>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Antimicrobials are chemical compounds that destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The majority of these antimicrobials are actually natural products or natural product derived with key examples being the pioneer antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin. Antimicrobials are an extremely important class of therapeutic agents; however, the development of drug resistance and slow pace of new antibiotic discovery is one of the major health issues facing the world today. There is therefore a crucial need to discover and develop new antibacterial agents. In this study, the potential of marine algae as a source of new antibiotics was explored. Crude organic extracts and chromatographic fractions obtained from small-scale extraction of 17 different marine algae were used to prepare a pre-fractionated library that would be tested against several disease causing microorganisms. The activity of the pre-fractionated library and purified compounds was determined against a panel of drug resistant microorganisms namely Acinetobacter baumannii ATCCBAA®-1605™, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC® 51299™, Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922™, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC® 33591™ and Candida albicans ATCC® 24433™. Finally, cytotoxicity tests of 50 selected library extracts and isolated compounds were done against two cell lines namely MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HEK-293 (kidney embryonic).

Os osteoblastos são células de origem mesenquimal envolvidas na formação óssea. Essas células podem sofrer alterações decorrentes de traumas, intervenções, e infecções. As infecções podem ser minimizadas a partir do uso de antimicrobianos. O poli(L-lactídeo) ou PLLA, é um polímero sintético que se destaca por sua biocompatibilidade e absorção, o qual pode ser utilizado como um liberador farmacológico local, como alternativa à terapêutica antimicrobiana sistêmica. Esse polímero também é empregado como matriz de suporte celular na engenharia de tecidos ósseos, por auxiliar na reparação e regeneração. A incorporação de partículas nesse polímero pode gerar reações adversas, portanto, devemos nos certificar que o dispositivo polimérico incorporado com antimicrobianos não seja citotóxico. Proposição: Analisar a estrutura e a citotoxidade em osteoblastos de dispositivos poliméricos de PLLA incorporados com antimicrobianos, sendo eles: Amoxicilina ou Azitromicina ou Clindamicina ou Metronidazol para uso local. Metodologia: Foram confeccionados 270 dispositivos poliméricos com 6mm de diâmetro composto de PLLA com a incorporação de antimicrobianos a 20%, Amoxicilina (AM) ou Azitromicina (AZ) ou Clindamicina (CL) ou Metronidazol (ME) sendo confeccionados através de dois métodos: eletrofiação (malhas) ou deposição (filmes). Posteriormente, foi realizado o teste de citotoxicidade direta MTT nesses dispositivos com a cultura de osteoblastos em 24, 48 e 72h de experimento. Para análise da estrutura do dispositivo, foram feitas análises macroscópicas através de fotografias digitais e microscópicas com Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV). Resultados: A reação de citotoxidade mostrou que malhas e filmes incorporados à antimicrobianos são compatíveis com a cultura de osteoblastos, não apresentando citotoxicidade em nenhum momento do estudo (p<0.05). Na fotografia pudemos observar que os dispositivos apresentam coloração semelhante em relação às malhas e coloração diferenciada para filmes dependendo do tipo de antimicrobiano incorporado. No MEV, através da análise dos dispositivos pudemos notar que houve diferença no aspecto das superfícies dos filmes, sendo que os filmes de AM apresentaram aspecto irregular e poroso, enquanto AZ aparece liso com alguns grânulos, os de CL e ME possui superfícies ásperas e os de PLLA apresentaram superfície lisa. Quanto às malhas, notamos que todas as amostras apresentaram microfibras e poros que imitam a matriz extracelular, diferenciando-se apenas na espessura das fibras. Houve a presença de osteoblastos em todos os filmes confeccionados, mas os filmes de AM não induziram a proliferação, aparecendo apenas células isoladas. Enquanto nas malhas só foram observados osteoblastos em malhas de AM, ME e PLLA. Conclusão: Os dispositivos poliméricos confeccionados com PLLA incorporados com antimicrobianos podem ser usados na reparação e regeneração óssea uma vez que não apresentaram citotoxicidade em osteoblastos. / Osteoblasts are mesenquima originated cells, which are involved in the bone formation. These cells may suffer alterations due to traumas, interventions and infeccions. The infections can be minimized by the handling of antimicrobials. Poly (L-lactide) or PLLA is a synthetic polymer known for its biocompatibility and absorption, which can be used as a local pharmacological releaser, as an alternative to the systemic antimicrobial therapy. This polymer also can be frequently used as a supporting structure to cellular matrix in the bone tissue engineering as it can be used for support in repair and regeneration. The particle incorporation in this polymer can create side effects, therefore, we need to certificate that the polymeric device incorporated with antimicrobials are not cytotoxic. Proposition: Analyse the structure and cytotoxicity in osteoblasts of PLLA polymeric devices associated with antimicrobials, being them: Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Clindamycin and Metronidazole. Methods: For this study 270 polymerical devices were manufactured with 6mm diameter of PLLA with a 20% antimicrobials incorporation of Amoxicillin (AM), Azithromycin (AZ), Clindamycin (CL) and Metronidazole (ME) that have been produced through two methods: eletrospinning (mesh) or casting (film). Afterwards a MTT cytotoxicity test was made over the periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours of experiment. To make a structural analysis of the device a macroscopic analysis was performed through photographs and microscopic imaging with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: The cytotoxicity reaction exhibited that meshes and films incorporated with antimicrobials are comparable with the osteoblasts culture, indicating that there was no cytotoxicity in any moment (p < 0.05). In the phothograph we could observe that the devices showed a similar coloration among the meshes and different coloration for the films depending on the incorporated antimicrobial. The SEM analysis displayed a difference in the surface appearance of the films. The AM films displayed an irregular and porous appearance, meanwhile, AZ looked smooth with few grains, the CL and ME have rough surfaces and PLLA presents smooth surfaces. As for the meshes, we noticed that all the samples had microfibers and pores that mimic the extracellular matrix, differing only in the thickness of the fibers. Osteoblasts were present in all films but AM did not induce proliferation, with only isolated cells emerging. In meshes osteoblasts were only found in AM, ME and PLLA. Conclusion: Polymeric devices made with PLLA incorporated with antimicrobials can be used in bone repair and regeneration given that they did not offer cytotoxicity for osteoblasts.

The genus Staphylococcus contains at least 47 species and 23 subspecies. Bacteria in this genus are ubiquitous; many are commensals on human and animal skin and can be opportunistic pathogens. In dairy cattle, staphylococci are the leading cause of intramammary infections (IMI) and mastitis. Mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary gland, and is one of the leading infectious diseases causing production losses in the dairy industry. Based on the ability to clot blood plasma in vitro, members of the genus can be divided into two groups: coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS). In the dairy industry, Staphylococcus aureus is the most common CPS causing mastitis and is considered a major mastitis pathogen compared to the CNS, which as a group have been described as minor mastitis pathogens. The CNS species are increasingly recognized as an important cause of bovine mastitis, although the relative role of some species is still uncertain. Our understanding of the local and global epidemiology of CNS mastitis is improving with application of more accurate DNA sequence-based species identification methods and techniques to discriminate between strains within species. These factors have led to a shift in perspective, with the CNS being recognized as a heterogeneous group where some species are more important than others in bovine mastitis. The major goals of this thesis were to describe Staphylococcus mastitis epidemiology, and to identify phenotypes that may contribute to persistence in various niches on selected dairy farms in Vermont. We conducted 2 field studies on 2 groups of farms in Vermont. In the first study, we collected S. aureus isolates from bulk tank milk of 44 certified organic dairy farms. In the second field study, we completed quarter milk, cow skin, and environmental sampling of 5 herds that make farmstead cheeses. In both studies, we used non-selective and selective agar medium to isolate staphylococci from the farm sources. From these studies, we collected 1,853 Staphylococcus spp. isolates. We used PCR-amplicon sequence-based species identification to describe Staphylococcus species diversity on these selected Vermont dairy farms. S. aureus isolates were strain-typed using an established Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) scheme. A novel MLST scheme was developed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of S. chromogenes, one of the leading CNS species causing bovine mastitis in this and other studies. We also evaluated antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation phenotypes and genotypes of staphylococci to test the hypothesis that these phenotypes may be associated with strain types. In the study of organic dairy farms, 20 S. aureus strain types (STs) were identified, including ten novel STs. The majority of STs belonged to lineages or clonal complexes (CCs) previously identified as cattle adapted (e.g. CC97 and CC151). Associations between ST and carriage of beta-lactam resistance and biofilm forming capacity were identified among the S. aureus isolates from these farms. In the 5-herd study, a total of 27 different staphylococci species were identified from various niches including humans, but only five species; S. chromogenes, S. aureus, S. haemolyticus, S. simulans, and S. xylosus were commonly identified to cause IMI. S. aureus and S. chromogenes strain types were niche specific.

Antimicrobials administered to livestock can be excreted up to 80% in the feces and urine. Liquid swine manure from confined animal feeding operations is generally retained in lagoon storage until it is applied as a nutrient source to cropland. Thus, the applied manure becomes a possible source of antimicrobials to aquatic ecosystems. Veterinary antimicrobials have been detected in surface and ground waters in Canada, the United States and Europe, however, their environmental fate is not well known. Lincomycin and spectinomycin are two antimicrobials administered as a mixture to swine in the prairie region of Canada for the prevention of post-weaning diarrhea. In order to assess the potential for contamination of prairie wetlands, concentrations of both antimicrobials were monitored in the liquid manure from the nursery area of a commercial-scale barn during a 5-week study, and their persistence during simulated manure storage investigated. The potential for transport of lincomycin and spectinomycin to surface waters via surface runoff and to leach to groundwater was also assessed. This was achieved by monitoring manure-amended soil, simulated rainfall runoff, snow melt runoff and groundwater over a two-year period at two study sites in Saskatchewan, Canada following fall application of liquid swine manure from two commercial barns to crop and pasture land. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantitate these antimicrobials in all matrix extracts. <p>In the nursery area of a commercial-scale barn, concentrations of lincomycin and spectinomycin in the cumulating liquid manure at the end of the study were equivalent to 32 and 3.0%, respectively, of doses administered in the feed. In a laboratory study, using fortified liquid manure, concentrations of both antimicrobials showed a rapid initial decrease during simulated lagoon storage, followed by a slower dissipation over a period of 5 months. The average time required for 50% dissipation of lincomycin was greater than one year (365 d) and was approximately 90 d for spectinomycin. <p>Lincomycin concentrations in soil (46.3 to 117 µg kg-1) collected immediately after fall manure application, decreased to non-detectable levels by mid-summer the following year. Lincomycin was present in simulated rainfall runoff (0.1 to 2.7 µg L-1) immediately after manure application with similar concentrations present in snow meltrunoff the following spring. Concentrations in groundwater were generally <0.005 µg L-1. Spectinomycin was not detected in the manure applied at the study sites nor in soil, runoff water or groundwater samples. This study confirms that some antimicrobials, including lincomycin, may be present in lagoon manure. Thus, the management practice of utilizing livestock manure from confined animal feeding operations as a plant nutrient source on cropland may result in antimicrobial transport to surface and ground waters.

Antimicrobials administered to livestock can be excreted up to 80% in the feces and urine. Liquid swine manure from confined animal feeding operations is generally retained in lagoon storage until it is applied as a nutrient source to cropland. Thus, the applied manure becomes a possible source of antimicrobials to aquatic ecosystems. Veterinary antimicrobials have been detected in surface and ground waters in Canada, the United States and Europe, however, their environmental fate is not well known. Lincomycin and spectinomycin are two antimicrobials administered as a mixture to swine in the prairie region of Canada for the prevention of post-weaning diarrhea. In order to assess the potential for contamination of prairie wetlands, concentrations of both antimicrobials were monitored in the liquid manure from the nursery area of a commercial-scale barn during a 5-week study, and their persistence during simulated manure storage investigated. The potential for transport of lincomycin and spectinomycin to surface waters via surface runoff and to leach to groundwater was also assessed. This was achieved by monitoring manure-amended soil, simulated rainfall runoff, snow melt runoff and groundwater over a two-year period at two study sites in Saskatchewan, Canada following fall application of liquid swine manure from two commercial barns to crop and pasture land. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantitate these antimicrobials in all matrix extracts. <p>In the nursery area of a commercial-scale barn, concentrations of lincomycin and spectinomycin in the cumulating liquid manure at the end of the study were equivalent to 32 and 3.0%, respectively, of doses administered in the feed. In a laboratory study, using fortified liquid manure, concentrations of both antimicrobials showed a rapid initial decrease during simulated lagoon storage, followed by a slower dissipation over a period of 5 months. The average time required for 50% dissipation of lincomycin was greater than one year (365 d) and was approximately 90 d for spectinomycin. <p>Lincomycin concentrations in soil (46.3 to 117 µg kg-1) collected immediately after fall manure application, decreased to non-detectable levels by mid-summer the following year. Lincomycin was present in simulated rainfall runoff (0.1 to 2.7 µg L-1) immediately after manure application with similar concentrations present in snow meltrunoff the following spring. Concentrations in groundwater were generally <0.005 µg L-1. Spectinomycin was not detected in the manure applied at the study sites nor in soil, runoff water or groundwater samples. This study confirms that some antimicrobials, including lincomycin, may be present in lagoon manure. Thus, the management practice of utilizing livestock manure from confined animal feeding operations as a plant nutrient source on cropland may result in antimicrobial transport to surface and ground waters.

Išanalizuoti 100 hemodialize gydomų pacientų duomenys per 2007 metus. Išskirti pacientai, kuriems tiriamuoju laikotarpiu buvo skirta antibiotikoterapija. Darbo tikslas- apžvelgti racionalios antibiotikoterapijos principus ir įvertinti racionalumo lygį bei jo pokytį po intervencijos KMUK nefrologijos skyriuje 2007 metais. Kiekvienam pacientui, gydytam antimikrobiniais vaistais, užpildytas tam tikras protokolas. Antimikrobinio vaisto skyrimo racionalumas vertintas pagal atitikimą 2004 metais išleistoms „Racionalaus antimikrobinių vaistų vartojimo“ metodinėms rekomendacijoms. Gauti rezultatai parodė, kad 2006 metų pabaigoje atlikta intervencija dėl racionalaus antimikrobinių vaistų vartojimo nefrologijos skyriuje pasiteisino - neatitinkančių rekomendacijų antibiotikų skyrimo atvejų sumažėjo beveik dvigubai (2006 metais – 17,4 proc., 2007 metais – 9,9 proc.). Pagal Pirsono χ2 kriterijų, skirtumas yra statistiškai patikimas (χ2 > 9,488; p < 0,05). Racionalumo lygis padidėjo dėl racionaliau gydomų šlapimo takų ir kvėpavimo takų infekcijų bei dažniau atliekant bakteriologinius testus. / We analyzed data of 100 hemodialysis patients during 2007 year and excluded cases of antibioticotherapy. The aim of the study was to review the principles of rational antibioticotherapy and to investigate level of non-adherence of the prescribed antimicrobial drugs to nationally available guidelines and its change after intervention in nephrology department in 2007. The evaluation of adherence to national recommendation was estimated using “Rational use of antimicrobial preparations: recommendations for microbiological diagnostics, treatment, and propylaxis of infectious diseases” (Vilnius, 2004). The results showed, that the level of non - rationality in using antimicrobials decreased from 17.4% in 2006 till 9.9% in 2007. This is statistically significant (χ2 > 9.488; p < 0.05).

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:05:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 okura_mh_dr_jabo.pdf: 1727865 bytes, checksum: 274387943c4d806f73766dff5da4c4f2 (MD5) / No presente trabalho foram analisadas 111 amostras de queijos Minas Frescal. As análises compreenderam a determinação do Número Mais Provável de coliformes a 35ºC e a 45ºC e pesquisa de E. coli. Os resultados mostraram a presença de coliformes a 45ºC acima dos valores permitidos pela legislação em 30% dos queijos com SIF, 70% dos queijos sem SIF e 61,4% dos queijos temperados. Das Enterobacteriaceae isolados nos queijos Minas Frescal verificou-se presença de E. coli, Proteus, Providencia, Serratia, Klebsiella e Enterobacter. Foram isoladas e identificadas 1.243 E. coli e dessas amostras foram separadas aleatoriamente 330 estirpes, para pesquisar a presença do gene stx1, stx2 e eae, a detecção dos genes codificadores de adesinas (pap, afa e sfa) pela reação em cadeia da polimerase e o teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Nenhuma estirpe testada identificou presença de stx e eae não havendo E. coli produtoras de toxina e uma estirpe apresentou o gene afa. Para o teste de sensibilidade as E. coli de todos os queijos testados apresentaram índices de resistência à tetraciclina. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito inibitório do Origanum vulgare e da Petroselinum sativum testando-os sobre coliformes a 35ºC e a 45ºC do queijo produzido com leite cru e dos queijos produzidos com leite cru acrescidos de E. coli (ATCC 25922). Os resultados dessas plantas no leite cru não promoveram efeito inibitório sobre os coliformes a 35ºC, no entanto, promoveram um efeito inibitório significativo nos coliformes a 45ºC. No leite inoculado com E. coli, os resultados apresentaram efeito inibitório para os coliformes a 35ºC e a 45ºC / In the present study, 111 samples of cheese of Fresh “Minas” type were analyzed. The analysis include the determination of the most likely number of coliforms at 35ºC and at 45ºC and research of E. coli. The results showed the presence of coliforms at 45ºC above the values allowed by the legislation in 30% of the cheese with SIF, 70% of the cheese without SIF and 61.4% of the seasoned cheese. Out of the Enterobacteriaceae isolated in the cheese of Fresh “Minas” type and the E. coli, Proteus, Providencia, Serratia, Klebsiella e Enterobacter presence was determinated. 1,234 E. coli were isolated and identified and 330 stocks were randomly separated out of these samples to research the presence of the stx1, stx2 and eae gene, the detection of the adhesine codifier genes (pap, afa and sfa), through the chain reaction of polymerase and the sensibility test to antimicrobials. No tested stock identified the presence of stx and eae, no E. coli toxin productors and a stock showed the afa gene. For the sensibility test, the E. coli of all the tested cheese showed endurance index to tetracycline. In this study, it was evaluated the inhibitory effect of the Origanum vulgare and the Petroselinum sativum by testing them on the coliforms at 35ºC and at 45ºC of the cheesed produced with raw milk and the ones produced with raw milk and E. coli (ATCC 25922). The results of these plants in the raw milk did not provoke inhibitory effect on the coliforms at 35ºC, however, they provoked a significant inhibitory effect in the coliforms at 45ºC. In the milk inoculated with E. coli, the results showed inhibitory effect for the coliforms at 35ºC and at 45ºC

Submitted by Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia (mebiotec.ufba@gmail.com) on 2017-04-04T13:16:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO Final - LUISA CARVALHO ANDRADE.pdf: 1905703 bytes, checksum: d26c7953ce5663f0aca0a866c5701328 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Delba Rosa (delba@ufba.br) on 2017-07-06T12:52:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO Final - LUISA CARVALHO ANDRADE.pdf: 1905703 bytes, checksum: d26c7953ce5663f0aca0a866c5701328 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-06T12:52:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO Final - LUISA CARVALHO ANDRADE.pdf: 1905703 bytes, checksum: d26c7953ce5663f0aca0a866c5701328 (MD5) / FAPESB / A Baía de Todos os Santos (BTS), segunda maior baía do Brasil, abriga grande diversidade de ambiente, flora e fauna, porém pouco se sabe sobre sua diversidade microbiológica e seu potencial de bioprospecção. Este trabalho teve por objetivo a busca de novas substâncias antimicrobianas, capazes de inibir o crescimento de bactérias patogênicashumanas e de animais marinhos, isolados do solo de cinco praias da BTS. No total foram isoladas 107 bactérias das quais dez apresentaram produção de substâncias antimicrobianas. Após o sequenciamento verificou-se que dos dez isolados, somente oito foram de fato identificadas molecularmente, sendo sete destes membros da família Bacillaceae, grupo ao qual pertencem diversas produtoras de substâncias antimicrobianas. Entre os isolado que apresentaram produção de substâncias inibidoras do crescimento constatou-se que os isolados 21, 50 e 54 tinham maior poder de inibição. O extrato destes três isolados foi confeccionado através da acidificação do sobrenadante livre de células, isolado após o período de incubação. Os extratos do isolado 21 e do isolado 50 foram capazes de inibir a bactéria Klebsiella rizophyla, e o extrato 21 conseguiu ainda inibir a Vibrio vulnificus. Após verificação molecular através de primers específicos de sete substâncias antimicrobianas produzidas por Bacillus, constatou-se que os isolados 21 e 50 são produtores da substância ericina. / The All Saints´s Bay (BTS), the second largest bay in Brazil, where can be founded great diversity of flora and fauna including diversity of landscapes, but unknown about their microbial diversity and potential to bioprospecting. This study aimed to search for new antimicrobial substances that can be able to inhibit the growth of human pathogenic bacterias and marine animals, isolated from sediment from five BTS beaches. Was isolated a total of 107 bacterias where 10 showed antimicrobial substances production. After 16S sequencing, was found that from the ten isolates, only eight were identified by amplification PCR and seuqencing, seven members of the Bacillaceae family, where antimicrobial substances belonging this group are known. It was found that the isolates numbers 21, 50 and 54 had a greater power of inhibition. The extract of these three strains was made by acidification of the cell-free supernatant, isolated after the incubation period. The extracts of the isolate 21 and 50 were able to inhibit the bacteria Kocuria rhizophyla , and the same extract could also inhibit Vibrio vulnificus. In advance, was realized a molecular bioprospecting using specific molecular primers from conserved regions belongs to seven antimicrobial substances produced by Bacillus. It was found that the isolates 21 and 50 are Erycina producing.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 salvia_acrd_me_sjc.pdf: 748582 bytes, checksum: c8eb5b5ba196067377171ac7b51599c6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Considerando-se que portadores de anemia falciforme apresentam relatado aumento da suscetibilidade às infecções e que reservatórios bucais de microrganismos patogênicos podem representar uma porta de entrada para doenças, a avaliação da microbiota bucal potencialmente patogênica ganha relevância. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de leveduras do gênero Candida, estafilococos, enterobactérias e Pseudomonas spp. na cavidade bucal de pacientes com anemia falciforme em tratamento com hidroxiuréia, comparando os resultados com indivíduos controle. Foram incluídos no estudo 69 pacientes, com idades entre 15 a 60 anos, portadores de anemia falciforme, confirmados por exames clínicos e laboratoriais. Estes foram divididos em dois grupos: em tratamento com hidroxiuréia (HU) por no mínimo 90 dias (n=30); sem tratamento com HU (n=39). Foram também incluídos dois grupos controle pareados (controle I e II, respectivamente), sendo indivíduos saudáveis com perfil semelhante (quanto à idade, sexo e condições bucais) aos dos grupos em estudo. Não foram incluídos pacientes diabéticos, portadores de próteses bucais totais, outras doenças sistêmicas e que estivessem sob terapia com medicamentos que podem interferir com as condições bucais. Foram realizados exame clínico, anamnese e coleta de enxágüe bucal de cada paciente. Este foi semeado em meios de cultura específicos para cada microrganismo e, após incubação, foram obtidos valores de UFC/mL. Os isolados foram identificados pelo sistema API. A prevalência das espécies de microrganismos isolados foi comparada entre os grupos anemia falciforme com HU (AnF/HU+), sem HU (AnF/HU-) com seus respectivos controles. Foram realizados testes de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos segundo metodologia CLSI. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as contagens de estafilococos... / Considering that sickle cell anemia patients have reported increased susceptibility to infections and oral reservoirs of pathogens may represent a gateway for disease, evaluation of potentially pathogenic oral flora becomes relevant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Candida species, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. in the oral cavity of patients with sickle cell disease under treatment with hidroxyurea (HU), comparing the results with control subjects. The study included 69 patients aged 15-60 years, with sickle cell disease, confirmed by clinical and laboratory examinations. These were divided into two groups:under treatment with HU for at least 90 days (n=30), and without HU (n=39). Two matched controls (control I and II, respectively), composed of healthy individuals with similar profile (age, gender and oral conditions) to the study groups were included. Diabetic patients, patients with dentures, and other systemic diseases and those under treatment with medications that can interfere with oral conditions were not included. Clinical examination and anamnese were performed and mouthrinse sample was collected from each patient. The sample was plated into specific culture media for each microorganism and, after incubation values of cfu/ml were obtained. Isolates were identified by API system. The prevalence of the species were compared between groups with sickle cell anemia HU (AnF/HU+) and without HU (AnF/HU-) and the respective control groups. Antimicrobial susceptibility testings were performed according to the CLSI methodology. There were no statistically significant differences counts of staphylococci and Enterobacteriaceae/Pseudomonas between the groups AnF/HU+ and AnF/HU- and the respective control groups. Significant differences in the counts of yeasts were observed between AnF/HU- group and the respective control, however... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)