Thesis (M.S.D.)--Indiana University School of Dentistry, 2010. / Title from PDF t. p. (viewed July 28, 2010) Advisor(s): Mychel Vail, Chair of the Research Committee, Richard Gregory, Joseph Legan, Kenneth Spolnik, Susan Zunt. Curriculum vitae. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-120).

Orientador: Priscila Gava Mazzola / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T03:28:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amaral_LilianFerreiraBarbosa_D.pdf: 2465793 bytes, checksum: e61ffae5669fa378935586624f7137b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: As indústrias cosméticas e farmacêuticas têm um crescente interesse na substituição dos antimicrobianos sintéticos nos produtos dermatológicos, devido à resistência dos microrganismos aos antimicrobianos convencionais. O pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb) é uma frutífera nativa do Cerrado brasileiro utilizada na medicina popular, na indústria cosmética e na alimentação, com atividades leishmanicida e antimicrobiana descritas na literatura. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a segurança e a eficácia do extrato de Caryocar brasilense obtido por CO2 supercrítico visando sua aplicação cosmética. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) frente às bactérias Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus foi determinada pelo método clássico de microdiluição em placas. O potencial antioxidante do extrato foi determinado por um método baseado na oxidação do 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). Para avaliação da citotoxicidade e fototoxicidade in vitro, foram utilizados métodos colorimétricos baseados na conversão do corante tetrazólio (XTT) e o método do vermelho neutro (3T3 NRU), respectivamente. Na avaliação do potencial de irritação ocular empregou-se o teste na membrana corioalantóide do ovo de galinha (HET-CAM). O Perfil fitoquímico do extrato foi analisado quanto à presença de alcalóides, saponinas, antraquinonas, esteróides, taninos, flavonóides e compostos fenólicos, de acordo com métodos colorimétricos padronizados. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o extrato de Caryocar brasilense obtido por CO2 supercrítico demonstra atividade antimicrobiana frente às bactérias testadas, além de potencial antioxidante comparado ao padrão testado. Adicionalmente, o extrato de Caryocar brasilense obtido por CO2 supercrítico não apresenta efeitos tóxicos, mostrando-se um extrato seguro. Estes resultados fornecem perspectivas de desenvolvimento de produtos para o cuidado pessoal, principalmente aqueles com atividade antisséptica e os que minimizam os danos causados pelos radicais livres / Abstract: The cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries have an increasing interest in replacing synthetic antimicrobials in dermatological products due to increased microbial resistance to conventional antimicrobial agents. Caryocar brasiliense Camb (pequi) is a typical Brazilian Cerrado fruit tree. Its fruit is used as a vitamin source for culinary purposes and as a source of oil for the manufacture of cosmetics. Leishmanicidal and antimicrobial activities have been reported previously. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of C. brasiliense extract obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were determined by the classical microdilution method. Antiseptic activity against these organisms was evaluated by the plate diffusion method. The antioxidant potential of the extract was evaluated using a method based on the oxidation of 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). In vitro cytotoxicity and phototoxicity of C. brasiliense supercritical CO2 extracts were assessed using a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (XTT) and Neutral Red methods; eye irritation potential was assessed using the Hen's Egg Test ¿ Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) Test Method. The extract¿s chemical profile was analyzed for the presence of alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinones, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds according to standard colorimetric methods. The C. brasiliense supercritical CO2 extract exhibits antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested. It also possesses antioxidant activity, when compared to a vitamin E standard. We also found that the C. brasiliense (pequi) extract obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction did not present cytotoxic and phototoxic hazards This finding suggests that C. brasiliense supercritical may be useful for the development of cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical products, primarily for antiseptic skin products that inactivate, reduce, prevent, or arrest the growth of microorganisms with the inherent intent to mitigate or prevent disease as well as products that minimize damage caused by free radicals / Doutorado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutora em Ciências Médicas

Thesis (M.S.)--Medical College of Ohio, 1996. / Major advisor: William J. Davis. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Medical College of Ohio, 1996. / Major advisor: William J. Davis. Includes bibliographical references.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of 0.12-percent and 2.0-percent chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) on eliminating Enterococcus faecalis from dentinal tubules, and whether this antibacterial effect was enhanced by heat. To date there have been no published articles that describe the heating of 2.0-percent CHX and its antimicrobial efficacy and clinical relevance towards E. faecalis within dentinal tubules in root canal systems. Ninety-five human extracted, single rooted, maxillary, anterior teeth were used to prepare dentin disk specimens. After proper sterilization, a 2.5-mm ISO-sized diameter lumen was prepared, and then the canals were filled with brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth infected with E. faecalis. The BHI was removed and the specimens in equally divided groups were rinsed with sterile saline and filled with saline, or 0.12 percent CHX or 2.0 percent CHX at ambient temperature (24°C) or experimental temperature (46°C) and incubated at oral temperature (37°C) or the experimental temperature (46°C), respectively. The specimens were frozen to -70˚C and pulverized in liquid nitrogen. Serial dilutions were prepared of 1:100 and 1:1000 and spiral plated on BHI agar plates in duplicate. They were incubated, and the number of bacterial colonies was recorded 24 hours later for data analysis. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with factors for solution, solution temperature, and the solution-by-temperature interaction was used to determine antibacterial efficacy. Pair-wise comparisons between groups were examined for significance using the Fisher’s Protected Least Significant Differences Method. The E. faecalis CFU were log-transformed to satisfy the assumptions required for the ANOVA. The results of this investigation demonstrated no statistically significant difference with the addition of heat to either test irrigation solution regarding the elimination of E. faecalis from dentinal tubules within the root canal system. There was a statistically significant difference in the antibacterial efficacy of CHX against E. faecalis in comparison with the concentration tested. A higher concentration of 2.0-percent CHX demonstrated a significantly higher antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis compared with 0.12-percent CHX, and likewise with the saline control. It can be concluded that the use of a higher concentration of 2.0-percent CHX is advantageous as a final irrigation solution after copious amounts of NaOCl and EDTA have been utilized for effective antimicrobial efficacy and substantivity.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / PURPOSE: To assess the long-term effect of a 2% aqueous chlorhexidine (CHX) solution on bond strength to artificially eroded dentin compared to sound dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flat mid-coronal dentin surfaces of extracted third molars (n = 28) were subjected only to grinding with a 600-grit SiC paper for 1 min (sound dentin S, n = 14) or additionally to erosive pH cycling with a cola-based soft-drink (eroded dentin E, n = 14). After acid etching, rinsing, and air drying, S and E were rehydrated with 1.5 μl of 2% CHX (S2%, n = 7; E2%, n = 7) or of distilled water (control SC, n = 7; EC, n = 7). Composite buildups were incrementally constructed with Filtek Z350 following Adper Single Bond 2 application. Specimens were sectioned into beams, which were subjected to microtensile testing immediately or after 6 or 12 months of aging. Fractured surfaces were observed under a digital microscope (50X magnification). Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) (MPa) was analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05) and failure mode by the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Compared to sound dentin, eroded dentin was consistently related to lower μTBS. Immediately and after 12-month aging, the effect of CHX was insignificant, but it was significant after 6-month aging, when it conserved the bond strength to both eroded and sound dentin. The percentage of adhesive and mixed failures were equivalent, and significantly more frequent than cohesive failures, whether in dentin or in composite. CONCLUSION: The 2% CHX effect on bond strength conservation to both eroded and sound dentin was not found to be persistent. / Revisión por pares