Die NATO gilt als das erfolgreichste Militärbündnis der Geschichte. Dabei war sie immer zugleich auch ein politisches Bündnis. Notwendig ist die aktuelle Selbstvergewisserung zu Zweck und Hauptaufgaben. Verteidigung, Stabilisierung Europas und internationale Friedensmissionen werden dazu gehören. Wichtig bleibt ein gemeinsamer Wille zum praktischen Untersetzen durch verbesserte militärische Fähigkeiten. Die Allianz sollte das spezifische militärische Instrument in die breiteren internationalen sicherheitsrelevanten Bemühungen einbringen.

Max Weber以「暴力的壟斷」、「制度性的支配聯合體」（Herrschaftsverband）與「職業官僚」定義「現代國家」，即。這個定義背後似乎隱含了「凡是武力壟斷即現代」、「現代必武力壟斷」及「古代不是武力壟斷」。依此，「現代性」具有時序意涵。 本文從歷史上中國的財政與兵的關係類別，以「攤派模式」、「數目字管理」、「人身關係管制」及「非人身關係管制」四項，檢視「傳統／現代」之差異，說明中國古代也符合「現代性」的特色，現代性實際上是一種條件而非「時序」。Max Weber所定義的「現代國家」武力壟斷概念應與時序概念無涉。

Organizations benefit from the use of training and performance assessments. Self-assessment is a way for trainees to monitor their progress throughout training and on the job. The literature indicates that ambiguity and skill level are factors that impact the accuracy of self-assessments. Previously, the effect of the interaction of ambiguity and skill level on self-assessment accuracy had not been investigated. The present study assessed the effect of skill level and item ambiguity on the accuracy of self-assessments made by Lieutenants and Captains in the U. S. Army. The results indicated that increased skill level resulted in increased accuracy of self-assessments while ambiguity had no effect. Counter to the hypothesis, as items became more ambiguous, both Captains and Lieutenants self-assessed more accurately. Implications and limitations are discussed, along with recommendations for future research.

Followinf the year of 1991, with the extensive application in the military field of new and high technology, focusing on information technology, it is a common choice for main countries in the world to build an Informationization army to promote the ability to win an information war in the future. Military information construction has already become the focus topic of military theory innovation and military practice and also an important observation indicator to assess national defense construction and military strength development all over the world. Under this background, Jiang Zemin proposed a national defence and military modernization cross-centennial ¡§three step¡¨ development strategy to promote military information construction in an all-round way and hope to build up an information-based army in 2050. The construction achievement of the first step strategy from 1991 to 2010 is a key factor to the success or failure of PLA building up an Informationization army in 2050. The main study focus and range of this dissertation is PRC's first step national defence and military modernization construction based on cross-centennial ¡§three steps¡¨ development strategy. By studying military thinking logic and law building, including fighting, building, training, we are going to observe and understand the military information construction outcome from 1991 to 2010 of PRC and assess and analyze the prospect of PLA military information construction, the domestic and foreign challenge that they may face, and its impacts on surrounding countries.

The waves of military innovation have changed the principle and concept of traditional military warfare. The command of the space, succeeding the power of the land in the early days, the Sea superiority in the 18th century, the command of land in the 19th century, the Air superiority and the Information dominance in the 20th century has become a totally new concept of military command. The space warfare, for the purpose of controlling the space, finally comes on the stage. Under the influence of the competitors between the U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. in the field of military prowess, China started its development of space technology in 1956. After 50 years passed, Chain has become a nation of potential space warfare. Its prowess in space warfare is found on its advanced and firmly established space science and technology. Following the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R. China has build up its space army which aims at seizing the dominion of the future space warfare. Evidently, every great nation, for the purposes of gaining supreme authority in the warfare in this century, has fully engaged in building up its prowess in the command of the space. This essay aims at study China¡¦s development in space warfare which is founded on the concept of the scramble for the command of the space. Such studies help to understand China¡¦s recognition of space warfare, its development of space army, its research and development in space science and technology, its present structure and equipment for space warfare and its ambitions and directions in the future space warfare . The study of this essay, which are based on several perspectives, will help to provide a referential background for the observation of the future development of space warfare of China.

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Abstract A matter of fact that modern Revolution Military Affairs (RMA) results from the rapid development of ability of computer calculation and new development of information revolution, navigation satellite systems, network for command, control, communication, computer, intelligence, sensor, reconnaissance (C4ISR), Precision-guided munition with basis of information technology society. It also means that those developments as mentioned above will be one of the most important key points for controlling the advantage of information technology society to get the victory in the battlefield in next century. Moreover, it is also the key point for ARMY to develop military forces. When accurate guiding weapons develop, amounts of computer-controlling and electronic systems are instead of manpower, it means that Total War, like Consumptive War and Continuative War are abdicated, and C4ISR will become the main fighting concept in the future. This is a kind of fighting style to take ¡§Benumbing War¡¨ as the fighting principle, and take ¡§Home-thrust Strike¡¨ and ¡§Simultaneous Strike¡¨ to execute the so-called ¡§Surgical Strike¡¨ to benumb the enemies rapidly and correctly and make them lose their ability and opportunity to fight back, finally the volition of the enemies will be demoralized to lose the wars soon. RMA not only subverts the fighting principles set from 17th and 18th century, but also makes sure the unshakable position for modern RMA indirectly. Moreover, it will lead the military discourses and profound influences in the next ten to twenty years. The findings from the research are as followed: 1. The definition for traditional battlefield is changed. 2. There is no difference between the usual time and the war time. 3. Information technology fighters control the battlefields. 4. To centralize and strike the fighting center of the enemies. 5. To cut down the command hierarchies for armed forces. Members of ARMY should give up egoism and think about partnership among related organizations with unselfishness again while being in such a rapidly aggressive period. Keywords: Revolution Military Affairs (RMA), ARMY, Total War, Battle doctrine

Many scholars of the First World War have examined the European armies in new ways that have shown not only how those armies actually fought along the Western Front, but how they changed their ideas and methods over time, and why they fought the way they did. This dissertation does the same for the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). It examines how four AEF divisions (the 1st, 2nd, 26th, and 77th) planned and conducted their battles, what they learned about modern combat in those battles, and how they adapted their doctrine, tactics, and other operational methods during the war. Although this dissertation describes AEF training and operations, its focus is on ideas and methods, and the changes in both during the war. It shows that when the United States joined the war in 1917, the U.S. Army was doctrinally unprepared for the industrial combat of the Western Front. It demonstrates that General John J. Pershing and other AEF leaders accepted this inadequate prewar doctrine, with only minor modification, as the official doctrine of the AEF. Many early American attacks suffered from these unrealistic ideas, which retained too much faith in the infantry rifleman on a battlefield dominated by artillery, machine guns, and barbed wire. However, this dissertation also shows that AEF divisions adjusted their doctrine, tactics, and other operational methods, as they fought. Experienced divisions prepared more comprehensive attack plans, employed more flexible infantry formations, and maximized firepower to seize limited objectives. Although some of these adaptations were accepted by senior officers at AEF General Headquarters (GHQ), the American First Army, and the various corps, the lessons seem to have been learned first, and best, by officers and men within the combat divisions. Often the extent of these changes reduced the operational relevance of senior officers at GHQ, including Pershing, many of whom failed to make the same doctrinal adjustments. In short, this study exposes the battle of ideas waged within the AEF, between those who adhered to the traditional, human-centered ideas of the prewar army and those who increasingly appreciated the modern, industrial ideas then prevalent in the European armies.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-199). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-199). Also available on the Internet.