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Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar de que modo a multiplicidade de espaços existente na Síria forma regiões de expressões artísticas diversas. As músicas e as danças desse país contêm, intrínsecos às suas escalas e gestos, os elementos do espaço percebido pelo homem. Nesta pesquisa, ressalta-se que o espaço interfere, mas não determina estas escolhas; outros fatores - aqui abordados - também contribuem para a elaboração artística. No presente trabalho, o espaço, constituído da paisagem mais as relações nela estabelecidas, não é considerado neutro. Ele age sobre as pessoas, assim como estas agem sobre ele; o homem está em contínua - e nem sempre consciente - relação com os atributos do seu meio. Como se analisa aqui, a estrutura espacial, a temperatura e a umidade de uma região, sua paisagem sonora (conjunto de sons ao qual um lugar está submetido), os sons e os gestos do cotidiano e outras estruturas maiores interferirão no repertório de sons que é escolhido para fazer música. Além disso, estes elementos imprimirão marcas posturais e de tonicidade muscular, que afetarão os movimentos utilizados para dançar. / This work has as its main objective to analyze how the multiplicity of spaces that exists in Syria forms regions of artistic expressions different among them. The music and dances of this country have, intrinsic to their scales and gestures, elements coming from the space noticed by the man. In this research, it is emphasized that the space interferes, but do not determines theses choices; other factors considered here also contribute to the artistic elaboration. In this work, the space, constituted by the landscape plus the relations set in it, is not considered neutral. It acts on people as they act on him; man is in continuous - and not always conscientious - connection with his environment attributes. As we analyze here, the special structure, the temperature and the humidity of a region, its sonorous landscape (sounds to which a place is submitted), the daily sounds ahd gestures plus other major structures interfere in the sounds repertoire that is chosen to make music. Furthermore, these elements will impress postural marks and marks of muscular tonus that affect movements used to dance.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar de que modo a multiplicidade de espaços existente na Síria forma regiões de expressões artísticas diversas. As músicas e as danças desse país contêm, intrínsecos às suas escalas e gestos, os elementos do espaço percebido pelo homem. Nesta pesquisa, ressalta-se que o espaço interfere, mas não determina estas escolhas; outros fatores - aqui abordados - também contribuem para a elaboração artística. No presente trabalho, o espaço, constituído da paisagem mais as relações nela estabelecidas, não é considerado neutro. Ele age sobre as pessoas, assim como estas agem sobre ele; o homem está em contínua - e nem sempre consciente - relação com os atributos do seu meio. Como se analisa aqui, a estrutura espacial, a temperatura e a umidade de uma região, sua paisagem sonora (conjunto de sons ao qual um lugar está submetido), os sons e os gestos do cotidiano e outras estruturas maiores interferirão no repertório de sons que é escolhido para fazer música. Além disso, estes elementos imprimirão marcas posturais e de tonicidade muscular, que afetarão os movimentos utilizados para dançar. / This work has as its main objective to analyze how the multiplicity of spaces that exists in Syria forms regions of artistic expressions different among them. The music and dances of this country have, intrinsic to their scales and gestures, elements coming from the space noticed by the man. In this research, it is emphasized that the space interferes, but do not determines theses choices; other factors considered here also contribute to the artistic elaboration. In this work, the space, constituted by the landscape plus the relations set in it, is not considered neutral. It acts on people as they act on him; man is in continuous - and not always conscientious - connection with his environment attributes. As we analyze here, the special structure, the temperature and the humidity of a region, its sonorous landscape (sounds to which a place is submitted), the daily sounds ahd gestures plus other major structures interfere in the sounds repertoire that is chosen to make music. Furthermore, these elements will impress postural marks and marks of muscular tonus that affect movements used to dance.

No description available.

Die Studie widmet sich dem heutigen Musikleben in Ägypten und legt den Schwerpunkt auf die Stadt Alexandria. Obwohl alle großen Einzelereignisse, die im 20. Jahrhundert zur Entwicklung der ägyptischen Musik beigetragen haben, in Kairo stattfanden, besteht auch in Alexandria ein breitgefächertes Musikleben, das alle musikalischen Entwicklungen dieses Jahrhunderts aufgesogen und trotzdem eine individuelle Prägung entfaltet hat. Auf einen historischen Abriss zur Geschichte der ägyptischen Musik im 20. Jahrhundert folgt eine Bestandsaufnahme der Musikszenen in Alexandria, wie die Verfasserin sie ihm Jahre 2013 selbst erlebt hat. / The study deals with music in Egypt today with particular emphasis on the city of Alexandria. Even if the major events that contributed to the development of Egyptian music in the 20th century took place in Cairo, there is a wide range of musical life in Alexandria that has absorbed all the musical developments of the last century while retaining its individual character. A historical overview of Egyptian music in the 20th century is followed by a survey of the music scene in Alexandria as experienced by the author in 2013.

Die Studie widmet sich dem heutigen Musikleben in Ägypten und legt den Schwerpunkt auf die Stadt Alexandria. Obwohl alle großen Einzelereignisse, die im 20. Jahrhundert zur Entwicklung der ägyptischen Musik beigetragen haben, in Kairo stattfanden, besteht auch in Alexandria ein breitgefächertes Musikleben, das alle musikalischen Entwicklungen dieses Jahrhunderts aufgesogen und trotzdem eine individuelle Prägung entfaltet hat. Auf einen historischen Abriss zur Geschichte der ägyptischen Musik im 20. Jahrhundert folgt eine Bestandsaufnahme der Musikszenen in Alexandria, wie die Verfasserin sie ihm Jahre 2013 selbst erlebt hat. / The study deals with music in Egypt today with particular emphasis on the city of Alexandria. Even if the major events that contributed to the development of Egyptian music in the 20th century took place in Cairo, there is a wide range of musical life in Alexandria that has absorbed all the musical developments of the last century while retaining its individual character. A historical overview of Egyptian music in the 20th century is followed by a survey of the music scene in Alexandria as experienced by the author in 2013.

Cette recherche vise à présenter les grandes lignes des théories qui ont essayé de regrouper et de catégoriser les échelles dans la musique arabe du Machreq depuis le début du 20ème siècle jusqu’à nos jours.De plus, la recherche divise les théories de la catégorisation des échelles musicales arabes du Machreq en deux doctrines : les « théories actuelles » et la théorie de Muhammad SALÂH AL-DÎN.La recherche fait aussi une comparaison entre ces deux théories en présentant leurs points de différence et ceux de convergence.D’ailleurs, cette recherche propose une nouvelle approche de la catégorisation des échelles dans la musique arabe du Machreq. Cette nouvelle approche est basée principalement sur les principes de « la périodicité d’échelles ».De plus, Cette recherche discute les questions relatives au sujet des armatures d’échelles avec les quarts de ton. / This research aims at presenting the outlines of the theories which have tried to collect and to categorize the scales in the Arabic music of the Mashreq since the beginning of the 20th century till nowadays.Moreover, the research divides the theories of the categorization of the Arabic musical scales of the Mashreq into two doctrines: the « actual theories » and the theory of Muhammad SALÂH AL-DÎN.The research also compares these two theories by presenting their points of difference and those of convergence.Besides, this research comes up with a new approach of the categorization of the scales in the Arabic music of the Mashreq. This new approach is principally based on the principles of “the periodicity of scales”.Moreover, this research discusses les questions relative to the subject of the key-signatures with the quarter-tones.