Studies in acoustics, in so far as sound and hearing are concerned, are evident from the middle of the 5th century B.C. in ancient Greece. The earliest extant works originated in Tarentum with Archytas, after which the fundamentals were developed in Athens, particularly by Aristotle. Aristotle�s writings represent the transition from rudimentary hypothesising to true philosophical argument, and display accuracies missing from earlier studies. This study examines incipient acoustic theories from classical Greece, diachronically, presenting original translations of all relevant passages, to illustrate the development of fundamental consideration and the origins of acoustic science. 5th and 4th century texts are examined in detail, with questions of authenticity being answered where necessary, to decipher the true level and depth of knowledge on the subjects of sound and hearing. Extant Archytean material is paradigmatic, containing the nucleus of sound production underlying most models to follow, whilst relevant Platonic material embraces more difficult sound qualities, raising important questions for successors. The larger portion of this work centres upon the writings of Aristotle, whilst illustrating the debt he owes to his predecessors. Each aspect of sound and hearing is discussed in turn, based predominantly, though not exclusively, upon information sourced from Aristotle�s De Sensu and De Anima. Where pertinent, attention is given to his discussions of the full range of senses and sense organs. The result is a self-contained work tracing the origins and development of acoustic study from its fundamental beginnings to the critical point when the essential elements of a nascent science were in place and the door was opened for future enhancement and scientific verification.

“Appeasing the Animal” is collection of thirty-two poems that represent a fight and conciliation between the civilized self and the spectrum of human needs in a socially constructed reality. These explorations were split into male and female representations of the human psyche. This intersection is also a place that investigates mothers & daughters, politics, sex, crisis, religion, and other important points of dramatic conflict.

“Appeasing the Animal” is collection of thirty-two poems that represent a fight and conciliation between the civilized self and the spectrum of human needs in a socially constructed reality. These explorations were split into male and female representations of the human psyche. This intersection is also a place that investigates mothers & daughters, politics, sex, crisis, religion, and other important points of dramatic conflict.

Studies in acoustics, in so far as sound and hearing are concerned, are evident from the middle of the 5th century B.C. in ancient Greece. The earliest extant works originated in Tarentum with Archytas, after which the fundamentals were developed in Athens, particularly by Aristotle. Aristotle�s writings represent the transition from rudimentary hypothesising to true philosophical argument, and display accuracies missing from earlier studies. This study examines incipient acoustic theories from classical Greece, diachronically, presenting original translations of all relevant passages, to illustrate the development of fundamental consideration and the origins of acoustic science. 5th and 4th century texts are examined in detail, with questions of authenticity being answered where necessary, to decipher the true level and depth of knowledge on the subjects of sound and hearing. Extant Archytean material is paradigmatic, containing the nucleus of sound production underlying most models to follow, whilst relevant Platonic material embraces more difficult sound qualities, raising important questions for successors. The larger portion of this work centres upon the writings of Aristotle, whilst illustrating the debt he owes to his predecessors. Each aspect of sound and hearing is discussed in turn, based predominantly, though not exclusively, upon information sourced from Aristotle�s De Sensu and De Anima. Where pertinent, attention is given to his discussions of the full range of senses and sense organs. The result is a self-contained work tracing the origins and development of acoustic study from its fundamental beginnings to the critical point when the essential elements of a nascent science were in place and the door was opened for future enhancement and scientific verification.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Zurich, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 192-196).

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Zurich, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 192-196).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Aprile Bilotta.pdf: 1606099 bytes, checksum: 1e35d3ff4c65c6007ccd5bcb27409751 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The vampire is one of the most famous creatures in the history of terror. Originated from folk beliefs and legends, he won editorial and film notoriety. During the twentieth as well as early twenty-first centuries, his figure has undergone a series of transformations which ensured his permanent success with the public. In the process, his image gained new possibilities of interpretation. This study aimed at identifying and analyzing the transformations in the vampire figure and his romantic relationships in films produced in the period comprised from1922 and 2012. In addition, we had the specific aim of reflecting on the changes that have been occurring in masculinity and loving relationship nowadays. In order to do so, the qualitative method was used. The following films were watched and analyzed: Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror (1922), Dracula (1931), Horror of Dracula (1958), Nosferatu, the vampire of the night (1979), Bram Stoker's Dracula ( 1992), Twilight (2008), New Moon (2009), The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010), The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Parts 1 (2011) and 2 (2012). Those ten films were described and analyzed through the theoretical principles of analytical psychology. Such procedure was base on images, significant events and sequences regarding the composition of vampire characters, women desired by them, and the type of relationship established between them. The relationship with their antagonists and other influential characters in each film were also taken into account. Through the filmic production analyzed, it was noticed that some aspects were added to the vampire figure, while others became extinct or have undergone retrofits. The analysis suggests that in such trajectory, the vampire started integrating humanity as well as embodying heroic features. In such humanizing process, the importance of the affective bond that the vampire started establishing with the woman chosen by him was highlighted. Symbolically, the contact between repressed male traits and the anima takes place. Guided by the feminine principle, feelings and emotions − once dark − have become conscious, thus enabling integration to take place. Research also suggests that masculinity can be transformed to the extent that man has contact with the shadow, thus not only becoming aware of their emotional, erotic and creative content, but also establishing less projective relationships. Such aspects, when assimilated and reconciled with the ego, assist in establishing romantic relationships in which predominates otherness / O vampiro é uma das mais famosas criaturas na história do terror. Proveniente de crenças folclóricas e lendas, ele ganhou notoriedade editorial e cinematográfica. No decorrer do século XX e inicio do XXI, sua figura passou por uma série de transformações as quais continuaram lhe garantindo sucesso junto ao público. Nesse processo, sua imagem ganhou novas possibilidades de interpretação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as transformações ocorridas na figura do vampiro e de seus relacionamentos amorosos em filmes produzidos no período de 1922 e 2012. Além disso, teve por objetivo específico refletir sobre as modificações ocorridas na masculinidade e no relacionamento amoroso na contemporaneidade. Para este fim utilizou-se o método qualitativo. Foram assistidos e analisados os seguintes filmes: Nosferatu, uma sinfonia de horror (1922), Drácula (1931), Horror of Drácula (1958), Nosferatu, o vampiro da noite (1979), Drácula de Bram Stoker (1992), Crepúsculo (2008), Lua Nova (2009), Eclipse (2010), Amanhecer - parte 1 (2011) e Amanhecer - parte 2 (2012). Os dez filmes foram descritos e analisados por meio dos pressupostos teóricos da psicologia analítica, baseando-se para isso em imagens, eventos e sequências significativas quanto à composição dos personagens vampiros, as mulheres por ele desejadas e o tipo de relação estabelecida entre ambos, além da relação com seus antagonistas e com os demais personagens influentes em cada película. Por meio das produções fílmicas analisadas, observou-se que alguns aspectos da figura do vampiro foram acrescentados, enquanto outros se extinguiram ou passaram por readaptações. A análise sugere que nessa trajetória, o vampiro foi integrando humanidade e corporificando atributos heroicos. No seu processo de humanização, destaca-se a importância do vinculo afetivo que o vampiro foi estabelecendo com a mulher por ele escolhida. Simbolicamente, tem-se o contato entre o masculino reprimido e a anima. Ao ser guiado pelo princípio feminino, sentimentos e emoções outrora sombrias tornam-se conscientes, podendo assim, serem integradas. A pesquisa também sugere que a masculinidade poderá ser transformada na medida em que o homem possui contato com a sombra, tornando-se consciente de seus conteúdos afetivos, eróticos e criativos, estabelecendo relacionamentos menos projetivos. Tais aspectos quando assimilados e conciliados com o ego, auxiliam no estabelecimento de relacionamentos amorosos onde predomina a alteridade

O volume de literatura secundária sobre o conceito aristotélico de noûs produtivo é proporcional à brevidade e à obscuridade com que ele é apresentado no quinto capítulo do terceiro livro do \"De Anima\". Esta dissertação visa investigar as razões que fazem deste texto terreno fértil para as mais diversas interpretações. Para tanto, este estudo parte do comentário analítico de DA III 4-5, destacando as possibilidades interpretativas de cada passagem e as variantes textuais mais significativas. Procurou-se explorar outras passagens do corpus aristotélico que podem ser utilizadas para elucidar o conteúdo desses capítulos, considerando as opções adotadas pelos principais comentadores antigos. Após mostrar que o texto comporta igualmente as leituras mais díspares, buscou-se evidenciar como elementos extratextuais, tais como a filosofia e o método exegético predominante no tempo de cada interprete podem ser identificados nas opções adotadas. Para tanto, adotou-se a obra de Alexandre de Afrodísia como objeto de exposição e análise, uma vez que sua identificação do nous produtivo à Causa Primeira de Met. XII 7-9 é a mais influente e polêmica das exegeses deste conceito. Para tanto, foram apresentadas suas principais teses e contrastadas com a base textual aristotélica, de modo pôr em relevo as características do método do Exegeta. / The amount of secondary literature on the Aristotelian concept of productive nous is proportional to the briefness and obscurity of its presentation in the fifth chapter of the Book Three of the De Anima. This thesis aims to investigate the reasons why this text offers a fertile ground for the most varied interpretations. Therefore, this text begins with an analytical commentary on DA III 4-5, highlighting the interpretative possibilities and the most significant textual variants of each passage. We searched for other passages of the Aristotelian corpus that could help us elucidate the content of these chapters, considering the options adopted by the main ancient commentators. After showing how the text equally accepts the most disparate readings, we tried to evidence how extra-textual elements, such as the philosophy and exegetical method predominant in the time of each interpreter can are present in the adopted options. For this, the work of Alexander of Aphrodisias was adopted as object of exposition and analysis, since its identification of the productive nous to the First Cause of Met. XII 7-9 is the most influential and polemical exegesis of this concept. His main arguments were presented and contrasted with the Aristotelian textual background, to highlight the characteristics of the Exegete\'s methods.

O volume de literatura secundária sobre o conceito aristotélico de noûs produtivo é proporcional à brevidade e à obscuridade com que ele é apresentado no quinto capítulo do terceiro livro do \"De Anima\". Esta dissertação visa investigar as razões que fazem deste texto terreno fértil para as mais diversas interpretações. Para tanto, este estudo parte do comentário analítico de DA III 4-5, destacando as possibilidades interpretativas de cada passagem e as variantes textuais mais significativas. Procurou-se explorar outras passagens do corpus aristotélico que podem ser utilizadas para elucidar o conteúdo desses capítulos, considerando as opções adotadas pelos principais comentadores antigos. Após mostrar que o texto comporta igualmente as leituras mais díspares, buscou-se evidenciar como elementos extratextuais, tais como a filosofia e o método exegético predominante no tempo de cada interprete podem ser identificados nas opções adotadas. Para tanto, adotou-se a obra de Alexandre de Afrodísia como objeto de exposição e análise, uma vez que sua identificação do nous produtivo à Causa Primeira de Met. XII 7-9 é a mais influente e polêmica das exegeses deste conceito. Para tanto, foram apresentadas suas principais teses e contrastadas com a base textual aristotélica, de modo pôr em relevo as características do método do Exegeta. / The amount of secondary literature on the Aristotelian concept of productive nous is proportional to the briefness and obscurity of its presentation in the fifth chapter of the Book Three of the De Anima. This thesis aims to investigate the reasons why this text offers a fertile ground for the most varied interpretations. Therefore, this text begins with an analytical commentary on DA III 4-5, highlighting the interpretative possibilities and the most significant textual variants of each passage. We searched for other passages of the Aristotelian corpus that could help us elucidate the content of these chapters, considering the options adopted by the main ancient commentators. After showing how the text equally accepts the most disparate readings, we tried to evidence how extra-textual elements, such as the philosophy and exegetical method predominant in the time of each interpreter can are present in the adopted options. For this, the work of Alexander of Aphrodisias was adopted as object of exposition and analysis, since its identification of the productive nous to the First Cause of Met. XII 7-9 is the most influential and polemical exegesis of this concept. His main arguments were presented and contrasted with the Aristotelian textual background, to highlight the characteristics of the Exegete\'s methods.

This dissertation investigates Aristotle’s theory of phantasia as a cognitive ability, in terms of which mental content is available to the mind of rational beings. The focus is on Catherine Osborne’s extension of phantasia to nonhuman animals in order to allow for and explain non-human animal behaviour in terms of a rational paradigm, which de-emphasises, and does not rely on, linguistic ability. This paradigm for understanding animal behaviour as rational supports, and is supported by, modern theories of cognitive ethology, and argues for the ability of animals to share in conceptual thought. The recognition of rationality in animals by means of this paradigm bears ethical consequences for the treatment of animals. / Classics and Modern European Languages / M.A. (Classical Studies)