This thesis analyzes and argues how implementing lean principles and tools affect an organization’s architectural innovation. Introducing new product architectures and modifying existing architectures is often difficult for companies. Architectural innovation requires extensive company resources for experimentations and new learning.    Applying lean principles and tools in an  innovative organization often make difficulties since innovation focus on active exploration for new solutions within a constantly changing environment (high risks). Whereas, lean focus on eliminating all kind of waste in the system (low risks). Little is known about how lean principles and tools might affect architectural innovation in organizations. Therefore, this research explores the relationship between lean and architectural innovation in manufacturing industries. The data sample use for this study is Swedish manufacturing companies in seventeen different industry types.  The types of industries consist on system level product type such as electrical or/and mechanical integrated products.  Results suggest that in lean principles and tools, standardization, value stream and human resource management (HRM) have significantly positive effect on organization’s architectural innovation capability. Whereas, lean design for manufacturability (DFM) has no significant effect on an organization’s architectural innovation capability. This study’s findings suggest companies that have not implemented lean thinking and practices yet can adopt lean concepts not only for efficiently utilizing the resources but for improving the architectural innovation also.  Furthermore, lean companies should increase their focus on customer involvement in product development as well as in cross-functional training of employees and on job training programs to improve the architectural innovation. Findings suggest that those companies that have strategic focus on architectural innovation can adopt lean concepts and procedures from manufacturing and production departments in order to dramatically increase the architectural innovation.

El presente documento tiene como finalidad desarrollar el proyecto de un Colegio Público en Villa María del Triunfo. Este busca responder a la problemática actual de esta zona, la cual consiste en la ausencia de infraestructura educativa, con condiciones ideales de escala, programa y equipamiento que además de servir a los alumnos, también contribuye con la población mediante el uso de espacios comunitarios diseñados. El proyecto permite no solamente los alumnos sino también las personas de la comunidad tengan la posibilidad de realizar actividades recreativos y culturales. La investigación está dividida en 6 capítulos: Presentación del Tema, Proyectos Referenciales, Programación Arquitectónica, Estudio del Terreno, Conclusiones y El Proyecto. / The purpose of this document is to develop the project of a Public School in Villa María del Triunfo. This seeks to respond to the current problem of this area, which consists in the absence of educational infrastructure, with ideal conditions of scale, program and equipment that in addition to serving students, also contributes to the population with designed community spaces. The project allows not only students but also people in the community to have recreational and cultural activities. The research is divided into 6 chapters: Presentation of the Theme, Reference Projects, Architectural Programming, Field Study, Conclusions and The Project. / Tesis

Netbook在2007年成為PC產業的另一話題，且其成長速度實不如忽視，如此一個產品，是如何影響到既有的產業供應鏈，是本論文想要探討之處。且這樣一個產品的出現，影響不僅止於研發此產品的創始公司，其再再影響到與此產品有關的其它供應商。PC產業一直在Wintel的箝制之下，能夠出現這樣一個創新的產品更加值得探討。 Henderson的架構式創新是由產品所影響到的層面，進而探討組織會有不同的應變措施，不過較少探討到架構式創新會間接影響到產品背後的整個供應鏈。 本論文透過對生產Netbook的個案公司(A公司)進行訪談，並將NB產業中不同架構下影響到的供應鏈結構做一比較，其中分別探討影響供應鏈結構的三個面向進行分析，其面向分別是「關係的緊密程度」、「互動方向」與「供應鏈型態」。 Netbook為一架構的改變，主要是由以下的觸發因子所引起：「低價」、「移動性」、「省電」和「外觀設計」。由此使得其在處理器的選擇、面板背光模組的選用與機構設計等與過往都有所不同，由此決定本研究供應商的訪談對象。 研究發現Netbook與NB之間的供應鏈結構會有所不同。Netbook的創始公司，更藉由這樣的一個產品增加了其對上游供應商如Intel的議價能力。

本論文は破壊的イノベーションの微視的・巨視的構造に関する研究だ。クリステンセンによって提唱された破壊的イノベーション理論の基礎を明らかにし、破壊的イノベーション現象の原因と結果を明確に区別する。破壊的イノベーション理論が先行研究で直面した批判に取り組み、イノベーションのジレンマの原因メカニズムに関する問題を浮上する。 / This thesis is a comprehensive study about disruptive innovation, its patterns, and the mechanisms that cause it. This research tests Christensen's disruption theory, the main theory proposed today as an explanation of this phenomenon. In order to do so, this research identifies the strengths and weaknesses of Christensen's theory, and builds upon it to propose an improved theory of disruption that takes into account the differences between the micro and macro perspectives of disruption. / 博士(技術・革新的経営) / Doctor of Philosophy in Technology and Innovative Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University