This thesis examines the networked industrial landscapes of Cape Town's nineteenth century gas supply industry, and South Africa's twentieth century grain elevator system. The thesis takes the view that, although created in very differing circumstances, both networks were explicitly constructed with the purpose of social and economic development, albeit for narrowly defined constituencies. In both cases, important component sites of these networks came to the end of their working lives during the course of this research. The Woodstock gas works has since been demolished, and the Cape Town grain elevator stands derelict. The principle question of this thesis asks whether the networks of which these sites formed an integral part, can be conserved with the purpose of future social and economic development within the broad framework of Agenda 21. Working within a methodological framework informed by the Kerr's Conservation Plan work, research was conducted which would provide a thorough understanding of the networks, allowing for an assessment of cultural significance, an awareness of issues that might affect that significance, and the formulation of policies for retention. Extensive desk-based study, archival research, and fieldwork was carried out at the Woodstock gas works, the Cape Town grain elevator, and the surviving country grain elevators that comprise the respective networks. Both the key sites were recorded during their final days of operation, with a detailed site inventory being created for the Cape Town grain elevator, together with an inventory of sites for the country elevators. It was found that the attitude to industrial heritage is changing rapidly, but that it is heavily influenced by aesthetic and economic considerations. The Woodstock gas works was demolished, and the site cleared, with very little active consideration being given to its conservation. By way of contrast, the Cape Town grain elevator, now derelict, has been the subject of a draft Conservation Plan, albeit one prepared without public participation. The process has stalled as the developer attempts to reconcile aesthetic and economic drivers with a publicly held commitment to the conservation, and marketing, of 'heritage'. The thesis concludes by proposing a new approach to dealing with networked industrial landscapes. It suggests that the surviving country elevators can not only be put to good use for the purpose of sustainable development in terms of Agenda 21, but that the network which historically links them to the Cape Town elevator could itself be re-established in the cause of social transformation.

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This thesis is a tentative application of Foucault’s archaeological method to the English common law. The project is an attempt at explaining and demonstrating the specific attributes of the method in terms of a contribution to an understanding of the law as both continuous and discontinuous. From the understanding applied in this thesis, an application of the archaeological method requires a careful examination of the monuments of a discourse. The monuments that are examined in this project are a number of negligence law judgments. The authors of the monuments are seen as the sum of the practices that constitute them. That is, in this application of the method to the law, the judges are not considered as authors, instead, the judgments they write are seen as reflecting the practices of the legal discourse. The most fundamental of these discursive practices, from the perspective applied in this thesis is the repetition of past legal statements in the production of judgments. In the understanding of law adopted in this project, cases are treated as sites within which judges choose from a number of possible legal statements made by preceding judges. The common law, then, is seen as representing a process in which statements by particular judges in specific cases are valorised, primarily through repetition, until the alternative utterances are largely, but never completely, excluded. The application of the archaeological method to these negligence decisions demonstrates the operation of the discursive practice of repetition. The application provides a framework for appreciating the way in which the law can change without losing its continuity and legitimacy. The project examines cases between 1750 and 1972 and demonstrates that, despite apparently radical changes in the articulations of liability, from the writ system to the duty of care, the law has maintained its structure through the reproduction of the discursive practices that constitute members of the legal profession.

Archaeological records at the Navan site are fragmented and difficult to interpret. This site, in County Armagh, Northern Ireland, features artefacts extending over 4,000 years from the Neolithic period to the Iron Age. This thesis provides a framework for understanding this important material culture. Through an analysis of archaeological theories and specific physical items, links are established among the natural world, culture, and the Navan residents’ understanding of the cosmos. This analysis covers the landscape (e.g. topography), constructed objects (e.g. prehistoric infrastructure such as pools, roads and earthworks), and metaphysical concepts (e.g. sound and time), thus building a holistic picture of how these settlers might have viewed themselves, the physical world around them, and the spiritual world they imagined. While it is not possible to determine definitively these groups’ purposes and motives, the thesis finds clues in the incoherentarchaeological evidence. It explores possible functions for archaeological markers whose significance is not clear. These markers could, for instance, have beenmeans of social separation orceremonial signifiers. Therefore the thesis is both an analysis of a particular site and an investigation into how the archaeological process itself, specifically in a situation of challenging evidence, enables distant worlds to be understood.

The level of analysis undertaken in this study can only suggest the role that Nuzi Ware may have played in the signaling of political identity and relationships in the Kingdom of Mitanni. Yet, this study has brought to the spotlight aspects of Mitannian political organization that have been on the periphery of many analyses of Nuzi Ware as well as studies of the Mitanni Empire. This study used the known data about Nuzi Ware and placed it in an explicitly political as well as social framework, confinning the Empire' s decentralized nature, as well as the important role of local elites in the maintenance of this Empire.

Cette recherche doctorale se propose d'analyser et de déterminer le contexte d'émergence du culte apollinien à Chypre ainsi que ses caractéristiques et son évolution de ses origines jusqu'à la fin de la période hellénistique / This doctoral dissertation aims to analyse and define the context of apparition of the Apolline cult in Cyprus as well as its characteristics and its evolution from its origins until the end of the Hellensitic era.

L'explorateur, anthropologue, collectionneur, homme d'affaires, industriel et poète Auguste Genin (1862-1931), sillonna le territoire mexicain dans le cadre de ses multiples activités professionnelles dès les années 1880. Parallèlement, il développa un grand intérêt pour l'archéologie, l'histoire, la culture et les populations du Mexique. Son « œuvre archéologique» comprend l'ensemble de ses activités d'exploration et ses travaux archéologiques (fouilles, collectes, acquisitions) ainsi que leurs résultats, c'est à dire les collections archéologiques, et la documentation créée autour de ses ensembles. Pendant presque quatre décennies, entre la fin des années 1890 et le début des années 1930, Genin envoya plus de 1100 objets archéologiques à différents musées et institutions, notamment en Europe. Dans une époque charnière pour l'archéologie au Mexique, Genin fut témoin privilégié et acteur de l'évolution de la politique en matière d'études archéologiques et de l'appréciation pour les cultures préhispaniques. Ses travaux préservèrent la « mémoire » des pratiques et du collectionnisme «anciens», tout en s'ouvrant à une nouvelle ère. L'objectif principal de cette recherche est de dresser un profil du collectionneur et, par extension, d'une époque, et d'établir sa place dans l'histoire de la discipline au Mexique, par l'analyse de son œuvre archéologique. Cette dernière n'avait pas encore fait l'objet d'une étude complète, détaillée et synthétique et, en dépit de leur importance et de leur intérêt scientifique, aucun inventaire complet des ensembles n'en avait été dressé. / Explorer, anthropologist, collector, businessman, entrepreneur, and poet Auguste Genin (1862-1931), travelled throughout Mexican lands since the 1880's whilst carrying on his diverse business activities. At the same time, he developed a great interest in the archaeology, history, culture and peoples of Mexico .. His "archaeological work" is here understood as the whole of h.is exploration and archaeological activities (excavation, surface collection, acquisitions), as well as their direct results, that is, the archaeological collections themselves and ail the documentation associated with them. Over the span of more than forty years, between the end of the 1890's and the beginning of the 1930's, Genin sent more than 11 000 archaeological objects to various museums and institutions, mostly in Europe. During a pivotal moment for Mexican archaeology, Genin was a privileged witness and participant of the evolution concerning archaeological practice and study and the appreciation of pre-Columbian cultures. His work preserved the "memory" of "old-time" methods and collecting, and at the same time embraced a new era. The main goal of this research project is to draw a portrait of Genin as collector and, by extension, of a specific period, as well as to establish his place in the history of the discipline in Mexico, through the examination of his archaeological work. The latter had not yet been subject to a complete, detailed and integrated study, despite its importance and scientific interest, nor had a complete inventory of his collections been drawn up.

Since the 1980s, there has been a growing consciousness among heritage workers and policy makers about the management of indigenous heritage. Museums, universities, and other cultural institutions around the world have acknowledged that old work practices must be exchanged for new ones, where the indigenous peoples are allowed influence, stewardship, and interpretative prerogative. One result of these efforts is the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007). With the breakthrough of public archaeology and community archaeology in the 1990s, these ambitions have also been put into practice in multiple archaeological projects around the globe. In my research, I examine the heritage management system of Sweden, and how this system works in relation to the indigenous Sámi.  Despite being on the retreat geographically for the past few centuries, the Sámi still dispose of about 50% of the area of Sweden for the grazing of their reindeer, which means the historical and cultural landscape of the Sámi is vast and the archaeological traces of their activities are spread over a large area. In Sweden, about 90% of all archaeological projects are due to land development projects and conducted by archaeological companies operating on a commercial market. The remaining 10% are research projects financed by public funding and mostly conducted by museums and universities.  Investigating the Swedish county of Jämtland as a case study and drawing on interviews with ten actors with different perspectives on Sámi heritage, I study what happens when policy meets practice. The indigenous perspective appears to be considered less in contract archaeology than in research projects. Legislation, money, old habits, and the realities of everyday life obstruct indigenous influence. But my research results suggest that there are also ways of improving the system.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The question about the possibility of the spread of philosophical activity in school - a typical institution of our society that bears the responsibility to convey the ways of thought that exist in our culture - constitutes an important aspect in the recent history of (re) inclusion of the discipline of philosophy in high school in Brazil. It is under such a paradigm that has emerged this research proposal, belonging to the Research Line 2: School Practice and Public Policy, of the Postgraduate Program in Education of the Federal University of Santa Maria. His goal was to investigate the discourses that permeate the school, the philosophy class and subjectteachers of philosophy, and that, somehow, produce an apparent separation between the teaching of philosophy and philosophizing. The materiality of this research are documents of public policies on education and the discipline of philosophy, the documents of the schools and / or institutions of higher education, philosophical and academic texts (who hold forth on education, teaching philosophy, activity of philosophizing), but fundamentally, the words of teachers of philosophy. It is assumed therefore that the subject represented by the teacher is likely of the intersection of various discourses constitute the knowledge on philosophy and education, contemporaneously. The reading of both documents as the speeches - from semistructured interviews - was in the exercise of an archaeogenealogic discourse analysis, as the postulates developed by Michel Foucault. In this sense, the project introduces and develops concepts such as speech, utterance, archeology, genealogy, and subject of discourse. Therefore, as a result of this investigation, we highlight certain conceptions of philosophy, philosophizing and teaching of philosophy crossed by referring, as: teaching / research, history of philosophy, classic text, critique, dialogue, think / thought,practice, and so. The pedagogical practices indicated by these units of discourse present tensions. These concepts are created by philosophy itself, and therefore denote paradoxes related to the philosophy and teaching of philosophy. They refer to the Kantian sentence Philosophy is not taught. It is taught to philosophize. Finally, the study turns to an analysis of strategies of power and governmentality made in school in order to understand the relationship between teacher discourse and its institutional and political constraints. There is consonance between teaching practices and certain disciplinary and control concepts. / A questão sobre a possibilidade da atividade filosófica na escola uma instituição típica de nossa sociedade que carrega a responsabilidade de transmitir as formas de pensamento existentes em nossa cultura constitui importante aspecto na recente história da (re) inclusão da disciplina de filosofia no ensino médio brasileiro. É sob tal paradigma que foi desenvolvida essa pesquisa, pertencente à Linha de Pesquisa 2: Políticas Públicas e Práticas Escolares, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Seu objetivo foi investigar os discursos que perpassam a escola, a aula de filosofia e os sujeitos-professores de filosofia e que, de alguma forma, produzem uma aparente separação entre o ensino da filosofia e o filosofar. As materialidades utilizadas na investigação foram os documentos das políticas públicas sobre educação e sobre a disciplina de filosofia, os documentos das escolas e/ou das instituições de formação superior, os textos filosóficos e acadêmicos (que dissertam sobre educação, ensino de filosofia, atividade do filosofar), mas prioritariamente, as falas de professores de filosofia. Supõe-se, pois, que o sujeito representado pelo professor é passível do entrecruzamento dos mais diversos discursos a constituírem os saberes sobre filosofia e ensino, contemporaneamente. A leitura tanto dos documentos como das falas provenientes de entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas consistiu no exercício de uma análise discursiva arquegenealógica, conforme os postulados desenvolvidos por Michel Foucault. Neste sentido, a presente dissertação apresenta e desenvolve conceitos tais como discurso, enunciado, arqueologia, genealogia, sujeito do discurso. Por conseguinte, como resultados desta investigação, destacam-se determinadas concepções de filosofia, filosofar e de ensino de filosofia atravessadas por referentes, como: ensinar X pesquisar, história da filosofia, texto clássico, crítica, diálogo, pensar/pensamento, prática, etc. Estes referentes apresentam, por si mesmos, tensões no que confere às práticas pedagógicas a que remetem. Não obstante, são conceitos produzidos no seio da própria filosofia e carregam, por isso, tensões também relativas à constituição deste saber. Eles denotam alguns paradoxos da filosofia e do ensino de filosofia e remetem à máxima kantiana Não se ensina filosofia. Ensina-se a filosofar . Por fim, a pesquisa volta-se a uma análise das estratégias de poder e governamentalidade efetuadas na escola a fim de compreender as relações entre o discurso docente e suas condicionantes institucionais e políticas. Neste sentido, encontram-se consonâncias entre as práticas docentes e determinados conceitos disciplinares e de controle.

This thesis investigates the technology of twenty-six complete vessels from the ceramic assemblages of K2 and Mapungubwe in the Limpopo Province of South Africa, from the early second millennium (AD 1000 - AD 1300). Mapungubwe is a significant pre-colonial archaeological site of social and political complexity, which lead to the emergence of one of the first known states in southern Africa. Ceramics are commonly associated with these nationally significant sites and have served mainly as chronological and regional markers to determine the cultural sequence of the Shashe Limpopo Confluence Area. Previous studies on these ceramics have paid little consideration to ceramic technology, as research for decades has focused largely on stylistic typologies. Non-invasive methods, compositional materials analysis, and macroscopic analysis provide a broad technological characterization of physical evidence left by the potter on the complete vessels, and are used to interpret aspects of the chaîne opératoire or sequence of ceramic manufacture. Though primary traces of forming and shaping techniques have often been erased by secondary forming processes such as smoothing, scraping, wiping and finishing, the fundamental technology of the vessels can nevertheless be elucidated based on a range of technical variables. This study is the first of its kind in South African archaeology, where complete vessels from a valuable research assemblage are used as a basis for understanding ceramic technology. The results enhance archaeological views of Iron Age ceramic technology, which are pertinent to the interpretation of how the ceramics were manufactured and contributes to a wider understanding of social and technical choices made by potters and related social implications. Vessels from the K2 and Mapungubwe ceramic repertoire serve to answer questions about ceramic research that relate to (a) characterization of complete archaeological ceramics, (b) evidence of technology (c) compositional data of the vessels (d) to provide anatomical data on the technological and morphological attributes of ceramic manufacture. The preliminary results point to evidence of local manufacture of K2 and Mapungubwe ceramics by means of the analysis of four steps in the chaîne opératoire: fabric, forming, firing and finishing. Tentative conclusions further demonstrate technological continuity and variability of raw materials for ceramic manufacture at K2 and Mapungubwe. The broader archaeological perspective, which emerges is one of an expanding technological society, changing technical commonalities, forms and decorative styles, and in the process, making if only subtle technological choices in the manufacture process of early second millennium AD Iron Age ceramics. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Anthropology and Archaeology / unrestricted