Esta dissertação tem por objetivo a investigação dos trabalhos de inventário do patrimônio da cidade de São Paulo, realizados entre os anos de 1974 e 1978, que tinham o objetivo de identificar imóveis a serem preservados na Área Central e na Zona Leste da cidade. Procurou-se compreender estes trabalhos como parte integrante das novas abor-dagens no campo da preservação do patrimônio que estavam em gestação na capital paulista, tanto no que diz respei-to aos conceitos quanto às metodologias neles adotados. Os trabalhos de inventário, assim como, as ações efetivas para a preservação de imóveis são compreendidos como parte de uma nova sensibilidade em relação ao patrimônio da cidade, então em rápido processo de transformação em decorrência das demolições advindas da verticalização ou da implantação de grandes obras viárias e de infra-estrutura, como a implantação do metrô. Procura-se estabelecer os nexos entre esses estudos e as práticas de planejamento urbano e de regulamentação do uso do solo realizados no período. Foram investigados os critérios e conceitos defendidos pelos agentes dos inventários focalizados, procuran-do-se detectar as referências e os diálogos intelectuais mantidos com as experiências nacionais e internacionais, crité-rios considerados decisivos na formação dos novos discursos e métodos empreendidos, especialmente àqueles que contribuíram à construção, entendimento e afirmação do conceito de \"patrimônio ambiental urbano\", utilizado pelos agentes preservacionistas a partir desse período. / This work has as its goal to analyse the inventory works of the heritage of the city of São Paulo, performed between 1974 and 1978, which had as objective to identify real estates to be preserved in the Downtown and East areas of the city. While reviewing these works, it was persued to comprehend them as a fundamental part of the new ap-proaches in the field of heritage preservation in development in the São Paulo state capital, concearning either the concepts and the methodologies adopted in them. The inventories, as well as the effective actions for the preserva-tion of the selected properties, are taken as part of a new sensitivity towards the city patrimony, so far in a quick transformation process due to demolishings caused by verticalization or by the implantation of great road construc-tions or of infrastructure, like subway stations. The focus is to establish the logical aspects between these studies and the practices of urban planning and the regulation of the use of the ground performed in this period. The criteria and concepts defended by the focused inventory agents were studied, trying to detect the references and dialogues kept with national and international experiences, intellectual dialogues considered decisive in the formation of new criteria, speeches and undertaken methods, specially those that contributed to the construction and stating of the concept of \"urban environmental heritage\", used by preservational agents from this period on.

[ES] En el transcurso de la Primera Guerra Carlista (1833-1840) las tropas carlistas incitan a la revuelta por todo el territorio nacional con distinta suerte. Más allá del principal frente de combate que se consolida en el norte, los ejércitos carlistas bajo la dirección del general Cabrera dominan un territorio que se extiende por las actuales provincias de Castellón, Valencia, Teruel, Cuenca y Tarragona. Se desarrolla en este territorio un conflicto bélico de características particulares basado en la estructura de partidas y la movilización de columnas volantes, que, prácticamente hasta 1840, permite a Cabrera consolidar un dominio capaz de dar seguridad al pretendiente Carlos en su marcha hacia Madrid, como también oponerse al armisticio de Vergara para resistir hasta el final. Wilhelm Von Rahden, el que fuera jefe de ingenieros y de los demás cuerpos facultativos del ejército de Cabrera, denomina este territorio como "el Reino Mágico de Cabrera", un territorio convertido en una gran fortificación que se transforma en el tiempo, que se expande y contrae, y cuyos recursos son los propios accidentes del terreno, la arquitectura de toda índole adaptada a las condiciones defensivas y las obras que se construyen de nueva planta para reforzar el sistema, principalmente de campaña. Esta tesis pretende identificar el patrimonio arquitectónico que pudo formar parte de esta trama defensiva y arrojar luz sobre una etapa de la historia de España diluida en la memoria, especialmente en lo que atañe a un legado arquitectónico recurrentemente olvidado, invisible, sometido a procesos de destrucción durante y tras el conflicto, difícilmente documentado ante la escasez de fuentes y la destrucción de las mismas, y, en muchas ocasiones, confundido con arquitecturas de otros periodos históricos. / [CA] Durant la Primera Guerra Carlina (1833-1840) les tropes carlines inciten la revolta per tot el territori nacional amb diferent sort. Més enllà del principal front de combat que es consolida al nord, els exèrcits carlins sota la direcció del general Cabrera dominen un territori que s'estén per les actuals províncies de Castelló, València, Terol, Conca i Tarragona. Es desenvolupa en aquest territori un conflicte bèl·lic de característiques particulars basat en l'estructura de partides i la mobilització de columnes volants, que, pràcticament fins a 1840, permet a Cabrera consolidar un domini capaç de donar seguretat al pretendent Carles en la seva marxa cap a Madrid, com també oposar-se a l'armistici de Vergara per resistir fins al final. Wilhelm Von Rahden, el que va ser cap d'enginyers i dels altres cossos facultatius de l'exèrcit de Cabrera, denomina aquest territori com "el Regne Màgic de Cabrera", un territori convertit en una gran fortificació que es transforma en el temps, que s'expandeix i contrau, i els recursos de la qual són els propis accidents del terreny, l'arquitectura de tota índole adaptada a les condicions defensives i les obres que es construeixen de nova planta per reforçar el sistema, principalment de campanya. Aquesta tesi pretén identificar el patrimoni arquitectònic que va poder formar part d'aquesta trama defensiva i fer llum sobre una etapa de la història d'Espanya diluïda en la memòria, especialment pel que fa a un llegat arquitectònic recurrentment oblidat, invisible, sotmès a processos de destrucció durant i després del conflicte, difícilment documentat davant la manca de fonts i la destrucció de les mateixes, i, en moltes ocasions, confós amb arquitectures d'altres períodes històrics. / [EN] During the First Carlist War (1833-1840) the carlist troops incited revolt throughout the national territory with different fates. Beyond the main combat front that is consolidated in the north, the carlist armies under the leadership of General Cabrera dominate a territory that spread through the current provinces of Castellón, Valencia, Teruel, Cuenca and Tarragona. A warlike conflict of particular characteristics develops in this territory, based on the party structure and the mobilization of flying columns, which, practically until 1840, allowed Cabrera to consolidate a domain capable of giving security to the pretender Charles on his march to Madrid and also oppose the armistice of Vergara to resist until the end. Wilhelm Von Rahden, who was chief of engineers and of the other optional corps of the Cabrera army, calls this territory "the Magic Kingdom of Cabrera", a territory converted into a great fortification that is transformed over time, which it expands and it contracts, and whose resources are the own accidents of the terrain, the architecture of all kinds adapted to the defensive conditions and works that are completely new to reinforce the system, mainly field fortification. This thesis aims to identify the architectural heritage that could have been part of this defensive plot and it aims to illuminate a period of the History of Spain diluted in memory, especially regarding an architectural legacy that is recurrently forgotten, invisible, subjected to processes of destruction during and after the conflict, hardly documented due to the scarcity of sources and their destruction, and, on many occasions, confused with architectures from other historical periods. / Navalón Martínez, V. (2021). La fortificación del "Reino Mágico" de Cabrera [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/173710 / TESIS

La thèse porte sur la patrimonialisation de l’urbain à partir des dispositifs censés encadrer le devenir du patrimoine dans les villes et qui se confronte aux logiques de développement urbain. La posture situe la patrimonialisation de l'urbain dans un processus historique. Initialement centrée sur les monuments, identifiés pour leurs valeurs, la patrimonialisation a englobé les contextes pour ensuite considérer les ensembles comme des patrimoines. La patrimonialisation des ensembles urbains doit prendre en compte les multiples dimensions et acteurs impliqués dans la gestion des villes. Ces évolutions nécessitent la conciliation entre la préservation du patrimoine et le développement urbain. Comment, dès lors, penser concrètement une patrimonialisation, spécifique à l’urbain ?L’étude se fonde sur une reconstruction des programmes de projets dans l’intramuros d’Avignon (France) à partir du croisement de données recueillies dans les documents consignés dans les archives municipales (couvrant la période de 1957-2004) avec des données issues d’entretiens avec des acteurs impliqués (entretiens semi-directifs avec 14 personnes ressources). Ainsi, les sources (orales) de première main permettent d’éclaircir et de compléter les sources écrites (archives). En observant les expérimentations entreprises à Avignon, depuis la Loi Malraux en 1964, nous mesurons la construction sociohistorique des pratiques locales qui se sont structurées autour de la préservation du patrimoine en rapport aux orientations nationales et les difficultés d’une prise en compte de la ville historique dans l'évolution urbaine de la ville d’Avignon.La recherche se concentre sur trois (3) moments : les années 1960, 1970 et 1980. Le premier illustre une prise de conscience de l’urgence de préserver les quartiers historiques par la mise en place des secteurs sauvegardés. Ce dernier reste imprégné par la conservation des monuments comme des objets isolés sans arriver à prendre en charge les ensembles. Le deuxième ancre la préservation des ensembles dans les efforts de développement urbain à travers la mise en place des Contrats Ville-Moyenne sous la supervision de l’État. Enfin, le troisième s’affranchit du contrôle de l’État en instaurant des Zones d’Aménagements différées adossées sur des projets issus d’études insistant sur la dimension patrimoniale. L’analyse de ces trois moments consiste à repérer les orientations prises en faveur, ou non, du patrimoine et à rendre compte des contextes et des acteurs impliqués dans ces prises de décisions. En nous référant à des travaux en sciences humaines (sociologie, géographie, anthropologie) et concernant spécifiquement le patrimoine (Amougou, Davallon, Gravari-Barbas, Rautenberg, Veschambres…), nous avons démontré que les orientations qui compromettent la préservation du patrimoine viennent de l’absence de lien entre trois (3) niveaux, repérés lors de l’analyse : la trouvaille du patrimoine, la mise en politique du patrimoine et l’action urbaine. Pour dépasser ces manques de liens entre les trois, la thèse propose un outil pour penser la patrimonialisation de l’urbain, qui réunit et met en relation les conditions de réussite de la patrimonialisation d’un ensemble urbain historique.La recherche doctorale a ainsi permis de produire des connaissances à visée opérationnelle, en plus d’ouvrir plusieurs pistes qu’il serait pertinent d’approfondir. Sur le plan méthodologique, le repérage des mesures prises en faveur ou contre le patrimoine nécessiterait, compte tenu de la complexité du problème tel que posé, une analyse transversale plus approfondie pour définir des indices en faveur de la préservation ou bien de la détérioration. Dans ce sens, les résultats dégagés à partir du cas d’Avignon gagneraient à être confrontés à d’autres terrains. Par ailleurs, l’arrimage de ce travail aux derniers développements en matière de conservation urbaine portés à l'échelle internationale, par ICOMOS et par l’UNESCO, paraît porteur / The preservation of historic cities requires on behalf of the actors committed to the urban development of the urban historic ensemble (EUH) additional efforts to extend their actions beyond isolated buildings. In practice, when developing historic urban ensembles, the conservation of the urban heritage seems to be relegated to an external if compulsory constraint which has to be overcome. This situation often results in the opposition of two aims: development versus conservatory.The question of how can the conservation of urban heritage be better considered is debated on international, national and local scales. By joining this current debate, our thesis aims to answer the following question: how can we improve the management of the imperatives behind urban development in historic cities, when tied to patrimonial obligation towards urban ensembles?The literature review helped us show that the notion of urban heritage, which justifies the urban preservation, was born in the minds of planners confronted with urban development, linking the notion of the urban heritage more closely to that of development than to conservation. In the absence of one that would move towards urban heritage preservation and confronted with the dominant if opposite postures, we realized, based on the literature review, that the opposition shared anchoring elements: the preservation paradigm of actions, centered on buildings and unsuitable in the case of ensembles, this paradigm supported by divergent institutional cultures and strengthened by an opposition between the modes of local implication.Considering the well-known difficulties and the contributions of the literature review, which clarifies the nature of the opposition between heritage conservation and development, how can the preservation of historic urban ensembles be thought differently? To answer that question, we propose reflecting on urban preservation as integrated to urban development.On the methodological level, the nature of the opposition between development and conservation sends us back to the analysis of what takes place on the field. We chose to look at the historic center of Avignon, where various actors have attempted to exceed this opposition. Avignon, as a mid-sized city of the South of France, is endowed with one of France’s biggest protected areas which cover the entire historic center. The history of the actions carried out in the intramural brings out archetypical situations which illustrate the opposition between development and conservation. The case study allowsus to intellectualise the mobilization of urban heritage on 3 levels: Institutional, Find and Urban action. Each of these levels distinguishes itself by the nature of the mobilization and by the point at which are made manifest the mobilization of the material and symbolic dimensions of urban heritage. Starting with the case study, we have conceptualised a model which goes beyond a restricted reading focused on the opposition to think out urban development within the context of urban conservation. The model brings into the urban development the notion of urban heritage designation as a succession of actions which qualify urban historic ensemble as heritage and preserve them. On the scientific level, the model mobilizes notions, borrowed from sociological, communicational, ethnological and geographical approaches of heritage designation. It proposes a new analytical framework for thinking about the actors involved in the urbanistic management of the historic urban ensembles, so as to exceed the oppositions and guarantee a sustainable creation of urban heritage which does not constitute an obstacle for the imperatives of development. The model helps us see the roles at stake and organizes the various actions undertaken by the various actors in favour of both heritage and development to come up with an integrated urban heritage designation

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Douglas Murilha-1.pdf: 14097136 bytes, checksum: de6509aa6792a81ed834e6fa52dc439d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-15 / This research aims to study the theories and concepts hygienists present on the body of doctors and engineers, from the early nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth century, checking the impact thereof on the construction of public buildings - markets and slaughterhouses . We also intend to investigate an analytical perspective that focuses on the constructive-typological conceptions of slaughterhouses and public markets of these cities, which are the objects of investigation of research both in Europe and Brazil. From the second half of the nineteenth century, the construction of slaughterhouses and markets began to be administered by the municipalities of S?o Paulo Province. These buildings were linked to food production and movement of goods. Generally, they were built in locations away from the urban center at the time, so as to cater to the principles hygienists. The epidemics that afflict European cities in Brazil were also concerned with the arrival of cholera by ship from Europe in the 1850s and led the Imperial Government passed obliging local councils to adopt their positions on health determinations, provided the imperial legislation of 1828, which are based on the theory that hygienist largely attributed to the "poison" in this environment the cause of several epidemics. Since then, the political hygienist who largely had their bases in the miasma theory, began to explain the control of government in the marketing of foodstuffs in the cities. Municipalities are now responsible for the construction and administration of abattoirs and markets, which, thereafter, they became public, no longer private. Many of these buildings built in cities in the interior have been demolished, and the Municipal Slaughterhouse of Campinas, designed by renowned architect-engineer Francisco de Paula Ramos de Azevedo. The slaughterhouse of Vila Mariana in Sao Paulo with Alberto Kuhlmann design, opened in 1887, was preserved and is now a cultural center. Still, it was preserved in Sao Paulo Municipal Market of Santo Amaro, opened in 1897, built in brick masonry, where it supplies the capital of timber, grain and other goods produced in the region or received from nearby cities like Itapecerica and Embu. Indeed, part of this heritage today tumbled by CONDEPHAAT Sao Paulo is linked to the production office of architect-engineer Francisco de Paula Ramos de Azevedo. This is the case Paulistano Municipal Market, opened in 1933, built in neoclassical style. Another example is the Municipal Market of Campinas, opened in 1908, also designed by Ramos de Azevedo, and this style neomourisco. This paper presents a set of case studies of public markets and slaughterhouses still exist in some cities in the interior, which are of significant historical value and still unprotected by the municipal bodies. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo o estudo das teorias e as concep??es higienistas presentes junto ao corpo de m?dicos e engenheiros, a partir do in?cio do s?culo XIX at? meados do s?culo XX, verificando a repercuss?o das mesmas na constru??o de edif?cios p?blicos mercados e matadouros. Pretende-se tamb?m investigar uma perspectiva de an?lise que foca as concep??es tipol?gicas-construtivas dos matadouros e mercados p?blicos destas cidades, sendo estes os objetos de investiga??o da pesquisa, tanto na Europa como no Brasil. A partir da segunda metade do s?culo XIX, a constru??o de matadouros e mercados passaram a ser administrados pelas municipalidades da Prov?ncia Paulista. Estes edif?cios estavam ligados ? produ??o aliment?cia e a circula??o das mercadorias. Geralmente, os mesmos foram constru?dos em locais afastados do centro urbano na ?poca, para assim, atenderem aos princ?pios higienistas. Os surtos epid?micos que acometiam as cidades europ?ias tamb?m se manifestaram no Brasil com a chegada da c?lera atrav?s de navios vindos da Europa na d?cada de 1850 e fez com que o Governo Imperial passasse a obrigar as c?maras municipais a adotarem em suas posturas determina??es sanit?rias, previstas na legisla??o imperial de 1828, sendo estas fundamentadas na teoria higienista que em grande parte atribu?a ao veneno presente no ambiente a causa das diversas epidemias. A partir de ent?o, as pol?ticas higienistas que em grande parte possu?am na teoria miasm?tica suas bases, passaram a explicar o controle das administra??es p?blicas na comercializa??o dos g?neros aliment?cios nas cidades. As C?maras Municipais passam a ser as respons?veis pela constru??o e administra??o dos matadouros e mercados, da qual, a partir da?, os mesmos passaram a ser p?blicos, n?o mais particulares. Muitos destes edif?cios constru?dos em cidades do interior paulista j? foram demolidos, como o Matadouro Municipal de Campinas, projetado pelo renomado arquiteto-engenheiro Francisco de Paula Ramos de Azevedo. O Matadouro da Vila Mariana em S?o Paulo com projeto de Alberto Kuhlmann, inaugurado em 1887, foi preservado e ? hoje um centro cultural. Ainda, em S?o Paulo foi preservado o Mercado Municipal de Santo Amaro, inaugurado em 1897, constru?do em alvenaria de tijolos, onde este abastecia a capital de madeiras, cereais e outras mercadorias produzidas na regi?o ou recebidas de cidades pr?ximas, como Itapecerica e Embu. Na verdade, parte deste patrim?nio hoje tombado pelo CONDEPHAAT de S?o Paulo est? vinculada ? produ??o do escrit?rio do arquiteto-engenheiro Francisco de Paula Ramos de Azevedo. ? o caso do Mercado Municipal Paulistano, inaugurado em 1933, constru?do no estilo neocl?ssico. Outro exemplo ? o Mercado Municipal de Campinas, inaugurado em 1908, tamb?m projetado por Ramos de Azevedo, sendo este em estilo neomourisco. O presente trabalho apresenta um conjunto de estudos de caso de matadouros e mercados p?blicos ainda presentes em algumas cidades do interior paulista, sendo estes de significativo valor hist?rico e ainda desprotegidos pelos ?rg?os municipais.

Les différents types d’édifices résidentiels, urbains, suburbains et ruraux de l'époque de la Rome antique sur le territoire de la Serbie contemporaine, ainsi que la culture de l’habitat, représentent le sujet abordé dans la présente thèse. Cette réflexion analyse les principaux facteurs économiques, démographiques, sociologiques, géographiques, culturels et autres qui ont influencé le choix de l’emplacement des résidences, le développement de différents types d’agglomérations, la conception architecturale des édifices résidentiels et la création d’une culture de l’habitat. Les points primordiaux de cette recherche sont : l'analyse des zones résidentielles au sein des unités urbaines, les liens des propriétés suburbaines et rurales avec les centres urbains et le réseau de l'infrastructure de l'Antiquité tardive, ainsi que l'analyse comparative des éléments structuraux et décoratifs des maisons romaines du point de vue des matériaux utilisés, des techniques, de la décoration etc. Les éléments architecturaux et les caractéristiques fonctionnelles des maisons de l’Antiquité tardive sur le sol serbe sont comparés aux édifices construits dans les autres parties de l'Empire romain, afin d'identifier leurs valeurs spécifiques et les influences architecturales dominantes. La thèse représente une base de données bilingue accessible aux nouvelles générations de chercheurs, une contribution à l'ensemble des valeurs culturelles de la Serbie. Le but de cette base de données est d'élaborer une stratégie pour la conservation, la présentation et l'utilisation du patrimoine antique en tant que grand potentiel culturel, touristique et économique de développement durable. / The research topic of this thesis refers to residential buildings and residence culture in late Ancient Rome Classical antiquity period on the territory of the present-day Republic of Serbia. Research goal is to reconstruct residential architecture and culture from the Ancient Roman period on this territory, based upon analyses of preserved residential architecture structures, identification of architectural elements’ characteristics, creation of residential buildings typology, as well as analyses of residential urban zones, links between buildings and urban centers and infrastructure network. Through comparative analysis of spatial structure, functional, constructional and decorative elements, as well as characteristics of late Roman antiquity buildings on the territory of Serbia with residential buildings from other territories of Roman Empire, their specific values and dominant influences have been identified.Systematized data on residential buildings and reconstruction of residential culture on this territory allows further valorization of findings in comparison to other areas of Roman Empire. It also explains different types of late Antiquity residential buildings occurrence and their influence on later development of architectural forms. Collected and processed information, along with recommendations for preserving the fund of antique residence program as architectural heritage, has been transformed into bilingual database available to new generations of researches worldwide. / Предмет истраживања у докторској дисертацији су стамбени објекти и култура становања из периода касне антике на територији данашње Србије. Циљ истраживања је реконструкција стамбене архитектуре и културе становања у римском периоду на овом подручју, на основу проучавања сачуваних резиденцијалних структура, утврђивања карактеристика архитектонских елемената и формирања типологије стамбених објеката, као и анализе зона становања унутар градова, веза грађевина са урбаним центрима и са мрежом инфраструктуре. Упоредном анализом просторне структуре, функционалних, конструктивних и декоративних елемената, као и карактеристика касноантичких грађевина са територије Србије са стамбеним зградама из других области Римског царства, утврђене су њихове специфичне вредности и доминантни утицаји.Систематизовани подаци о стамбеним грађевинама и реконструкција стамбене културе на овом подручју омогућавају валоризацију налаза у односу на друга подручја Римске империје, као и боље разумевање настанка различитих типова касноантичких стамбених објеката и њиховог значаја за даљи развој архитектонских форми. Прикупљене и обрађене информације су, уз препоруке за очување фонда стамбеног програма антике као градитељске баштине, преточене у двојезичну базу података међународно доступну новим генерацијама истраживача.