Ces travaux de recherche ont pour ambition de contribuer à la problématique de la classification d’images de documents. Plus précisément, ces travaux tendent à répondre aux problèmes rencontrés par des sociétés de numérisation dont l’objectif est de mettre à disposition de leurs clients une version numérique des documents papiers accompagnés d’informations qui leurs sont relatives. Face à la diversité des documents à numériser, l’extraction d’informations peut s’avérer parfois complexe. C’est pourquoi la classification et l’indexation des documents sont très souvent réalisées manuellement. Ces travaux de recherche ont permis de fournir différentes solutions en fonction des connaissances relatives aux images que possède l’utilisateur ayant en charge l’annotation des documents.Le premier apport de cette thèse est la mise en place d’une méthode permettant, de manière interactive, à un utilisateur de classer des images de documents dont la nature est inconnue. Le second apport de ces travaux est la proposition d’une technique de recherche d’images de documents par l’exemple basée sur l’extraction et la mise en correspondance de points d’intérêts. Le dernier apport de cette thèse est l’élaboration d’une méthode de classification d’images de documents utilisant les techniques de sacs de mots visuels. / The aim of this research is to contribute to the document image classification problem. More specifically, these studies address digitizing company issues which objective is to provide the digital version of paper document with information relating to them. Given the diversity of documents, information extraction can be complex. This is why the classification and the indexing of documents are often performed manually. This research provides several solutions based on knowledge of the images that the user has. The first contribution of this thesis is a method for classifying interactively document images, where the content of documents and classes are unknown. The second contribution of this work is a new technique for document image retrieval by giving one example of researched document. This technique is based on the extraction and matching of interest points. The last contribution of this thesis is a method for classifying document images by using bags of visual words techniques.

The thesis examines how current mobile operating systems support context-aware applications and investigates the methods of mobile application debugging. The thesis points out what kind of problems need to be solved during debugging of context-aware applications. The primary goal of the thesis is to propose a debugging method which takes context information into account and to implement this method. The thesis contains a real world use case to demonstrate the proposed method.

Dans notre étude, nous retraçons le chemin d’une reconstruction de la raison pratique à partir du concept de responsabilité. La théorie de la communication est en mesure de nous fournir les moyens théoriques pour saisir l’étroite relation entre responsabilité et normativité pratique, tant au niveau de la reconstruction de la raison pratique, qu’à celui de son application. Néanmoins, il ne s’agit pas d’une reconstruction du mouvement d’ensemble de la pensée de Habermas. Bien au contraire, nous procédons, tel est notre choix méthodologique, par une mise en relief de l’ouverture dialogique de la théorie de la communication à ses interlocuteurs. La théorie de la communication veut restaurer toute la richesse pratique du concept de responsabilité dans ses droits en s’appuyant sur une critique de la subjectivité moderne. Néanmoins, une critique de la théorie de la communication peut montrer que le moment de la constitution de l’intersubjectivité va de pair avec celui du sujet de la communication. / In our study, we are tracing the way of the reconstruction of the practical reason starting from the concept of responsibility. The theory of communication can provide us with the theoretical tools in order to understand the close relation between responsibility and the normative core of practice at the level of the reconstruction of the practical reason as also of its application. Nevertheless, our study does not have for his object the reconstruction of Habermas’ thought as a whole. On the contrary, our methodological choice is to proceed based on the emphasis on the opening of the dialogue of the theory of communication towards its interlocutors. The theory of communication attempts to restore the whole practical richness of the concept of responsibility underpinning a critique of the modern subjectivity. Nevertheless, a critique of the theory of communication can show that the moment of the constitution of the intersubjectivity is consistent with that of the subject of communication.

L’application des concepts de la biologie évolutionnaire (BE) à la problématique de la réalité socioéconomique n’est pas un sujet nouveau dans certaines disciplines socioéconomiques, même si cette inspiration pour la problématique de la géographie socioéconomique, ou plutôt du développement régional, est plus récente et en général se fonde sur les applications réalisées notamment en économie. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’identifier de nouveaux concepts de la BE et de tenter de les appliquer aux sujets sélectionnés du développement régional directement, sans le rôle d’intermédiaire d’autres disciplines. L’attention est dans un premier temps prêtée à la recherche du cadre théorique convenable et d’un aperçu des concepts de la BE déjà appliqués aux sciences sociales. La seconde partie présente certains concepts de la BE pour lesquels les applications potentielles (par l’intermédiaire des analogies et des métaphores) aux thèmes choisis du développement régional ont été identifiées. Les concepts appliqués ont été divisés en quatre ensembles thématiques biologiques plus larges – l’adaptation, la coévolution, la sélection et la spéciation. L’application de la spéciation peut être probablement perçue comme la contribution la plus précieuse de la thèse. Elle s’appuie sur l’hypothèse qu’il est possible d’identifier certains traits analogues entre les concepts socioéconomiques path dependence et lock-in et les concepts de la BE concernant la spéciation et d’identifier et de classifier les mécanismes / structures qui fonctionnent comme des barrières socioéconomiques. / Application of the evolutionary biology concepts to socio-economic reality issues is not any new theme, even if this inspiration in socio-economic geography and especially in regional development is more recent and is based, in general, on already realized applications, mainly in economics. The main objective of the PhD thesis is thus an identification of hitherto non-applied evolutionary concepts, or to this time neglected biological aspects of already applied concepts and an attempt of their application to the selected themes of regional development without the intermediary role of other disciplines. In the first place, the attention is paid to the search of an appropriate theoretical approach and of the summary of already applied evolutionary concepts to the social sciences. Second part presents some evolutionary biology concepts where a potential for applications (based on the mediator role of analogies and metaphors) to the selected regional development issues was identified. Individual applied concepts were divided into four more complex thematic units – adaptation, co-evolution, selection and speciation. The application of the last concept could probably be considered as the most valuable contribution of the PhD thesis. It is based on the hypothesis that some analogical traits can be identified among socio-economic concepts of path dependence and lock-in and biological concepts linked with speciation and that the biological concepts can provide the general inspiration for identification of certain types of socio-economic barriers of development of regions and for an attempt to classify them.

Master of Science / Department of Computing and Information Sciences / Daniel Andresen / The aim of this project is to develop an Android application for managing and organizing daily activities. Mobile application development is a growing trend in computer industry. Lot of desktop applications is [i.e. are] now becoming available as mobile applications with increasing demand in market. Android is one of the most popular platforms in mobile technology and gives lot of space for creative development as it is open source. There are various discussion forums and official Android development support websites that encourages mobile and tablet application development. The Quick Organizer application provides three main features for managing and organizing everyday tasks. 1. Calendar with smooth navigation buttons and flexible layout to view all calendar events. This calendar synchronizes with Google calendar and calendar application in Android device and allows user to create events in all the user calendar accounts. 2. Notes management for creating new note, viewing all notes for current month and search notes for the user account that synchronizes with the Ever Notes application. 3. Tasks management to create daily to-do lists with deadline for every task. The user can see all the tasks created with clear demarcation between complete and incomplete tasks with help of strike-out tasks when completed.

O desenvolvimento de trabalhos em grupo tornou-se uma tarefa cada vez mais comum nos dias atuais. Com isso, houve também um crescimento na utilização e no desenvolvimento de aplicações computacionais que implementam os processos de apoio à cooperação entre as pessoas, as quais possibilitam um considerável ganho de produtividade nas tarefas realizadas pelo grupo. A integração de várias dessas aplicações pode resultar em um acréscimo de funcionalidades, aumentando as possibilidades de uso e a flexibilidade para o usuário. Com o objetivo de agregar funcionalidades e melhorar os potenciais usos dos sistemas de software, aplicações integradas possuem, em geral, mais funcionalidades e maiores possibilidades de uso do que aplicações isoladas. Assim, foi desenvolvido o WS4CSCW (Web Services for Computer Supported Cooperative Work), um Web Service que tem como objetivo facilitar a integração de ferramentas e sistemas CSCW. O WS4CSCW permite o gerenciamento de usuários, grupos, recursos, permissões e papéis de usuários e grupos, disponibilizando funcionalidades para aplicações voltadas ao trabalho em grupo, bem como para facilitar a integração entre essas aplicações, permitindo um co-funcionamento mais direto, consistente e coeso. / Nowadays, the achievement of tasks made in groups has become a habitual concern by people. In this way, a rise of using and developing computer programs that support cooperative work process has been noted. The programs aim to provide productivity improvements on work made by groups. Integrating the software could result in increasing functionalities, augmenting both its use possibilities and flexibility. Integrated softwares have, in general, more features and use's potential than isolated applications. As a result, WS4CSCW (Web Services for Computer Supported Cooperative Work) -- a Web Service to assist CSCW application's integration was developed. WS4CSCW allows management of users, groups, resources, permissions, and user and group roles, by making available functionalities to applications for group work, making easy the integration among these applications and providing a straighter, more cohesive and consistent cooperation.

Les textiles techniques enduits sont de plus en plus utilisés pour des applications telles que les structures gonflables, les airbags ou les voiles de parachutes. Ces textiles performants et de faible grammage, sont constitués d’un renfort en tissu polyester thermoplastique (polyéthylène téréphtalate (PET)) ou polyamide (PA) et d’une matrice généralement en PVC. Cependant les contraintes environnementales imposent d’envisager une substitution au PVC, nocif et difficilement recyclable. Les polyuréthanes thermoplastiques représentent des candidats potentiels à cette substitution, mais l’absence d’adhésion inhérente à l’incompatibilité chimique avec le tissu constitue l’un des principaux verrous.Les travaux de cette thèse s’inscrivent dans le cadre du projet INOVANEX ayant pour objectif de réduire l’impact environnemental de textiles enduits types PVC / PET conventionnels par substitution isoperformante d’enduction polyuréthane thermoplastique TPU/ PET suivant une démarche d’éco-conception.Les travaux ont consisté à :1) Améliorer l’adhésion de l’enduction TPU sur le tissu PET via une augmentation de la température d’extrusion. Cette augmentation de la température a été rendue possible grâce à l’ajout de PEBD dans la matrice TPU (avec et sans compatibilisant) pour maintenir une viscosité suffisamment importante pour que le film puisse être extrudé.2) Étudier les propriétés rhéologiques et mécaniques des mélanges TPU/PEBD avec et sans ajout de compatibilisant3) Améliorer l’adhésion du TPU sur le tissu en effectuant des prétraitements du renfort et étudier la tenue en service des matériaux ainsi développés Les recherches menées ont montré une augmentation importante de la force d’adhésion de l’enduction sur le tissu pour les deux méthodes suivies. L’étude de la compatibilisation du mélange TPU/PEBD a montré une forte diminution de la tension interfaciale et une augmentation de la résistance à l’amorçage de la déchirure des mélanges avec ajout du compatibilisant. / Coated technical textiles are widely used for several industrial applications. A lot of producers use the extrusion calendering process to produce coated fabrics because it is one of the cheapest processes. Most of these coated fabrics are made with a polyester fabric and a polyvinyl chloride coating but in order to reduce the environmental impact, the producers are willing to substitute PVC by thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). However, a technological lock of the calendering of TPU on polyester fabric is the ability to get a good adhesion of the coating on the fabric.This PhD has been realized in collaboration with the different partners of the INOVANEX project which aim is to reduce the environmental impact of PVC coated textiles by the substitution with TPU coated textiles.The main steps of the PhD were:1) Increase the peel strength of the coating on the fabric by increasing the extrusion temperature. It was possible to increase the extrusion temperature thanks to a blend with TPU and LDPE. The LDPE enabled us to maintain the viscosity of the extruded sheet high enough to get a good film2) Study the rheological and mechanical properties of the TPU/LDPE blends with or without compatibilizer3) Increase the peel strength of the TPU on the fabric thanks to several treatments on the fabric before the extrusion of TPU. Study the in-service strength of the materials that have been developed.The results showed a strong adhesion of the coating on the fabric for both studied methods. The study of the compatibilization of the blend has shown an important decrease of the interfacial tension and a strong increase of the resistance to crack ignition with the addition of the compatibilizer.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T13:59:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 10 / Nenhuma / A abordagem tradicional de construção de softwares baseia-se num modelo voltado para atender um conjunto de requisitos de negócios (normalmente um modelo de objetos ou componentes), porém, precisa estar preparado para atender necessidades de negócios que podem surgir no decorrer do processo. Assim, um modelo baseado em serviços pode representar uma nova forma de tecnologia para atender estas necessidades. No cenário brasileiro e internacional, o parque de sistemas de computação legado é muito expressivo. Estes sistemas se encontram em produção utilizando tecnologias muitas vezes já ultrapassadas que permitem uma pequena taxa de reuso. Portar estes sistemas para uma tecnologia baseada em serviços, visando obter reuso em grande escala, requer uma análise criteriosa do código existente e algumas customizações para disponibilizar serviços sem comprometer seu funcionamento. Este trabalho propõe e implementa uma arquitetura denominada Aruba que permite a geração de serviços a partir de sistemas legados e o acesso a / The traditional software development is based on a model focused in answering a set of business requirements (generally an object or component model), but it needs to be prepared to deliver solutions to business needs that may occur during the process. This way, a service based model may represent a new technology approach to meet these needs. At the Brazilian and international scenario there are many legacy systems. These systems are being currently in use and often are built on old technologies that do not allow much reuse. Porting these systems to a service based technology, aiming large scale reuse, needs analysis of the existing code and some customizations to make services available without compromising its functions. This work explains an architecture called Aruba that allows service generation from legacy systems with no need of legacy code change. This solution uses the Web Services technology, which allows service description and use through WSDL and SOAP (all XML based), and uses a database as re

Les applications Web sont très populaires et l'utilisation de certaines d'entre elles (p. ex. Facebook, Google) fait de plus en plus partie de nos vies. Les développeurs sont impatients de créer diverses applications Web pour répondre à la demande croissante des gens. Pour construire une application Web, les développeurs doivent connaître quelques technologies de programmation de base. De plus, ils préfèrent utiliser certains composants tiers (tels que les bibliothèques côté serveur, côté client, services REST) dans les applications web. En incluant ces composants, ils pourraient bénéficier de la maintenabilité, de la réutilisabilité, de la lisibilité et de l'efficacité. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d'aider les développeurs à utiliser des composants tiers lorsqu'ils créent des applications web. Nous présentons trois obstacles lorsque les développeurs utilisent les composants tiers: Quelles sont les meilleures bibliothèques JavaScript à utiliser? Comment obtenir les spécifications standard des services REST? Comment s'adapter aux changements de données des services REST? C'est pourquoi nous présentons trois approches pour résoudre ces problèmes. Ces approches ont été validées par plusieurs études de cas et données industrielles. Nous décrivons certains travaux futurs visant à améliorer nos solutions et certains problèmes de recherche que nos approches peuvent cibler. / Web applications are highly popular and using some of them (e.g., Facebook, Google) is becoming part of our lives. Developers are eager to create various web applications to meet people's increasing demands. To build a web application, developers need to know some basic programming technologies. Moreover, they prefer to use some third-party components (such as server-side libraries, client-side libraries, REST services) in the web applications. By including those components, they could benefit from maintainability, reusability, readability, and efficiency. In this thesis, we propose to help developers to use third-party components when they create web applications. We present three impediments when developers using the third-party components: What are the best JavaScript libraries to use? How to get the standard specifications of REST services? How to adapt to the data changes of REST services? As such, we present three approaches to solve these problems. Those approaches have been validated through several case studies and industrial data. We describe some future work to improve our solutions, and some research problems that our approaches can target.

Objectives: Dental Monitoring® (“DM,” Dental Monitoring, Paris, France), is a cloud-based software that allows orthodontists to track patients’ treatment remotely. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the software in making linear measurements. Methods: Patients took intraoral photographs using the DM application, immediately followed by impressions for plaster models. Intercanine and intermolar width and arch depth measurements were made by DM and compared to measurements made on the plaster models. Data was analyzed using two one-sided t-tests for equivalence with equivalence bounds of +/-0.5mm. Significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Thirty sets of measurements were compared. The intercanine and intermolar measurement differences were on average 0.17mm and -0.02mm, respectively, and were deemed equivalent. The arch depth measurements had an average difference of -0.54mm and were deemed not equivalent. Conclusion: The monitoring software seems to provide an accurate assessment of linear tooth movements.