Este é um estudo sobre a criação da biblioteca da Escola Politécnica de São Paulo e a constituição de seus acervos bibliográficos de arquitetura no período compreendido entre os anos de 1894 e 1928. Espaço privilegiado de articulação política, profissional e intelectual de arquitetos e engenheiros da região de São Paulo no período, a Escola Politécnica abrigou uma inédita biblioteca pública dedicada às diversas especialidades da engenharia nela professadas. Este trabalho constrói um mapa preliminar das características e conteúdos das sua coleções especializadas em engenharia civil e arquitetura e investiga as circunstâncias de sua formação, manutenção e uso. Para tanto, apoia-se em dois principais conjuntos documentais: os papéis administrativos da biblioteca e da diretoria da escola. Com este quadro, contribui com elementos para melhor caracterizar a cultura arquitetônica paulista do período. / This study explores the creation of Escola Politécnica de São Paulos library (São Paulo Polythecnic School) and the formation of its specialized collections dedicated to architecture between the years of 1894 and 1928. Central to the intellectual, professional and political exchanges of architects and engineers in the São Paulo region at that period, the Escola Politecnica housed an unprecedented public collection of technical works dedicated to the various engineering specialties taught in it. This work offers a preliminary description of those collections dedicated to architecture and civil engineering, investigating the circumstances of their formation, their maintenance and use. With this description it aims to contribute to the understanding of São Paulos architectural culture at the period.

Este é um estudo sobre a criação da biblioteca da Escola Politécnica de São Paulo e a constituição de seus acervos bibliográficos de arquitetura no período compreendido entre os anos de 1894 e 1928. Espaço privilegiado de articulação política, profissional e intelectual de arquitetos e engenheiros da região de São Paulo no período, a Escola Politécnica abrigou uma inédita biblioteca pública dedicada às diversas especialidades da engenharia nela professadas. Este trabalho constrói um mapa preliminar das características e conteúdos das sua coleções especializadas em engenharia civil e arquitetura e investiga as circunstâncias de sua formação, manutenção e uso. Para tanto, apoia-se em dois principais conjuntos documentais: os papéis administrativos da biblioteca e da diretoria da escola. Com este quadro, contribui com elementos para melhor caracterizar a cultura arquitetônica paulista do período. / This study explores the creation of Escola Politécnica de São Paulos library (São Paulo Polythecnic School) and the formation of its specialized collections dedicated to architecture between the years of 1894 and 1928. Central to the intellectual, professional and political exchanges of architects and engineers in the São Paulo region at that period, the Escola Politecnica housed an unprecedented public collection of technical works dedicated to the various engineering specialties taught in it. This work offers a preliminary description of those collections dedicated to architecture and civil engineering, investigating the circumstances of their formation, their maintenance and use. With this description it aims to contribute to the understanding of São Paulos architectural culture at the period.

This dissertation focuses on the roles played by the United Nations experts Charles Abrams and G. Holmes Perkins in the foundation of METU Faculty of Architecture. It aims to highlight the ideas and ideals that informed Abrams&rsquo / s and Perkins&rsquo / s METU projects, and to delineate an integrative and multifaceted picture of their political and educational contexts. This picture may serve as a basis for future researches on the institutional and educational histories of METU Faculty of Architecture. It may also help to better understand the contributions of other administrators and instructors -- including First Acting Dean Thomas B. A. Godfrey and Dean Abdullah Kuran -- who played important parts in the formation of the educational direction of the Faculty. Abrams, as a United Nations consultant, paved the way for the foundation of METU Faculty of Architecture by recommending a school of architecture and community planning in Ankara, for the education of professionals competent in responding to the problems caused by rapid industrial expansion and urbanization. Perkins contributed to the foundation process of METU Faculty of Architecture. As the head of the team of experts from the University of Pennsylvania School of Fine Arts, who were sent by the United Nations to Ankara in 1955, he advised the Government of Turkey on &ldquo / the creation of a Faculty of Architecture, a Faculty of City and Regional Planning&rdquo / and two research institutes, as a first step towards an institution of university rank, and with a view to promoting &ldquo / a newer, more practical and modern approach to architecture and urban planning&rdquo / in Turkey. In this dissertation, Abrams&rsquo / s and Perkins&rsquo / s METU projects constitute a starting point for exploring significant themes in the changing political and educational trajectories in America in the mid-twentieth century. The influence of different interpretations of the notions of democracy, individuality and society on technical assistance, urban development policies and architectural education is also investigated. Abrams&rsquo / s professional and academic position as a &ldquo / reflective practitioner&rdquo / is appraised in the light of John Dewey&rsquo / s concepts of democracy, democratic education and &ldquo / reflective thinking.&rdquo / The changing professional and societal roles of the architect and the changing demands upon architectural education in the 1950s framed the background of Perkins&rsquo / s educational approach. The reappraisal of liberal education as part of professional education of the architect, the rising significance of an interdisciplinary pedagogical approach, and the development of &ldquo / organized research&rdquo / in architecture were among the major themes shaping new orientations in the field of architectural education in America in those years. In the dissertation, the lasting validity of these themes for today is highlighted.

This thesis investigates the emergence of a new specialisation within the profession of architecture, namely that of the architectural technologist. The main original contributions from the research concern a deep understanding of how that emergence has been realised, and a study of the implications for buildings in the longer term. Using the UK and Denmark as examples it finds that this profession has existed for a long time, but until recently without formal recognition. It also finds that the consequences of the lack of attention are potentially major, and it suggests why recognition came so late. By researching literature the history of the building and architecture industries was investigated and it is shown how the architects were cooperating with well-trained craftsmen for many centuries. This is compared with the kind of cooperation with architectural technologists going on today, and what will most likely occur in the future. Questionnaires, to provide data about current architectural and architectural technologist education, were sent to groups of newly graduated professionals. After statistical treatment the resulting quantitative data were thoroughly analysed by discussing the possible interpretations. Focus groups of highly qualified professionals also interpreted the data and insights into the needs of industry in both the UK and Denmark were provided. Finally, the thesis concludes by identifying necessary means of improvement, and points at the serious risk of a further division of the construction industry into more consulting companies. This increases the risk of future architecture failing to properly integrate technology and design.

Orientador: Doris Catharine Cornelie Knatz Kowaltowski / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T17:32:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardi_Nubia_D.pdf: 33548194 bytes, checksum: b3689fff59a0684a358df4efb23d48c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa aborda a aplicação do conceito do Desenho Universal no ensino do projeto de arquitetura. O objetivo geral do trabalho é aplicar uma metodologia de ensino de projeto arquitetônico que remeta a projetos qualitativos na questão da inclusão espacial. A revisão da literatura concentra-se em métodos de projeto, experiências de ensino em arquitetura e meios de comunicação apropriados para um processo de projeto participativo. Esta pesquisa adota como metodologia os preceitos da simulação/modelagem combinada com um estudo de caso. A modelagem foi feita em mapas táteis, construídos em escala e passíveis de manipulação, tendo sido investigados como instrumentos de leitura de projeto e apresentados de maneira inovadora no processo de ensino. É dada ênfase à interação entre alunos e voluntários com baixa visão através das possibilidades, potencialidades e dificuldades de participação durante o processo. Os voluntários foram divididos em grupos com diferentes afinidades visuais e fizeram análises de projetos arquitetônicos através da manipulação destes mapas (desenvolvidos por alunos de arquitetura e engenharia civil). Questionam-se também as formas tradicionais de comunicação (desenhos, maquetes, desenhos elaborados no computador) que são utilizadas no ensino do projeto arquitetônico, inserindo como novo elemento a participação de indivíduos com diferentes habilidades visuais. Concluiu-se que a metodologia aplicada obteve resultados positivos e que a inserção dos conceitos de acessibilidade no ensino de projeto arquitetônico deve adotar um conjunto de parâmetros. A pesquisa mostrou-se didaticamente eficiente ao incorporar a participação do usuário durante processo de ensino de projeto e permitiu reflexões sobre o significado do espaço arquitetônico e sua utilização a partir de outros referenciais perceptivos. Os resultados demonstram que o processo de projeto deve ocorrer de forma participativa e que novas formas de comunicação são necessárias. As investigações realizadas contribuem para a melhoria do ensino de projeto arquitetônico e vislumbram a formação de novos profissionais com atitudes sensíveis às diversidades dos usuários e fundamentadas no conceito do Desenho Universal para estimular projetos com qualidade arquitetônica reconhecida / Abstract: The application of Universal Design (UD) principles to the built environment has had an important impact on users, ensuring their quality of life. Most countries, including Brazil, laws and regulations exist to improve accessibility of users with various disabilities and turn environments more inclusive. However, creating a 100% accessible environment is still a challenge. The profession needs to adopt new attitudes, based on the UD principles. The design process must change as well, to communicate design intentions to potential users with disabilities. This thesis presents a study of a design teaching method, which includes UD principles and reflects on users with visual impairment as subjects of investigation. A literature review concentrates on design methods, architectural teaching experiences and means of communication, appropriate for a participatory design process. Tactile maps were investigated as an innovative tool in such a process. The goal of this study was to develop new communication instruments to include the visually impaired into the design process and improve the quality of designs as a whole. The investigation started from the premise that spatial orientation is of extreme importance even for the blind and needs to be addressed in new and innovative ways in architectural design education. Role playing as a means of bringing students closer to the issues of users with disabilities was shown to be insufficient and a collaborative design process increased student¿s sensibility. The research was based on a design class which included a group of participants with low vision. Designs were evaluated, focusing on spatial perception and orientation of such users through tactile maps. Braille and large-scale fonts were used for text communication with the group of the visually impaired. The spatial perception which the different means of communication and the actual space can transmit, were measured through a questionnaire and all designs were evaluated by the participants. Design students of two courses, Architecture and Civil Engineering, learned new and innovative ways of designing, improved their perception of user needs and were challenged to create design communication media, as well as learned to design in a participative process. The results of this study showed that the design process, when users with various deficiencies are involved, must change. New ways of communicating design solutions are_necessaries and design education must include the UD concepts to ensure that future professionals have new and deeper attitudes towards users and are able to create high quality environment / Doutorado / Arquitetura e Construção / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

Through education, a society hopes to reproduce itself, and through architecture a society reveals it’s values, aspirations, norms, beliefs and its cultural composition in the built environment. The first democratic elections in 1994 marked the end of the apartheid era and the beginning of the definition of a new era that would represent the new aspirations of all the people of South Africa. These fairly recent changes are important for the reshaping of the architectural profession as it seeks to interpret new meanings, views and aspirations of the new South African society in the built environment. A starting point in the transformation of the architecture profession is the development of a curriculum model in schools of architecture that will ensure continuous adaptation to the changes in society. The study reviewed and categorized the contemporary curriculum models as used in the South African schools of Architecture according to an array of philosophies and principles that underlie curricula. The Thesis proposes that an eclectic approach to design of architecture curricula is ideal for the multicultural society of South Africa that seeks to balance the demands of the local and global context in its education. This study revealed that most architecture programmes retain their traditional programmes because the university is the largely the locus of learning, experiential learning is minimal as well as little flexibility as most of the learning course- modules are required modules. The Thesis proposes a curriculum model for architecture based on the Post-Modern philosophy, which can effectively accommodate the needs of a changing South Africa in the educational programmes for architects. Such a model defines with clarity the pedagogic or epistemological reasons for directing change in architecture programmes in an increasingly complex and dynamic South African society. / Thesis (PhD (Architecture))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Architecture / unrestricted