The main aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the problem of anorexia from Foucault's perspective. The first hypothesis is that this 'pathology' is rather a social construction which has its origins in social norms and standards that operate in the society to make firm distinction between the normal and the pathological, the ideal and the unacceptable. In this study we will use Foucault's theory of power and discipline, the concept of biopower and also his critics of psychiatry. At the same time, we will complete our survey with the concept of construction and deconstruction of Jacques Derrida and with the social identity theory of Judith Butler.

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Introduction : Cette thèse est issue de réflexions et d'expériences cliniques suite à un travail avec des femmes souffrant d'un trouble des conduites alimentaires (TCA) et accédant à la maternité. Dans notre recherche, parmi les différentes méthodes de Procréation Médicalement Assistée (PMA), nous avons choisi d'étudier une population ciblée : les femmes ayant recours à la pompe à la GnRH pour concevoir leurs enfants. Hypothèse principale : il existerait un grand nombre de femmes, souffrant ou ayant souffert d'un TCA, qui auraient recours à la pompe à GnRH. Hypothèse secondaire : le TCA maternel aurait des influences sur le désir d'enfant, la grossesse et les interactions précoces mère-enfant. Objectif principal : évaluer un groupe de femmes souffrant d'un TCA, enceintes après utilisation de la pompe à GnRH, à partir du 4ème mois de grossesse et jusqu'à la 8ème semaine du post-partum. Objectifs secondaires : obtenir des données scientifiques à propos des femmes souffrant d'un TCA et ayant recours à la pompe à GnRH, afin de mieux éclairer le parcours de soin de ces patientes dans les services de PMA ; obtenir des données scientifiques sur le vécu de la grossesse par les femmes TCA ; obtenir des données scientifiques sur la présence et la gravité des TCA durant la grossesse et en post-partum ; évaluer la prévalence de la dépression du postpartum chez les femmes souffrant d'un TCA. Critère d'évaluation principal : comparaison du groupe d'étude avec deux groupes témoins, l'un composé de femmes exemptes de TCA devenues enceintes par des méthodes de PMA autres que la pompe à GnRH, et l'autre composé de femmes exemptes de TCA devenues enceintes spontanément. Critères d'évaluation secondaires : évaluation de l'évolution du TCA, en pré et postnatal, par l'hétéro-questionnaire EDE ; évaluation du vécu de la grossesse par des entretiens semi-structurés ; évaluation des représentations maternelles par l'IRMAG ; évaluation de l'état psychique en pré et postnatal par l'auto-questionnaire HAD ; évaluation de l'anxiété par l'utilisation du STAI ; évaluation du risque de survenue d'une dépression du postpartum par l'auto-questionnaire EPDS. Cette étude est observationnelle et prospective : étape prénatale - 3 évaluations, entre 16 et 20 semaines d'aménorrhée (SA), entre 24 et 28 SA et entre 28 et 32 SA ; étape postnatale - 1 évaluation, à la 8ème semaine environ du postpartum. Conclusion : on constate que le TCA maternel peut être un facteur de risque en ce qui concerne la grossesse et les interactions précoces mère-bébé. L'utilisation de la pompe à GnRH par les femmes souffrant d'un TCA devrait être considéré comme un véritable enjeu de santé publique, requérant évaluation, prévention et prise en charge pluridisciplinaire de la grossesse jusqu'au post-partum. / Introduction: This thesis is the result of reflexions and clinical experiences from our work of pregnancy in women suffering from lifetime eating disorders (ED). Among different methods of assisted reprodutive technology (ART), we chose to study a special population: women seeking GnRH pulsatile administration treatment. Main hypothesis: there is an important rate of women with a lifetime ED seeking GnRH pulsatile administration treatment . Secondary hypothesis: maternal ED have influences on the desire for a child, pregnancy and early mother-child interactions. Main objective: to evaluate pregnant women with a lifetime ED after seeking GnRH pulsatile administration treatment, from the 4th month of pregnancy until the 8th week of postpartum. Secondary objectives: to obtain scientific data about women with lifetime ED seeking GnRH pulsatile administration treatment ; to better inform the multidisplinary care of these patients in the ART services ; to obtain scientific data about the experience of pregnancy in women with a lifetime ED and about the presence and severity of ED during pregnancy and postpartum ; to estimate the prevalence of postpartum depression in these women. Design: A descriptive comparative three-group design in which collected data were compared - one of women with lifetime ED who became pregnant after GnRH pulsatile administration treatment, one of women without lifetime ED who became pregnant after using other ART methods , one of women without lifetime ED who had a spontaneous pregnancy. Evaluation criteria: EDE to evaluate ED during the pre- and post-natal period ; clinical semi-structured interviews to evaluate how the pregnancy is experienced ; IRMAG to evaluate maternal representations ; HAD to evaluate anxiety and depression during the pre and postnatal period ; STAI to evaluate anxiety ; EPDS to evaluate risk of postpartum depression. This study is observational and prospective: during the prenatal period - 3 evaluations were conducted, between 16 and 20 weeks of amenorrhea (SA), between 24 and 28 SA and between 28 and 32 SA ; during the postnatal period - 1 evaluation was conducted around the 8th week. Conclusion: Eating disorders and GnRH pulsatile administration can be considered as a real public health issue, requiring strategies to address prevention, identification and multidisciplinary care for these women during pregnancy and postpartum. An eating disorder screening tool should be included in the initial intake, because these patients may be at a higher risk for negative maternal and fetal outcomes than non eating disorder patients.

Cette étude vise à identifier et à décrire différents profils chez les familles d'adolescentes présentant une anorexie restrictive. À titre exploratoire, l'étude vise également à tenter d'établir s'il y a une relation entre la sévérité des profils cliniques et la sévérité du trouble des conduites alimentaires tel qu'évalué par l'IMC. L'étude repose sur une analyse secondaire des données de l'étude1 de Pauzé et al. (2011) et a été réalisée auprès de 181 adolescentes (âgées entre 12 et 17 ans) présentant une anorexie mentale admises dans une des cliniques spécialisées des troubles des conduites alimentaires entre 2006 et 2015. Résultats : Les résultats de notre étude ont permis d'identifier trois sous-groupes de familles. Le premier sous-groupe se caractérise par des problèmes concernant l'engagement relationnel et la qualité de la communication entre les membres de la famille et des relations jeunes-parents difficiles. Il est à noter que ce sous-groupe ne représente que 6,1% de l'échantillon. Le second sous-groupe se caractérise quant à lui par une distance relationnelle entre les membres de la famille, et ce, de façon marquée entre les adolescentes et leurs parents. Ce sous-groupe représente 27,6% de l'échantillon. Enfin, le troisième sous-groupe de familles semble présenter un fonctionnement normal selon les résultats aux questionnaires utilisés. Ce sous-groupe représente deux familles sur trois (66,3%). Enfin, il ne semble pas y avoir de relation entre la sévérité des profils cliniques des familles et la sévérité du trouble des conduites alimentaires telle que mesurée par l'indice de masse corporelle. Ces résultats suggèrent la pertinence de développer des interventions différenciées en fonction des profils familiaux et axées sur l'implication et le soutien des familles. Mots-clés : Anorexie mentale, Troubles des conduites alimentaires, Fonctionnement familial, Profils familiaux, Adolescentes.

Mémoire de recherche et création, incluant une partie essai et un texte de création. / Ma recherche questionne la relation entre anorexie et écriture, omniprésente en littérature, mais dont la problématique du récit de soi reste un objet assez obscur; le potentiel de réincarnation de l’être ascétique à travers le récit de soi a faiblement été soulevé. Amélie Nothomb (Biographie de la faim) et Geneviève Brisac (Petite) se sont remémorées, par le biais de romans autofictionnels, leur passé anorexique dans une poétique elle-même ascétique. À travers l’analyse de cette performativité textuelle, ainsi que des procédés d’écritures d’autodérision et de distanciation narrative sollicités par ces auteures, mon essai propose que ces manifestations poétiques contribuent à une réincarnation indépendante du corps anorexique en œuvre littéraire, et de ce fait, poser un regard nouveau sur les souffrances antérieures. Prenant la forme d’un recueil de fragments scellé d’un pacte autofictionnel, Carnet d’une désincarnée expérimente l’écriture mémorielle de mon adolescence marquée par l’anorexie mentale. Ainsi, chacun des fragments relate, dans un « je » autodiégétique, une situation isolée d’un quotidien en lutte perpétuelle contre soi, lutte dont l’ultime et unique but est la désincarnation. Or, suite à cette désincarnation, l’objectif de mon projet était de me réincarner à travers les mots dans un carnet de chair et d’os. À cheval entre réalité et fiction, Carnet d’une désincarnée explore la possibilité de créer un texte performatif afin de projeter l’émaciation physique de l’anorexie sur l’échafaudage même du texte, qui deviendrait à part entière un corps amaigri, mais bien vivant. / My research questions the relation between anorexia and writing, omnipotent in literature, but which the question of self-writing is still really obscure; the potential of reincarnation of the ascetic individual through writing being barely tackled. Amélie Nothomb (Biographie de la faim) and Geneviève Brisac (Petite) have been both remembering themselves, through autobiographical novels, their anorexic past through an ascetic poetic in itself. Analysing this textual performativity, as well as writing process such as self-mockery and narrative detachment solicited by these authors, my essay observes that these poetical features lead altogether to an independent corporeal reincarnation of the anorexic body into literary work, and therefore, draw a new vision on the past sufferings. Taking the form of a fragmented text sealed by an autofictionnal pact, Carnet d’une désincarnée (Disembodied’s Diary) experiment the reminiscence of my adolescence marked by anorexia. In this way, each fragment recall, using the pronoun « I » as talking to myself, an isolated situation of a routine in a perpetual battle with the self, battle which the unique goal is disembodiment. Further to this disembodiment, the objective of my project was to reincarnate myself with words through the production of a diary made out of flesh and bones. In between fiction and reality, Carnet d’une désincarnée is exploring the possibility of creating a performative text that projected the emaciation of anorexia, becoming a barebonned but alive body in itself.

The thesis "The Influence of Media on Body Image with Emphasis on the Issue of Eating Disorders" deals with the impact of media on body perception regarding the current beauty ideal, the cult of slenderness as well as the causes of eating disorder spreading in today's world. This thesis aims to determine how media influences body image of the current society and what part it has in the origin of eating disorders. In terms of this aim, the thesis is divided into theoretical background, a part about body image, followed by the part about beauty ideal, then eating disorders and research. The theoretical part discusses the theory of social and media reality, expected media impacts on people as well as selected theories concerning the media impact on body image. The next part deals with the term body image. The third part involves discussion about the ideal of beauty and introduces three current theories about direct impact of media on body image. It also shows some examples from today's media concerning the topic. The fourth part deals with the eating disorders and their media discourse, followed by few examples of their spreading trend and also campaigns against them. The quantitative analysis aims to find out about today's population body image, the importance of appearance and connection between media...

Poruchy příjmu potravy ve spojitosti s jinými diagnózami. Eating Disorders in Connection with other Diagnoses Bc. Marie Vavrušková The aim of this thesis, which focuses on the topic "Eating Disorders in Connection with Other Diagnoses," is to introduce the different types of eating disorders that have been previously diagnosed (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, psychogenic overeating and new forms of eating disorders), to specify the medical treatment offered to patients in the Czech Republic, and in particular to describe what other mental or somatic disorders are most commonly associated with eating disorders. The empirical part of the thesis presents a questionnaire which analyses the following aspects: type of eating disorder from which the clients of Centrum Anabell Praha suffer most frequently, where their medical treatment takes place, whether they suffer from another mental or somatic disorder associated with eating disorders, and whether eating disorders have a negative impact on their lives. The empirical part also presents a case report, which describes the life story, history and prognosis of a man who suffers from an eating disorder and other associated disorders.

RESUME: Level of foreknowledge of the eating disorders Eating disorders make characteristic problem of current word in many wals. Eating disorders are extréme and simplified answer on a complicated question of personál satisfaction and sociable as well as health. We are surrounded by media which show beauty bodies. Television programmes, films, magazines for woman and men - everywhere we met with an idea, that beauty, young and femine body is a gurantee of personál hapiness. And unfortunately: not only the guarantee, but even requirement. I have chosen this topic for its topicalyty. It can be expected, that a number of disordered by eating disorders will still increase and society will have to deal with it. In my researech - I tried to focus on point how students are notified of eating disorders. '' Why just on students''? This is the most endangered group of people, where usually eating disorders start. In my option - I think that a lot of people knot these both kinds of disorders, but they do not realisme or do not knot importace of these disorders. The result of my research should show, if there is a need to more inform young people about these disorders and by this precede a rising of eating disorders. I dividend my development into two parts: Theoretical part: In theoretical part I did aim to eating...

My thesis occupies with the influence of home preparation for successfulness of pupils with specific learning disturbances and behaviour in basic school. The theoretical part there are explained terms of specific evolutional disturbances of school skills. This part deals with etiology and diagnosis. There are legislative alterations of education and it includes complete reeducational school care which points on importance of teacher's personality and on forming of positive climate in the class. It describes family and its role in connection with all risk factors which influence it. The point of preparation determines learning and behaviour by way of concrete forms and methods of work with pupils with specific disturbances. The empirical part of thesis is compiled by method of qualitative research and it's a result of research investigation which is connected to detailed analysis of acquired data. The main methods of investigation were long-lasting structured pupils' observation, analysis of file documentation and analysis of professional advice. These all together and interviews made complete picture of individual case studies.

The dissertation {\clq}qHealth Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in Eating Disorders`` is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part is analyzes the problems with eating disorders. It is especially focused on its two basics forms, anorexia nervosa and bulimia which are illnesses occasioned by hypothrepsia. The next part drala with history, symptoms, cause, medication, process, prognosis and complications resulting from these disorders, including the main diagnostic criteria and prevalence data. Women are affected by both diseases more frequently than man. Mental anorexia occurs mostly between the 14th and 15th year of the life, mental bulimia at the age of 13 to 20 years. The second part is practicaly aimed at evaluation of SF-36 forms, where I verify hypotheses how eating disorders influence quality of life of theirs carriers and how the changes in quality of life are dependant on the grade of education. The analysed results indicate the difference between the sick and the healthy individuals and also the fact the level of education is important too.