The main focus of this thesis is on the aromaticity of the ground state and electronically excited states of π-conjugated molecules and polymers, as well as how aromaticity is connected to their properties. The electronic structures of polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (PBHs) were explored through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the π-component of the electron localization function (ELFπ). The study revealed how the π-electronic structure is influenced by the fusion of double bonds or benzene rings to the PBHs. We also demonstrated that the π-electrons of benzene extend to accommodate as much aromaticity as possible when bond length distorted.   The aromatic chameleon property displayed by fulvenes, isobenzofulvenes, fulvalenes, bis(fulvene)s, and polyfulvenes were investigated using DFT calculations. The tria-, penta-, and heptafulvenes were shown to possess ionization energies and electron affinities which can be tuned extensively by substitution, some of which even outperform TTF and TCNQ, the prototypical electron donor and acceptor, respectively. The singlet-triplet energy gap of pentafulvenes can be tuned extensively by substitution to the point that the triplet state is lower than the singlet state and thus becomes the ground state. The ELFπ of isobenzofulvene shows that the benzene ring in an electronically excited state can be more aromatic than the corresponding ring in the ground state. We have shown that the 6-ring of [5.6.7]quinarene is influenced by a Hückel aromatic resonance structure with 4n+2 π-electrons in the excited quintet state. The bis(fulvene)s which are composed of a donor type heptafulvene and an acceptor type pentafulvene, retain the basic donor-acceptor properties of the two fragments and could function as compact donor-acceptor dyads. A few of the designed polyfulvenes were found to have band gaps below 1 eV at the PBC-B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. Various 2,7-disubstituted fluorenones and dibenzofulvenes were synthesized and their excited state properties were investigated by absorption spectroscopy and time-dependent DFT calculations. It was found that the 1A → 1B transition of ππ* character can be tuned by substitution in the 2,7-positions. The 2,7-bis(N,N-dimethyl) derivatives of fluorenone and dibenzofulvene displayed low energy transitions at 2.18 and 1.61 eV, respectively, in toluene.

Des del seu descobriment, a la molècula C60 se li coneixen una varietat de derivats segons el tipus de funcionalització amb propietats fisicoquímiques específiques de gran interès científic. Una sel·lecció de derivats corresponents a addicions simple o múltiple al C60 s'ha considerat en aquest treball d'investigació. L'estudi a nivell de química computacional de diversos tipus d'addició al C60 s'han portat a terme per tal de poder donar resposta a aspectes que experimentalment no s'entenen o són poc clars.Els sistemes estudiats en referència a l'addició simple al C60 han estat en primer lloc els monoiminoful·lerens, C60NR, (de les dues vies proposades per la seva síntesi, anàlisis cinètic i termodinàmic han ajudat a explicar els mecanismes de formació i justificar l'addició a enllaços tipus [5,6]), i en segon lloc els metanoful·lerens i els hidroful·lerens substituits, C60CHR i C60HR, (raons geomètriques, electròniques, energètiques i magnètiques justifiquen el diferent caràcter àcid ente ambdós derivats tenint en compte una sèrie de substituents R amb diferent caràcter electrònic donor/acceptor). Els fluoroful·lerens, C60Fn, i els epoxid ful·lerens, C60On, (anàlisi sistemàtic dels seus patrons d'addició en base a poder justificar la força que els governa han aportat dades complementàries a les poques que existeixen experimentalment al respecte). / Since the discovery of C60 molecule a large number of derivatives molecules have been described with a great scientific interest of their specific physical and chemical properties. A selection of single and multiple addition products has been considered in this investigation. Study at Computational Chemistry level for this selected derivatives have been carried out in order to give answer to several points that experimentally are not understandable or not enough clear.As single addition derivatives, firstly were studied the monoiminofullerenes, C60NR, (two routes of synthesis have been considered, kinetic and thermodynamic analysis have help to explain formation mechanisms and justify the possible addition at [5,6]-type bonds), and secondly the methanofullerenes and the substituted hydrofullerenes, C60CHR and C60HR, (geometric, electronic, energetic and magnetic reasons justify the different acid character between both series of derivatives taking care on the influence of R substituents with different donor/acceptor character). The fluorofullerenes, C60Fn, and the epoxide fullerenes, C60On, have been studied as multiple addition derivatives (systematic analysis of the addition pattern have been performed in the way to find reasons to justify the driving force of the multiple addition process).

No description available.

Depuis plusieurs décennies, la chimie du palladium a connu un véritable essor. Afin de de continuer dans cette optique, plusieurs axes de recherche ont été investigués dans le cadre de cette thèse. Grâce aux récents développements de la catalyse duale palladium/norbornène, la réaction de couplage entre des triflates aryliques et des partenaires bromobenzylamines nous a permis d’accéder à des motifs benzophénanthridines naturels. En parallèle, une nouvelle famille de complexes triangulaires de palladium a été isolée dans notre groupe. Cette espèce arborant 44 électrons de valence et une charge positive délocalisée sur son cœur tri-métallique, est la première molécule stable qui présente un caractère métallo-aromatique de type δ. Après l’optimisation d’une nouvelle voie de synthèse, nous avons pu accéder à des analogues de platine mais aussi à des composés hétéro-métalliques possédant des unités asymétriques similaires. Le caractère base de Lewis de ces complexes ont permis l’isolation de composés tétraédriques de type [M”(M₃)(Ln)]²⁺ malgré la répulsion des charges positives. Ces espèces triangulaires aromatiques ont aussi prouvé leur habileté en tant que catalyseur pour la réaction de semi-hydrogénation d’alcynes. En effet, ce complexe transforme chimiosélectivement les alcynes en alcènes de configuration Z sans présence de produit doublement réduit. / Recent developments on dual palladium/norbornene catalytic reactions led to one-pot synthesis of complexes polyheterocyclic molecules. By extension of this reaction, the coupling of aryl triflates and bromobenzylamines permitted us to synthesize natural benzophenanthridine. In parallel, a new family of triangular palladium complexes has been isolated in our research group. These 44 valence electrons complexes possessing a positive charge delocalized on the trimetallic core were the first stable compounds which presented δ-type aromaticity. After optimization of a new synthetic route, we could be able to isolate platinum analogues and also heterometallic clusters which interestingly had the same asymmetric unit than their homonuclear peers. Despite the unavoidable charge repulsion, the Lewis basic character revealed to be strong enough to bind other cationic species. Indeed, we reached to synthesize tetrahedral [M”(M₃)(Ln)]²⁺ complexes. In another side, we wondered if the stability and special properties of [Pd₃]⁺ clusters could confer to it some catalytic activities. Our studies were focused on semi-reduction reactions of alkynes. After optimization process, the catalyst [Pd₃(SMe)₃{P(C₇H)₃)₃}]⁺ showed results beyond our greatest expectations. Indeed, this cluster selectively produced thermodynamically less stable Z-alkene without traces of over-reduced compound. Total chemioselectivity towards alkynes was proved by the reaction on several molecules bearing functional groups which are sensitive to hydrogenation conditions.

Transition-metal-centered monocyclic boron wheels are important candidates in the family of planar hypercoordinate species that show intriguing structure, stability and bonding situation. Through the detailed potential energy surface explorations of MB9 − (M Fe, Ru, Os) clusters, we introduce herein OsB9 − to be a new member in the transition-metalcentered borometallic molecular wheel gallery. Previously, FeB9 − and RuB9 − clusters were detected by photoelectron spectroscopy and the structures were reported to have singlet D9h symmetry. Our present results show that the global minimum for FeB9 − has a molecular wheel-like structure in triplet spin state with Cs symmetry, whereas its heavier homologues are singlet molecular wheels with D9h symmetry. Chemical bonding analyses show that RuB9 − and OsB9 − display a similar type of electronic structure, where the dual σ + π aromaticity, originated from three delocalized σ bonds and three delocalized π bonds, accounts for highly stable borometallic molecular wheels.

This thesis presents a combined experimental and computational evaluation of the physical-organic properties of butadiyne-linked porphyrin oligomers. The principal result from the thesis is the synthesis and characterisation of the largest aromatic and antiaromatic systems to date, in the form of an oxidised [6]-porphyrin nanoring, with diameter 2.4 nm. This large electronically coherent system provides insight into the connection between aromatic ring currents and persistent currents in metal and semiconductor mesoscopic rings. Chapter 1 briefly reviews the concepts used in the remainder of the thesis, with a particular focus on aromaticity. In Chapter 2, the barrier to inter-porphyrin torsional rotation in a butadiyne-linked porphyrin dimer is determined computationally and experimentally to be 3 kJ mol^-1. The barrier height is closely related to the resonance delocalisation energy between the porphyrin subunits. In Chapter 3 we show that by oxidising a butadiyne-linked [6]-porphyrin nanoring to its 4+ and 6+ oxidation states, the nanoring becomes antiaromatic and aromatic respectively. In contrast, the neutral oxidation state exhibits only local aromaticity for the six porphyrin units. The 12+ cation can also be generated, and exhibits local antiaromaticity for each porphyrin unit. The characterisation of (anti)aromaticity employs NMR and computational techniques. In Chapter 4, the properties of cation radicals of linear and cyclic porphyrin oligomers are explored. Cations generated by spectroelectrochemistry are measured by optical spectroscopies, and chemically generated radical monocations are examined by cw/pulsed EPR spectroscopies. EPR and optical spectroscopies agree that the dimer monocation radical is fully delocalised, in Robin-Day Class III, whereas the monocations of longer oligomers are localised over 2-3 porphyrin units (Class II). In Chapter 5, photophysical and computational investigations into excited state aromaticity in porphyrin nanorings are presented. The computational results suggest the presence of aromaticity in the triplet excited states, but experiment fails to convincingly demonstrate the effect. Computational results in Chapter 6 show that a butadiyne linked [6]-porphyrin nanoring in which one butadiyne (C≡C-C≡C) is truncated to an alkyne (C≡C) exhibits a reversal of aromaticity and antiaromaticity in its oxidised states, compared to the all-butadiyne linked nanoring, consistent with Hückel's law.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude approfondie de formes exotiques de matériaux nano-structurés qui pourraient conduire à une avancée significative dans les nano-composants. Deux thèmes distincts ont été ainsi abordés. Le premier concerne les nano-clusters aromatiques de silicium synthétisés par plasma (SiNCs), tandis que le second est dédié aux structures silicium et germanium bi-dimensionnelles. Grâce à des simulations de type dynamique moléculaire et des calculs ab initio, ainsi que sur des recherches expérimentales, nous nous proposons d’explorer les propriétés intrigantes, mais à fort potentiel, de ces matériaux exotiques.Dans la première partie, nous commençons par des études théoriques et montrons qu'il est possible d'obtenir un comportement aromatique pour des SiNCs hydrogénés ayant une taille de ~1nm. Nous démontrons que les plasmas silane/hydrogène à basse température, proches de la formation de particules de poussière, présentent l'environnement idéal pour exploiter la tendance naturelle du silicium à la sur-coordination et donc pour la synthèse de structures à liaisons déficitaires en électrons. Ces nano-clusters qui se forment spontanément par auto-assemblage dans le plasma, ne possèdent pas de structure tétraédrique, sont plus stables que tous les autres SiNCs connus de cette taille et ont de fortes propriétés aromatiques dues à leur forte délocalisation électronique. Nous montrons également que les SiNCs non tétraédriques, présentent des modes de liaison à caractère métallique qui ressemblent fortement à celui d'un gaz d'électrons homogène dans des nano-clusters de métaux. Les SiNCs tétraédriques standards de cette taille ne peuvent absorber que dans l'ultraviolet, alors que nos calculs ont montré que des SiNCs purs, mais sur-coordonnés, absorbent dans la région spectrale ultraviolette, mais aussi dans le visible et l’infrarouge. Nous présentons ensuite une première preuve expérimentale pour nos prédictions théoriques. Nous avons mesuré in situ, dans un réacteur plasma l'absorption de la lumière visible des SiNCs. De plus, nos mesures réalisées en présence d'un champ électrique ont prouvées clairement que les SiNCs aromatiques possèdent un moment dipolaire permanent, que nous avons estimé entre 2 et 2,5 Debye, en excellent accord avec les calculs ab initio. Enfin, nos images de microscopie électronique à transmission des SiNCs, déposés dans des conditions de plasma optimisées, ont révélé la présence d'une autre forme exotique de silicium à structure hexagonale. Une telle structure se forme habituellement à des pressions extrêmement élevées appliquées sur des structures cubiques (diamant) de silicium. Nous souhaitons affirmer que c’est grâce à la «chimie au marteau» que ces conditions ont été atteintes.Dans la seconde partie, nous avons entrepris des études théoriques et expérimentales approfondies sur la croissance d'une nouvelle forme allotropique de silicium et de germanium: le silicène et le germanène, à savoir, une mono-couche d'atomes intégrée dans un réseau hexagonal qui ressemble fortement au graphène. Afin d'exclure tout mélange entre les atomes de silicium ou de germanium avec le substrat et de conserver leurs caractéristiques prometteuses comme de nouveaux matériaux de Dirac, nous avons effectué nos dépôts, sur un substrat de graphite chimiquement inerte. Une de nos découvertes cruciales est que les mono-couches de silicène ou de germanène interagissent avec le substrat de graphite uniquement via des forces de van der Waals. Cette interaction est suffisamment forte pour stabiliser les mono-couches, déposées même au-dessus de la température ambiante, mais suffisamment faible pour empêcher toute hybridation ou alliage entre le silicium ou le germanium et les atomes de carbone du substrat. Par conséquent, les propriétés électroniques exceptionnelles du silicène et du germanène, tels que les cônes de Dirac et les électrons sans masse, sont préservées même après leur dépôt sur les surfaces de graphite. / This thesis is devoted to the study of advanced, exotic forms of nanostructured materials that could lead to the next big advance for nanodevices. Two distinct topics have been considered. The first one is related to plasma-born aromatic silicon nanoclusters (SiNCs), while the second is dedicated to two-dimensional silicon and germanium materials. Based on molecular dynamics simulations and ab initio calculations, as well as, on experimental investigations, we explore a variety of intriguing properties of those exotic materials that are expected to be far superior to those of their conventional counterparts.In the first part of the thesis, we begin with theoretical studies and show that it is possible to obtain aromatic behavior in simple hydrogenated SiNCs with size of ~1nm. We demonstrate that low-temperature silane/hydrogen plasmas close to dust formation present the ideal environment to exploit the natural tendency of silicon to over-coordination for the construction of structures with electron-deficient bonds. Those nanoclusters form spontaneously by self-assembly in plasmas, do not possess tetrahedral structures, are more stable than any other known SiNCs of this size, and have strong aromatic-like properties due to their high electron delocalization. We demonstrate that non-tetrahedral SiNCs exhibit metallic-like bonding schemes that strongly resemble the one of a homogeneous electron gas in small metal clusters. Standard tetrahedral SiNCs of this size can absorb light only in the ultraviolet, while our calculations have shown that pure, but over-coordinated SiNCs absorb light in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectral region. In this thesis, we present first experimental evidence that supports our theoretical predictions. Using incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy, we have measured the absorption of SiNCs, in situ, in a plasma reactor and found that they do absorb light in the visible region. In addition, our absorption measurements in the presence of an applied electric field have provided clear evidence that aromatic SiNCs possess a permanent dipole moment, and we have measured it to be between 2 and 2.5 Debye, in excellent agreement to prior ab initio calculations. Finally, our transmission electron microscopy images of such SiNCs, after their deposition under optimized plasma conditions, have revealed the presence of another exotic form of silicon with a primitive hexagonal structure. Such a structure usually forms after exposing diamond-cubic silicon to extremely high pressures. We tentatively claim that those conditions were, actually, achieved in our experiments due to the “chemistry with a hammer”.In the second part of the thesis, we have undertaken in-depth theoretical and experimental studies on the growth of a new allotropic form of silicon and germanium: a single layer of silicon or germanium atoms, only one atom thick and packed in a hexagonal lattice that closely resembles the lattice of graphene, namely silicene and germanene. In order to rule out any intermixing between silicon or germanium atoms and the underneath substrate atoms, as it was the case for metallic substrates, and to maintain their promising features to be new Dirac materials, we have performed our depositions on a chemically inert graphite substrate. One of our crucial findings is that the silicene or germanene monolayers interact with the graphite substrate via van der Waals forces only. The van der Waals interaction is strong enough to stabilize the deposited monolayers even above room temperature, but weak enough to prevent any hybridization or alloying between silicon or germanium and carbon atoms. Consequently, the outstanding electronic properties of free-standing silicene and germanene, such as Dirac cones and massless electrons, are preserved even after their deposition on graphite surfaces.

No description available.

No description available.

Neste trabalho foram estudados computacionalmente os [2.2]ciclofanos ([2.2]paraciclofano (1), anti-[2.2]metaciclofano (2a), sin-[2.2]metaciclofano (2b) e [2.2]metaparaciclofano (3)), que são os [2n]ciclofanos mais simples, contendo dois anéis fenílicos conectados por duas pontes etilênicas. Os ciclofanos têm apresentado inúmeras aplicações importantes, podendo atuar como auxiliares em sínteses assimétricas e como catalisadores que simulam funções enzimáticas, apresentando seletividade em relação aos substratos. Eles são empregados tanto em químicab supramolecular quanto em áreas biomédicas. Estudos que empregam ressonância de spin eletrônico ou que investigam propriedades ópticas não-lineares dos [2.2]ciclofanos indicam que os mesmos apresentam interações transanulares, que ocorrem através de recobrimento direto entre orbitais pertencentes a anéis diferentes, through-space, ou através de recobrimento entre orbitais dos anéis e das pontes, through-bond. As interações transanulares possuem um papel fundamental na química dos ciclofanos, alterando o comportamento reacional destes compostos e as transições espectroscópicas. Apesar dos métodos de preparação de ciclofanos, desde os mais simples aos mais complexos, serem intensamente investigados, estudos computacionais, que busquem compreender as correlações entre tensão e aromaticidade, estrutura eletrônica e o mecanismo de ocorrência das interações transanulares, são raramente encontrados na literatura. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as interações transanulares, bem como correlacionar as diferenças estruturais, a tensão sobre anéis e pontes, cargas atômicas, aromaticidade e os deslocamentos químicos, não apenas para os isômeros dos [2.2]ciclofanos, mas também seus derivados fluorados (perfluoração de um dos anéis dos [2.2]ciclofanos), bem como avaliar os efeitos de diversos substituintes (CN, Cl, C=O, NH2 e NO2) e da protonação na estrutura eletrônica do isômero [2.2]paraciclofano. As otimizações de geometria de 1, realizadas com diferentes métodos e conjuntos de funções de base, mostraram que os modelos MP2/6-31+G(d,p) e B3PW91/6-31+G(d,p) fornecem os melhores resultados em comparação com os dados de raios-x. Buscas conformacionais mostraram que 2a e 2b são confôrmeros com energias diferentes e que 3 possui dois confôrmeros degenerados. As energias relativas e de tensão das pontes, seguiram a mesma ordem, indicando que a tensão sobre as pontes e a repulsão entre as nuvens ? dos anéis aromáticos são determinantes para a estabilidade dos [2.2]ciclofanos. As reações isodésmicas indicaram que os anéis comportam-se como absorvedores de tensão. NICS e HOMA mostraram que apesar das perdas de planaridade dos anéis a aromaticidade é mantida. O método NBO confirmou que todos os [2.2]ciclofanos apresentam interações through-bond, mas apenas 2a e 2b apresentaram interações through-space significantes. A análise AIM mostrou que as interações transanulares observadas são do tipo camada fechada (iônica ou ligação de hidrogênio) e que estabilizam os [2.2]ciclofanos. Para os derivados fluorados as principais alterações geométricas observadas foram para os diedros das pontes. As reações isodésmicas revelaram que as tensões das pontes e as energias relativas são afetadas pela fluoração. Além disso, os anéis dos isômeros fluorados absorvem mais tensão que os anéis dos isômeros não fluorados. NICS e HOMA mostraram que a substituição por flúor aumenta a aromaticidade dos [2.2]ciclofanos. A análise NBO indicou que a perfluoração aumentou o número e a intensidade das interações through-space, mas as mesmas ficaram restritas principalmente aos derivados fluorados de 2a e 2b. A mesma análise evidenciou que há uma conjugação dos pares de elétrons dos átomos de flúor com o sistema ?. Por outro lado, a análise AIM sugeriu que a substituição não aumenta o número de interações through-space, mas confirmou a conjugação dos pares de elétrons dos átomos de flúor. Os demais substituintes empregados afetam os parâmetros geométricos do [2.2]paraciclofano (1) de maneira diferenciada. A análise particionada das reações isodésmicas mostrou que as tensões nos anéis e nas pontes dependem não apenas do substituinte empregado, mas também da posição da substituição. NICS e HOMA indicaram que a aromaticidade no anel não-substituído dos derivados substituídos é maior que em 1. A análise NBO revelou que a substituição e a protonação aumentam a ocorrência de interações transanulares through-space. O método AIM indicou a presença de interações transanulares apenas para o derivado substituído com NH2 e CN e para a espécie protonada. No entanto, tais interações apresentaram características de interações de camada fechada. com pequenas estabilizações. As cargas atômicas e os deslocamentos químicos confirmaram as mudanças na densidade eletrônica, observadas através do método AIM. / In this work, the [2.2]cyclophanes ([2.2]paracyclophane (1), anti-[2.2]metacyclophane (2a), syn-[2.2]metacyclophane (2b) e [2.2]metaparacyclophane (3)), which are the simplest [2n] cyclophanes that contain two phenyl rings connected by two ethanediyl linkages, were studied computationally. Cyclophanes have presented several important applications, such as auxiliary in asymmetric synthesis, catalysts that simulate enzymatic functions, presenting selectivity in relation to the substrates. They are employed either in supramolecular chemistry or in biomedical areas. Studies that apply electron spin resonance or that investigate the non-linear optical properties of [2.2]cyclophanes, indicate that these compounds present transannular interactions, which occur through direct overlap of orbitals lying in different rings, throughspace, or through overlap between orbitals from rings and bridges, through-bond. The transannular interactions have a fundamental role in cyclophane chemistry, changing the reactional behavior of these compounds, and the spectroscopic transitions. Despite the fact that the well known methods of preparation, from the simplest to the most complex cyclophanes, have been studied intensively, computational studies that intent to comprehend the correlations between tension and aromaticity, electronic structure, and the mechanism of the transannular interactions are rarely found in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this work was not only to study the transannular interactions, correlating the structural differences, tension in rings and bridges, atomic charges, aromaticity, and chemical shifts of the [2.2]cyclophanes isomers but also to extent a similar treatment to the fluorinated derivatives. In addition, the effects of substituents such as (CN, Cl, C=O, NH2, and NO2) and the protonation on the electronic structure of [2.2]paracyclophane were also evaluated. The geometry optimizations of 1, carried out by using different methods and basis set, showed that the models MP2/6-31+G(d,p) and B3PW91/6-31+G(d,p) provide the best results in comparison with the x-ray data. Conformational searches showed that 2a and 2b are the conformers that present the same energy and the isomer 3 has two degenerated conformers. The strain energies of the bridges followed the same tendency as the relative energies, indicating that the tension on the bridges and the repulsions between the ? clouds of the aromatic rings are the key factors that determine the [2.2]cyclophane stabilities. The isodesmic reactions indicated that the rings are absorbents of tension. NICS and HOMA showed that the aromaticity of the rings is preserved despite the changes on the planarity. The NBO method confirmed that all [2.2]cyclophanes present through-bond interactions, but only 2a and 2b exhibit noteworthy through-space interactions. The AIM analysis pointed out that the transannular interactions behave as closed shell interactions (ionic or hydrogen bond), stabilizing the [2.2]cyclophanes. The main geometric changes, observed to the fluorinated derivatives, were those related with the dihedral angle of bridges. The isodesmic reactions pointed out that the tensions of bridges and the relative energies are affected by the fluorination. In addition, the fluorinated rings absorb more tension than the non-fluorinated rings. NICS and HOMA showed that the substitution by fluorine increases the aromaticity of the [2.2]cyclophanes. The NBO analysis indicated that the number of through-space interactions increase with the fluorination, but it is restrict to the derivatives of 2a and 2b. In addition, the same analysis pointed out a conjugation of the fluorine lone pairs with the ? system. On the other hand, the AIM analysis suggested that the substitution do not increase the number of through-space interactions, but confirmed the conjugation of the fluorine lone pairs. The other substituents can affect the geometric parameter of 1 noticeably. The partitioned analysis of isodesmic reactions showed that the tensions in bridges and rings not only depend on the substituents employed but also on the position of substitution. NICS and HOMA pointed out that the aromaticity is bigger in the non-substituted rings of [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives than in 1. The NBO analysis showed that the substitution and protonation increase the number of through-space interactions. AIM method indicated the transannular interactions occur only to the derivate substituted by NH2 and CN, and to the protonated specie. However, these interactions presented features of closed shell interactions with small stabilizations. The atomic charges and the chemical shifts confirmed the changes of the electronic density, observed through the AIM method.