This dissertation examines the use of argumentum ad baculum in preaching in general and the sermons of George Whitefield in particular. Argumentum ad baculum has traditionally been considered an informal fallacy of relevance. The fallacy can be defined as an appeal to force or an appeal to fear. Chapter 1 discusses the relationship of argumentum ad baculum with the empirical study of fear appeals and the rhetorical use of pathos. Attention is also given to the preaching of Whitefield and his place in the history of preaching as an innovator. Whitefield's role in the shift to a more passionate and emotional sermon style is noted. The chapter also addresses the challenges a study of Whitefield's sermons presents. Chapter 2 is devoted to defining argumentum ad baculum, examining the history of the phrase, the two ways it has been defined, the nature of it as a fallacy, and fear appeals as a part of the definition. The chapter includes a discussion of source credibility in relation to fear appeals. Chapter 3 analyses the sermons of Whitefield to identify his use of fear appeals. The types of fear appeals he used in his sermons are listed along with evidentiary sermon material. The types of material Whitefield used to formulate the appeals are also discussed. Chapter 4 gives attention to the effect of Whitefield's fear appeals on his auditors. In order for an appeal to be effective, it must first arouse fear in the recipients of the appeal. Historical narratives are examined from Whitefield himself, eyewitness accounts, and personal testimonies of those who were present at his meetings. The chapter provides evidence of the general and specific effect of Whitefield's fear appeals. Chapter 5 concerns the ethicality of Whitefield's appeals. The chapter surveys a number of standards for ethical judgment. The chapter argues that Whitefield's use of fear in his published sermons was ethical, primarily because of the intention with which he used them. Chapter 6 offers guidelines for the contemporary use of argumentum ad baculum in preaching. Modern audiences are unaccustomed to the use of fear for persuasive means. However, this type of argumentation can be used ethically and effectively.

The Role of the Court of Appeal from 1548 to 1783 The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the development of the Court of Appeal in Prague between the years 1548 and 1783. The thesis describes the role of one the most important tribunals in the Czech Lands during the Early Modern Age. The reason for my research is that this issue has not been elaborated complexly by modern historians. The aim of the thesis is to complete and revise results of former researches in this area. The thesis is composed of an introductory, ten chapters and conclusions. Some chapters are subdivided into parts. The introduction defines the topic, describes existing literature and other materials. The investigation is based both on published and archival documents. The last ones were examined in the National Archives and chosen regional archives. Chapter One examines why the Court of Appeal was established, specifies its legal framwork and describes members of the Court. The Court was established in January 1548 by Czech King Ferdinand I Habsburg (1526-1564) in order to restrict the power of royal towns in the Czech Lands after the sovereign suppressed the revolt of the Estates in 1547. The judges of the Court of Appeal were representatives of all Estates in Bohemia (high nobility, gentry, burgesses) and four erudite...

Regular Appeal in civil proceedings As it is the case in ordinary life also in judicial decision making, errors cannot always be omitted. A judicial decision can suffer from various defects that may have different characteristics or the judicial decision may not necessary suffer from such defects, but the litigants may consider it as defective due to them being unsatisfied with the unfavorable outcome. For this reason, the civil procedural code contains institutes that enable the modification, revocation or affirmation of a judicial decision. These institutes constitute the appellate procedure are subdivided into regular and extraordinary, depending on whether the litigants are appealing a decision that has already became valid or not. The aim of this diploma thesis is to focus on the current legal regulation of the appellate procedure with a strong emphasis on regular appeal in dispute proceedings. I chose this topic as the focus of my diploma thesis because it is the only regular remedy contained in the czech civil procedural code and therefore the most commonly used in judicial practice and also the one, I am most familiar with from my own professional experience. The fundamentals of the appellate proceedings are contained in the Act no. 99/1963 coll., civil procedural code, which regulates the...

This study explores whether the third-person effect caused by the Pap smear advertisements appear & if they turn viewers into actions. The degree that the advertisements effect on third-person effect is focused, as a reference for the government when they¡¦d like to make more effective advertisements, instead of putting all the slogans & appeals together. The result shows: Advertising appeal¡]positive / negative¡^ & direct / indirect wording influences third/first-person effect ,while sexual attitude of audience doesn¡¦t. Because of the privacy of pap smear test, the research didn¡¦t find the relation between third/first person perception & behavior intention.

The expansion of Internet promotes the rise of social media. The appeal of social marketing leads the enterprises start to set up fanpage on Facebook to interact with their members.This study discusses whether the messages¡¦ emotion or the managers¡¦ emotion result in members¡¦ emotion in fanpage,and furthermore to find out the connection between members¡¦ emotion and brand attitude. This research adopts experimental method and distributes on-line questionnaire, retrieving 384 samples and analyze the data with SPSS 17.0. The results shows that the display of messages and the menagers¡¦emotional expression certainly affect menbers¡¦ positive emotion, and directly affect the menbers¡¦ brand attitude to the enterprises.This study points out the importance influence of emotion in marketing research,and provides some practical suggestions to enterprises to develop a new strategy.

Since the implementation of Government Procurement Act, the competent authority ¡X Public Construction Commission, Executive Yuan ¡X had set up 40 kinds of sub-laws and more than ten of related operation regulations so as to be the foundation of handling procurement for procuring organs and suppliers. The regulations of government procurement are therefore more complete. While under this circumstance, the dispute of government procurement is increasing day by day. What are the real causes behind the phenomenon? When the two parties had the dispute about procurement, it will incur numerous extra human and substantial costs. If we do not choose corrective approaches to resolve these disputes, not only the two parties waste resources, but also seriously impact the performance of dealing procuring dispute for organs. This situation will be more obvious to the port authority in our study that is located in the key position of sea transportation and transshipment. In this study case, the port authority will deeply suffer the dispute of procurement because it has to provide superior service for shipping company to match the tendency of vessels¡¦ type enlargement. This study explored the ever-happened dispute cases in a port authority and sorted out causes, types, settling ways of procurement dispute and performance of resolving procurement dispute from literatures, and then discussed with main professionals in related business fields to draft adequate questionnaire, going on survey to the members who real did the procurement duty in the port authority. This study got 105 copies of effective surveys, and then preceded factor analysis, correlation analysis, and path analysis to not only verify the hypotheses proposed, but also understand the practices and views of members in the port authority. The conclusions from this study included: 1. Most of procurement dispute happened in the stage of contract implementation. There is huge ratio of concerning cases from representatives. The usual way of resolving procurement dispute is through the appeal to Complaint Review Board of Government Procurement. 2. Different kinds of members got different cognitions in some dimensions. 3. The result of factor analysis shows that there are four significant factors, including perfect regulations, regulations¡¦ acknowledge, training enhancement, and complete documentation. But the primary factors affecting types of procurement dispute are regulations¡¦ acknowledge and training enhancement. Among all four factors, regulations¡¦ acknowledge has the most effect on type of procurement dispute. 4. Type of procurement dispute has positive effect on way of resolving procurement dispute. 5. Way of resolving procurement dispute has positive effect on performance of resolving procurement dispute.

Abstract Competitions between the brands of the real estate commodity are intense. With regard to sales, the advertisement must bring into full play in the marketing situation which engages in hand-to-hand combat. Goal of the creativity person in message designs of the advertisement is trying to have the consumers sharing same feeling. Allow the advertising creativity has more accurate effect, the appeal strategy complement each other reduces the advertisement being invalid and waste. This research is aimed at the advertisement of the real estate. It is to discuss what level does combination influence of the advertising creativity and the advertising appeals have effect on the consumer¡¦s interest in product. There are two goals in this research, first is to discuss combination influence of the advertising creativity and the advertising appeal. How advertising creativity high-low level, different advertisement combinations of perceptual appeal and rational appeal show their effects. Second is to discuss how the consumer¡¦s interests are arisen from the advertisement combination of the advertising creativity and the advertising appeal. Through advertising creativity level, different advertisement combinations of perceptual appeal and rational appeal show their effects. To understand different interest degrees that the consumers have toward the product. This research uses experimentation and profound interview, to discuss how interest effect that the advertisement combination of the advertising creativity and the advertising appeal has on the consumers. In order to understand how these four variables affect the consumers in product results the varying degree of interests, the partial experimentation was designed to 12 groups of hypothesized board advertisements, through out prior consumers 4 groups of hypothesized board advertisements combinations were selected, carries on the official experimentation. There are 111 questionnaires returned, 99 are valid, effective returns-ratio is 89%. The material analysis adopts one way ANOVA analysis, finally conclude: 1.There are obviously differences toward trust attitude between four groups of different advertisements combinations. 2.There are obviously differences toward preference between four groups of different advertisements combinations. 3.The advertisement combination "High creativity - perception" effectively increase the consumer's interests surpasses "the low creativity-perception" the advertisement combination, "the high creativity-rationality" advertisement combination and "low creativity-rationality" advertisement combination.

At present the county and city governments universally establish the fixed speed traps on the roads for clamping down on speeding and running a red light based on the reason of the traffic safety. It causes the populace to violate the traffic regulations incidentally and have the bad impression on the county and city governments who seem to enrich their local budget through setting traps. Essentially do speed trap devices have absolute relationship with the improvements in traffic condition and safety? It still needs verification and study. The governments raise the fine quite subjectively to curb speeding; however, now the domestic lacked research and discussion on the standard reliability of the speed traps. In addition, few people have the recognition of risks and terror appeal messages, such as fine or possible traffic accidents that might happen to the speeding populace. Therefore, we have to research into the aspects of changing the driving behaviors. The study range and the questionnaire design mainly define if the establishment of speed traps in fongsan city Kaohsiung County is a terror appeal to the drivers through risk communication and cognition. To survey the intention of obeying the laws and obtain the data, we implement the questionnaire survey on the common populace. It takes the risk communication and cognition as independent variable and the intention of obeying the laws as dependent variable. Through its deduction and the empirical study, it proves that the establishment and law enforcement of speed traps have the reinforcement and altruism on the law-abiding perception and the constraint to the populace. They will behave appropriately according to the information and the establishments; the governments will also make the most proper laws, regulations and the policies according to the data; finally this will help the individuals, the organizations or the society to make the choices tending to luck and avoiding disasters.

This study examined how various combinations of colors and fonts in email advertisements affect a consumer’s likelihood of purchasing a product and her judgment of appeal. It further examined overall perceptions of email advertisements. The study conducted a survey containing eighteen simulated emails that was distributed over Amazon MTurk. A total of 116 participants in the United States took the survey. Results showed that most participants preferred a yellow foreground to orange and purple, and a blue background to red and green. Findings also revealed that Georgia font style was consistently preferred over Onyx font style. Results showed that emails comprising of a blue background, yellow foreground and Georgia font style were especially significant in influencing consumers to purchase a product and were the most appealing.

Submitted by ÁTILA DE ANDRADE PADUA null (atiladeandradepadua@gmail.com) on 2016-03-03T21:57:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ÁTILA DE ANDRADE PADUA.pdf: 1437890 bytes, checksum: 7141d33f51b3ed6de79c4efbfcfe595e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-04T17:33:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 padua_aa_me_fran.pdf: 1437890 bytes, checksum: 7141d33f51b3ed6de79c4efbfcfe595e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-04T17:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 padua_aa_me_fran.pdf: 1437890 bytes, checksum: 7141d33f51b3ed6de79c4efbfcfe595e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Mormente sob o influxo do princípio da “duração razoável do processo” – anexo ao compromisso em assegurar “meios que garantam a celeridade de sua tramitação” –, foi proposta a renovação do processo civil brasileiro via código, consagrando a postura contemporânea dos tribunais. Refutada a crítica abstrata ao sistema recursal brasileiro, o trabalho busca analisar as reformulações deste segmento da sistemática processual, seu propósito e condições de possibilidade da jurisdição estatal. Norteado pela teoria geral dos recursos e pela preocupação no alcance de uma metodologia pós-positivista, o trabalho adentra a discussão política e constitucional da dogmática jurídica, indagando pelo preço democrático das supressões recursais. Nesse percurso, compreendida a relevância dos institutos do sistema recursal, são colocadas em xeque propostas como a adoção de filtros, o incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas e um modelo de precedentes à brasileira. Portanto, como pano de fundo, o trabalho pretende desnudar os limites do redimensionamento sistemático dos recursos. / Especially by the influx of the "reasonable length of the proceeding" principle – attached to the commitment to ensure "means to guarantee the speed of its proceedings" – has been proposed a renewal of the Brazilian civil procedure by a code, consecrating the contemporary posture of the courts. Once the abstract criticism of the Brazilian appeal system was refused, this dissertation analyzes the reformulations of this segment of procedural systematic, its purpose and conditions of possibility of state jurisdiction. Guided by the general theory of recourses and the concern in reaching a post-positivist methodology, the work enters the political and constitutional discussion of legal doctrine, questioning the democratic price of the procedure remedies deletions. In the middle of the rummage, understood the significance of the appeal system institutes, put into question proposals as the adoption of filters, repetitive demands resolution and a Brazilian model of precedents. Therefore, as a backdrop, the study intends to expose the limits of systematic downsizing of recourses.