartment in all the studied organs, while ER? was found preferentially in the VL epithelium and in the CG stroma. ER? immunoreactivity was predominantly stromal in the DL from SC and ST groups. In contrast, there was a change of the ER? reactivity to the epithelial cells in the DL from SE and CA groups. This fact showed that this hormone receptor actually was responsive to the hormonal action changing its localization. So, it could be concluded that hormonal exogen therapy, especially with testosterone, could be useful in prostatic tissue maintenance. In addition, the differential immunoreactivities of the hormonal receptors could suggest a lobe-specific way of action of the sex steroidal hormones in tissue maintenance and in the triggering of prostatic pathogenesis / Doutorado / Anatomia / Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
15

Efeito do tratamento neonatal com 17-'beta'-estradiol sobre o penis de rato em diferentes idades : aspectos estruturais do orgão e expressão do receptor de androgeno pelas celulas musculares lisas e endoteliais in vitro / Effects of neonatal 17-'beta'-estradiol treatment on the rat penis at different ages : structural aspects of the organ and androgen receptor expression by smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in vitro

Cardoso, Lilian Caroline Vaz 13 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Hernandes Faustino de Carvalho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T19:33:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cardoso_LilianCarolineVaz_M.pdf: 2401125 bytes, checksum: 71ef0bb78a4f9804919ce3f2d13b8a0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Os hormônios androgênicos (testosterona e diidrotestosterona) regulam a diferenciação e o crescimento das estruturas penianas via receptor de andrógenos (AR), tendo este função reguladora da transcrição de genes relacionados a aspectos do desenvolvimento de indivíduos do sexo masculino. A presença de receptores de estrógenos no pênis permite assumir que o 17-â-estradiol (E2) e moléculas similares tenham efeito direto sobre sua fisiologia. De forma geral, o estrógeno tem efeito anti-androgênico, atuando sobre o eixo hipotálamo-hipófise e, assim, reduzindo a produção de testosterona pelos testículos. O estrógeno é essencial para funcionamento reprodutivo em machos, no entanto, a exposição ao estrógeno ou xenobióticos durante períodos críticos do desenvolvimento pode ter conseqüências negativas para o trato reprodutivo e para a fertilidade, através de um mecanismo conhecido como imprinting estrogênico. Um dos efeitos do imprinting estrogênico causado por altas doses de estrógeno é o comprometimento do desenvolvimento peniano. Embora seja controverso na literatura, este efeito se daria pela regulação negativa da expressão do AR e reduzida resposta aos andrógenos. Sendo assim, para estudar o efeito do imprinting estrogênico no desenvolvimento do pênis foram administrados 25 µL de óleo de milho contendo E2 a 15 mg/kg (dose alta) (Putz, et al., 2001 a, b) a ratos Wistar, nos dias 1, 3 e 5 após o nascimento e observação dos efeitos nos períodos pré-púbere (28 dias), púbere (49 dias) e adulto (90 dias). Foi feito ainda isolamento de células musculares lisas (CML), cultivadas com e sem T, e endoteliais do órgão. Para cada situação, a expressão do AR foi verificada por Western blotting e a localização por imunocitoquímica. Para o órgão e as células CML, a expressão do RNAm do AR foi analisado por Real-time PCR. Nos animais adultos foram quantificados: colágeno solúvel, hidroxiprolina e glicosaminoglicano (GAG). O tratamento neonatal com E2 resultou na queda do peso corporal, má formação do pênis, menor quantidade de hidroxiprolina e maior quantidade de GAG. A expressão do AR aumentou em animais de 28 dias e reduziu aos 90 dias. Nessas idades a marcação do AR foi menos intensa nos animais estrogenizados em todos os compartimentos penianos. Nas CML, a expressão do AR exibiu padrão diferente quando cultivadas com ou sem T. Nas células endoteliais a expressão não varia com a idade, porém diminui naquelas isoladas de animal tratado. A exposição neonatal ao E2 causa má formação do pênis o que pode estar relacionado à alteração da expressão do AR no órgão, nas CML e endoteliais presentes no mesmo. / Abstract: The androgens, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, regulate the differentiation and growth of penile structures through the androgen receptor (AR), which regulates the transcription of genes associates with several aspects of the development of male individuals. In contrast to the prostate, the AR expression in the penis of the rat falls with age according to the androgen levels reached in the adult. The presence of estrogen receptor in the penis allows the assumption that 17-â- estradiol (E2) and similar molecules have direct effect on its physiology. It is known that estrogen has an anti-androgenic effect acting on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis reducing the production of testosterone by the testes. The estrogen is essential for reproductive function in males, but the exposure to estrogen or xenobiotics during critical periods of the development has negative consequences for the reproductive tract and fertility, through a mechanism known as estrogenic imprinting. One of the effects of estrogenic imprinting caused by high doses of estrogen is defective penile development. Although controversial in the literature, this effect occurs by down regulation of androgens receptors and reduced response to androgens. To study the effect of estrogenic imprinting on penis development, Wistar rats received subcutaneous injections of 25 µL of corn oil containing E2 at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight (Putz, et al., 2001 a, b) on days 1, 3, and 5 after birth and observation of the effects on 28, 49 or 90 days after birth (prepubertal, pubertal and adulthood stages, respectively). Smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells were isolated from the organ. For each situation, AR expression was verified by Western blotting and the localization by immunocitochemstry. Androgen receptor mRNA expression was done for the penis and SMC by Real-time PCR. In adult animals soluble collagen, hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were quantified. Neonatal treatment with E2 resulted in reduction of weight and abnormal development of the penis at all ages, reduction in hydroxyproline and increase in GAGs. The AR expression increased at 28 days, but not at 90 days and in these ages the staining intensity of AR was smaller in all penile compartments. In SMC, AR expression exhibited a different expression pattern when cultured with or without T. In endothelial cells, the AR expression increased on day 28, reducing in the other ages, but without difference in comparison to control, what leds us to believe that endothelial cells do not interfere in the reduction AR expression after sexual maturation. The neonatal treatment with E2 leds to abnormal penile development what may be related to an alteration of AR expression in the organ and in their SMC and endothelial cells. / Mestrado / Biologia Celular / Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
16

Interactions of hormones, aging and sexual experience on masculine sexual behavior and hormone receptor expression in the hypothalamus

Wu, Di 23 October 2009 (has links)
Age-related declines of androgens and libido in males have been observed for decades. This dissertation sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which hormones may act differentially upon their receptors in the hypothalamus of aging compared to young males. I also examined how sexual experience modulates the ability of hormones to facilitate sexual behavior with aging. Experiment one measured androgen receptors (AR) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) cells in male rats at young, middle-aged and old age. I found that AR cell numbers in hypothalamic regions studied underwent significant age-related increases. Numbers of heavily ERα labeled cells, but not total ERα cells, increased with age. This study demonstrates that the aging brain has the capacity to synthesize hormone receptors which is increased possibly due to decreased testosterone concentrations. Experiment two examined the effect of sexual experience on serum hormones and cells of AR and ERα in hypothalamic regions in young and middle-aged males. The results showed that AR cell numbers increased with aging but did not change with experience. No age- or experience-related alteration in ERα expression occurred. However, serum testosterone increased and estradiol decreased with age. Experience increased total and free testosterone. Interactions of age and experience on total testosterone, estradiol, and luteinizing hormone were found. These results show long-lasting effects of sexual experience on hormones, but not on their receptors in the hypothalamus. Experiment three investigated effects of exogenous testosterone on sexual behavior in young and middle-aged males. The results showed a decline in sexual behavior parameters with age. After castration with testosterone treatment, there were few differences in sexual behavior measures between young and middle-aged males. AR cell numbers were higher and ERα cell numbers lower in testosterone compared to vehicle-treated males of both ages, and few effects of age occurred. These findings indicate that testosterone and aging interact in a complex manner to control numbers of cells expressing hormone receptors in the brain and on the subsequent control of sexual behavior. This insight provides a better understanding of the relationship between molecular changes in the brain and behavior, and suggests new therapeutic targets to human testosterone treatment. / text
17

Morfofisiologia do sistema genital masculino de ratos púberes e adultos após privação androgênica durante a pré-puberdade / Morphophysiology of male reproductive system of adult and pubertal rats after androgen deprivation during prepuberty

Perobelli, Juliana Elaine, 1985- 02 June 2012 (has links)
Orientador: Wilma De Grava Kempinas / Texto em português e inglês / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T10:45:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Perobelli_JulianaElaine_D.pdf: 9640563 bytes, checksum: dea242a152c4f569490c3cdf5d5010c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Os desreguladores endócrinos são agentes químicos capazes de agir como agonistas ou antagonistas dos hormônios endógenos, interferindo na homeostasia do organismo. Como o sistema endócrino tem papel crítico sobre o desenvolvimento e função do sistema genital, este pode ser considerado um alvo particularmente vulnerável a perturbações endócrinas. A literatura apresenta dados sobre a exposição aos antiandrogênicos durante a vida pré-natal e adulta e suas consequências sobre a função reprodutiva de machos. Entretanto, poucos estudos se atentaram para as consequências da privação androgênica durante a pré-puberdade sobre o sistema genital masculino. A pré-puberdade corresponde à fase em que o epidídimo, órgão reprodutor masculino responsável pela maturação e estocagem dos espermatozoides, passa por importantes mudanças morfofuncionais, além de consistir em período de maior susceptibilidade aos desreguladores endócrinos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as possíveis consequências da privação de andrógenos durante a pré-puberdade sobre a morfofisiologia do sistema genital masculino de ratos púberes e adultos, com ênfase sobre o epidídimo e qualidade espermática. A escolha por um agente antiandrogênico foi devida à vasta exposição ambiental e ocupacional da população mundial a este grupo de contaminantes. Ratos machos da variedade Wistar foram alocados em: grupo flutamida (25mg/Kg/dia de flutamida, via oral, do dia pós natal 21 ao 44) e controle (óleo de milho, via oral, durante o mesmo período). Os animais foram avaliados aos 50 dias e 75 dias de idade. Foram analisados os níveis séricos dos hormônios sexuais (LH, FSH e testosterona), níveis de testosterona intratesticular, peso de órgãos, histologia testicular e epididimária, imunohistoquímica para marcação de receptor androgênico (AR), proteína espermática 22 (SP22), calmodulina (CALM) e Rab11A em tecido epididimário, além de marcação de CALM e Rab11A no testículo e western blot para AR no epidídimo. Avaliações adicionais foram realizadas nos animais de 75 dias, como comportamento sexual, fertilidade após acasalamento natural e inseminação artificial, motilidade e morfologia espermática, contagens espermáticas nos testículos e epidídimos, análise do perfil proteico de membrana espermática e contagem de células de Sertoli. No grupo tratado com flutamida, os animais púberes apresentaram redução do peso dos órgãos sexuais, relacionado à diminuição na testosterona sérica, além de alteração no padrão de imunomarcação para AR e CALM no epidídimo. Os demais parâmetros foram comparáveis entre os grupos experimentais. Nos animais de 75 dias de idade que receberam flutamida observou-se alteração no padrão de imunomarcação para AR, CALM e Rab11A no epidídimo, diminuição do potencial de fertilidade após inseminação artificial, comprometimento da motilidade espermática, diminuição do número de espermatozoides na cabeça/corpo e cauda do epidídimo, aceleração do trânsito espermático nestas regiões epididimárias e alteração na concentração de CALM e Rab11A na membrana espermática. Os demais parâmetros foram similares entre os grupos experimentais. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a privação de andrógenos durante a pré-puberdade causou alterações na qualidade dos espermatozóides prejudicando o potencial de fertilidade dos indivíduos na idade adulta. Tais resultados parecem estar associados a mudanças no perfil proteico da membrana dos espermatozoides e na expressão de determinadas proteínas no epitélio epididimário, sugerindo que o desenvolvimento pós-natal do epidídimo pode ter sido comprometido, acarretando danos funcionais permanentes ao órgão / Abstract: Endocrine disrupters are chemicals that can act as agonists or antagonists of endogenous hormones, interfering with the homeostasis of the organism. Since the endocrine system plays a critical role in the development and function of the male reproductive system, this is an especially vulnerable target of potential endocrine perturbations. The literature presents data on exposure to antiandrogens during the prenatal life and adulthood and its consequences on the male reproductive function. However, few studies have investigated the possible effects on the male reproductive system of rats after androgen deprivation during prepuberty. The prepubertal period comprehends the phase in which the epididymis, male reproductive organ responsible for the sperm maturation and storage, undergoes significant morphofunctional changes, besides being a period of more vulnerability to endocrine disrupters, possibly due to hormonal imprinting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible consequences of androgen deprivation during the prepuberty on morphophysiology of male reproductive system of pubertal and adult rats, focusing on the epididymis and sperm quality. The choice of an antiandrogen agent was due to extensive environmental and occupational exposure of the general population to this group of contaminants. For this purpose, Wistar male rats were divided into flutamide group (flutamide 25mg/Kg/day, orally, from postnatal day 21 to 44) and control group (corn oil, orally, during the same period). The animals were evaluated at 50 days and 75 days of age. At both ages it was evaluated the serum sexual hormone levels, intra-testicular testosterone levels, organ weights, testicular and epididymal histopathology, immunohistochemistry for androgen receptor (AR), sperm protein 22 (SP22), calmodulin (CALM) and Rab11A in epididymal tissue, besides immunostaining for CALM and Rab11A in the testis and Western blot for AR in the epididymis. Furthermore, additional parameters were assessed in 75-day-old animals, such as sexual behavior, fertility after natural mating and after artificial insemination, sperm motility and morphology, sperm counts in the testis and epididymis, proteomic of sperm membrane by bi-dimensional electrophoresis and Sertoli cells counts. Pubertal animals showed reduced reproductive organs weight, probably due to a decrease in serum testosterone and changes in the pattern of immunostaining for AR and CALM in the epididymis. The other parameters were comparable between the groups. In animals at 75 days old changes in the pattern of immunostaining for AR, CALM and Rab11A in the epididymis, decreased fertility potential after artificial insemination, impaired sperm motility, decrease in the sperm numbers in the caput/corpus and cauda epididymis, acceleration of sperm transit time through these epididymal regions, and modifications in three proteins of sperm membrane were observed. Other parameters were similar between the groups. The results show that androgen deprivation during prepuberty impairs sperm quality affecting the fertility potential of the animals at adulthood. These results seem to be related to the changes in protein profile of sperm membrane and protein expression in the epididymis, suggesting that the postnatal development of the epididymis may have been compromised, causing permanent damage to the organ function / Doutorado / Biologia Celular / Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
18

Effect of thermal regime on the expression of key reproductive genes during hormonally-induced vitellogenesis in female European eels

Mazzeo, Ilaria 19 December 2015 (has links)
European eel (Anguilla anguilla, L., 1758) is suffering a strong population decrease and at the same time it is a very appreciated species and by now it has not been possible closing its cycle life. In fact, this species does not mature in captivity unless hormonally induced. So all the production is up to the natural population. All these factors together make urgent achieving the closing of the productive cycle and for this aim it is important to understand the reproductive physiology and the reasons of this development blockage. The present thesis wants to be a new contribution to the knowledge of reproductive physiology in female European eel submitted at hormonal treatment. To achieve this goal, expression of genes not previously studied in this species (cyp19a1, ara, arb, gnrhr1a, gnrhr1b, gnrhr2, zpb and zpc) was analyzed in eels reared under a constant thermal regime, accordingly to the usual rearing conditions. Also, the effect of rearing temperature on gene expression and steroid profile (T, 11-KT and E2) was studied. In fact, eels migrate to Sargasso Sea to reproduce and during the travel experiment temperature changes, while traditionally they are reared at a constant high temperature which could affect vitellogenesis progression and final oocyte quality. For the study it was necessary cloning and characterizing some genes which have not still been sequenced in European eel. Gene expression was studied by qPCR after designing primer and optimizing the qPCR race. Steroid profiles were analyzed by immunoassays and the gonadal development stages were established by histology. The first result obtained at the end of the study were six new genes characterized in European eel. The analysis of gene expression allowed to understand the involvement of specific genes during vitellogenesis (arb, gnrhr1b and gnrhr2) in different brain regions. The temperature was conformed as a crucial environmental factor affecting vitellogenesis. On one hand, eels matured at lower starting temperatures showed better reproductive parameters which could have an influence in the final oocyte quality. On the other hand higher temperatures are necessary to achieve further vitellogenetic stages / Mazzeo, I. (2014). Effect of thermal regime on the expression of key reproductive genes during hormonally-induced vitellogenesis in female European eels [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/48490 / TESIS

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