This work is dealing with arrival and settlement of the Czech in Volhynia. It considers to analyse about Czech from czech countries and their arrival to Volhynia, about their settlement in this area. Theories of migrations a theories of ethnicity and identity will be also used. Aim of this work will be specification of reasons about Czech departure and their analysis of their settlement in Volhynia. From this resulted question about changes of socio-economic position in Czech and in Volhynia, which will be investigated with comparation to ukrainian majority. Author will come out from the press, especially from Národní listy, Čechoslovan and Věrná stráž, and so on from archive fonds of Národní archiv in Prague (Svaz Čechů z Volyně, Žatec 1946-1958, Československý ústav zahraniční 1928-1941) and from chronicles writed by volhynian Czechs.

An Origin-Destination (OD) traffic matrix provides a major input to the design, planning and management of a telecommunications network. Since the Internet is being proposed as the principal delivery mechanism for telecommunications traffic at the present time, and this network is not owned or managed by a single entity, there are significant challenges for network planners and managers needing to determine equipment and topology configurations for the various sections of the Internet that are currently the responsibility of ISPs and traditional telcos. Planning of these sub-networks typically requires a traffic matrix of demands that is then used to infer the flows on the administrator's network. Unfortunately, computation of the traffic matrix from measurements of individual flows is extremely difficult due to the fact that the problem formulation generally leads to the need to solve an under-determined system of equations. Thus, there has been a major effort f rom among researchers to obtain the traffic matrix using various inference techniques. The major contribution of this thesis is the development of inference techniques for traffic matrix estimation problem according to three different approaches, viz: (1) deterministic, (2) statistical, and (3) dynamic approaches. Firstly, for the deterministic approach, the traffic matrix estimation problem is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem based on the generalized Kruithof approach which uses the Kullback distance to measure the probabilistic distance between two traffic matrices. In addition, an algorithm using the Affine scaling method is developed to solve the constrained optimization problem. Secondly, for the statistical approach, a series of traffic matrices are obtained by applying a standard deterministic approach. The components of these matrices represent estimates of the volumes of flows being exchanged between all pairs of nodes at the respective measurement points and they form a stochastic counting process. Then, a Markovian Arrival Process of order two (MAP-2) is applied to model the counting processes formed from this series of estimated traffic matrices. Thirdly, for the dynamic approach, the dual problem of the multi-commodity flow problem is formulated to obtain a set of link weights. The new weight set enables flows to be rerouted along new paths, which create new constraints to overcome the under-determined nature of traffic matrix estimation. Since a weight change disturbs a network, the impact of weight changes on the network is investigated by using simulation based on the well-known ns2 simulator package. Finally, we introduce two network applications that make use of the deterministic and the statistical approaches to obtain a traffic matrix respectively and also describe a scenario for the use of the dynamic approach.

For the mass demands of wireless communication services, the mobile location technologies have drawn much attention of the governments, academia, and industries around the world. In wireless communication, one of the main problems with accurate location is nonline of sight (NLoS) propagation. To solve the problem, we present a new location algorithm with clustering technology by utilizing the geometrical feature of cell layout, time of arrival (ToA) range measurements, and three base stations. The mobile location is estimated by solving the optimal solution of the objective function based on the high density cluster. Simulations study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the algorithm for different NLoS error distributions and various upper bound of NLoS error. The results of our experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is significantly more effective in location accuracy than range scaling algorithm, linear lines of position algorithm, and Taylor series algorithm, and also satisfies the location accuracy demand of E-911.

The main purpose of this thesis is to combine modified GML algorithm with 2-D simulated annealing for estimation of signal arrival time in the UWB systems.In a dense multipath environment, the generalized maximum-likelihood (GML) algorithm can be used for the time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation. Nevertheless, the GML algorithm usually takes a long period of time, and sometimes fails to converge. Hence, a modified GML (MGML) algorithm is investigated. Two threshold parameters need to be determined in using the estimation algorithm. One threshold is to decide the arrival time range of estimated path, and the other, an amplitude threshold, is to judge whether the estimated path is true. Generally, the decision rule of thresholds may be based on the minimum error probability, which is defined as the sum of false alarm probability and miss probability. To mitigate the effects from noise and dense multipath interference, and to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm, a method of threshold settings based on the minimum root mean square error (RMSE) criteria is discussed. In this scheme, the RMSE value for each candidate threshold pair in an appropriate region is computed. Constructing an accurate RMSE table and performing a full-scale grid search of adequate threshold settings can be very time-consuming. A 2-D simulated annealing process is adopted for finding the best pair of thresholds for use in the modified GML algorithm. The simulated annealing, different from the gradient descent, can avoid trapping into a local minimum in finding the best threshold pair. The resulting threshold pair makes the modified GML algorithm become more efficient in estimating the signal arrival time with an automatic search manner. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve better performance than the grid search approaches in UWB environments.

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States, as well as Georgia. In 2003, 23,164 Georgians suffered a stroke and of those 4,285 died. The FDA has currently approved a therapy that must be given within a three hour window. Less than 2% of stroke patients receive this therapy, oftentimes because of delay of hospital arrival. The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in rural and urban Georgia in patients’ times from stroke symptom onset to hospital arrival. Data from hospitals that area a part of the Georgia Coverdell Stroke Registry from 2005-2007 were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis found that arriving to a rural hospital, being of white race, and having an age of over 60 were associated with greater odds of arriving to the hospital within two hours. Arriving at the hospital by EMS transfer from another hospital, arriving by other means (patient arrived in a personal car or was brought by someone) and having undocumented arrival mode were all associated with a greater odds of arriving much later to the hospital. The multivariate logistic regression had similar findings, although having an age of over 60 years was no longer significantly associated with arrival within 120 minutes. Findings show the need for increased educational efforts around signs and symptoms of stroke, and calling 9-1-1 should be a part of all educational campaigns. Recommendations for improved data collection and additional research are made.

This thesis proposes two acoustic localisation techniques that are accurate in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) conditions and system implementation of the proposed techniques. Such conditions can cause positive bias errors, namely NLoS errors, in the measured Time-of-Arrivals (ToAs) of first-arrival signals received by microphones and thus reduce the positioning accuracy. The primary issue of the thesis is to precisely estimate and correct the NLoS errors by modelling the received first-arrival signals. The first proposed technique uses multiple on-ground microphones to locate a sound source. The proposed technique approximately estimates and corrects the NLoS errors based on an initial guess of the sound source position and a map. The localisation is then achieved by iteratively correcting the ToAs and updating the sound source location. The strength of the proposed technique is that its accuracy is not notably affected by small or known obstacles. The proposed technique is implemented into two localisation systems of controlled and uncontrolled sound sources. The performance of the proposed technique is investigated by its comparison with three other time-based localisation techniques in series of experiments and simulations, showing at least 10% improvement by the proposed technique under various background noise levels. The second proposed technique localises a sound source using a single on-ground microphone subject to an assumption of a single diffraction in the first-arrival signal. To predict the angular and radial coordinates of the sound source relative to the diffraction point, a new magnitude delay frequency profile is proposed. The profile can be estimated by applying the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction and be extracted from measured signals using a derived formulation. Similar to the first technique, the second proposed technique estimates the measured delay of the first-arrival signal for computing the radial coordinate. The angular coordinate is then obtained by matching the estimated and measured profiles at the measured delay. A key achievement of the second proposed technique is enabling NLoS localisation using only one microphone without any time-consuming pre-measurement. This technique is implemented into a localisation system of a controlled sound source and validated experimentally with three different sound sources and under two background noise levels.

xii, 98 p. : ill. (some col.) / The upper-crustal seismic-velocity structure of Newberry volcano, central Oregon, is imaged using P-wave travel time tomography. The inversion combines a densely-spaced seismic line collected in 2008 with two USGS seismic experiments from the 1980s. A high-velocity ring (7 km EW by 5 km NS) beneath the inner caldera faults suggests an intrusive ring complex 200 to 500 m thick. Within this ring shallow low velocities (<2 km depth) are interpreted as caldera fill and a subsided block. High velocities below 2 km depth could be intrusive complexes. There appears to be a low-velocity body at 3-6 km depth beneath the center of the volcano. This region is poorly resolved in the inversion because the ray paths bend around the low-velocity body. The 2008 data also recorded a secondary arrival that may be a delayed P-wave interacting with the low-velocity body. / Committee in charge: Emilie E.E. Hooft, Chairperson; Douglas R. Toomey, Member; Katharine V. Cashman, Member

The growing traffic and global bandwidth shortage for broadband cellular communi-cation networks has motivated to explore the underutilized millimeter wave frequencyspectrum for future communications. Fifth generation (5G) is the key to empow-ering new services and use cases for people, businesses, and society at large. Withunprecedented speed and flexibility, 5G carries more data with greater reliability andresponsiveness than ever before. As 5G new radio (NR) begins to take full advantageof the high-band spectrum, i.e, the millimeter wave frequencies, new challenges arecreated. While millimeter waves offer broader bandwidth and high spatial resolution,the drawback is that the millimeter waves experience higher attenuation due to pathloss and are more prone to absorption, interference and weather conditions, thereforelimiting cell coverage.This thesis is an attempt to increase the 5G cell coverage by implementing ananalogue beamforming router in a cell. Beamforming router acts like a relay, whichextends the range of the 5G cell whenever needed, according to the position of theUser Equipment (UE) based on the information received from the gNodeB (gNB,logical 5G radio node). This thesis is investigating the downlink Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) gain and thus possible increase in the data rate. Simulation and validation ofthe overall performance is done using MATLAB. The outcome of this study may beused to increase the 5G cell coverage if it is implemented in a real.

The thesis seeks to improve the accuracy of indoor wireless local area network (WLAN) location detection. The main task of the project is the design and analysis of a solution, which utilizes the packets which are already emitted by WLAN devices. The system consists of a signal receiver and signal processing. The positioning system does not transmit, thus the detection is completely passive. The result of measurements on received frames is used to calculate the WLAN transmitter's position. It does not require any transmissions, thus the detection is completely passive. The result of the measurements can be used to calculate the WLAN transmitter’s position. Location systems are more and more viewed as a necessary element of a WLAN system. Positioning accuracy is the most important issue in location system, especial in the indoor WLAN location detection. Indoor location systems are affected by indoor environment both due to multi-path and man-made effects. To resist these problems, we introduce a way to detect the arrival of the first instance of the signal by detecting the signal header. In our experiment, we timestamp the arrival of an IEEE 802.11b header. In our prototype the logic necessary to do this is implemented in an FPGA, specifically that of the Ettus Research USRP. The additional logic is quite small and might easily be added to the receiver in an access point, thus reducing the deployment cost of a location system in a real network. The proposed solution was experimentally verified. From our experiments, the detection works without requiring any changes to the hardware or software of the mobile device. By exploiting existing IEEE 802.11b transmissions the cost and difficulty of deployment is simplified due to the wide usage of IEEE 802.11b in mobile devices. Additionally, the preamble has good correlation properties making it is easy to detect the arrival of a IEEE 802.11frame. Our implementation is based upon open source hardware and software making it possible to implement this solution. A relatively low cost FPGA can be used as the correlation and timestamp circuit is rather simple (in terms of numbers of gates), making this solution feasible for commercial implementation. The method, implementation, testing, and analysis are presented in detail in the thesis. / Avhandlingen syftar till att förbättra noggrannheten i inomhus trådlösa lokala nätverk (WLAN) placering upptäckt. Huvuduppgiften för projektet är design och analys av en lösning som utnyttjar paketen som redan avges av WLAN-enheter. Systemet består av en signal mottagare och signalbehandling. Det kräver inga transmissioner, alltså upptäckt är helt passiv. Resultatet av mätningarna kan användas för att beräkna WLAN-sändarens läge. Målet är att förbättra noggrannheten i inomhus plats uppskattning. Läge system alltmer ses som en nödvändig del av WLAN system. Positioneringsnoggrannheten ses som den viktigaste frågan i läge system, speciellt för inomhusbruk WLAN baserade location. Läge system påverkas mer av inomhusmiljöer än utemiljön, eftersom det finns mer multi-path fading och konstgjorda effekter. Att minska dessa problem, vi införa ett sätt att känna av signalen ankomst genom att förbättra upptäckten av ankomsten av IEEE 802.11-huvudet. Detta kan bidra till att besegra multipath effekt och enkla metoden skulle kunna minska kostnaderna för placering i framtiden kopplingspunkter. Den föreslagna lösningen har verifierats experimentellt. Från vårt experiment fungerar upptäckt utan att kräva några ändringar i hårdvara eller mjukvara för den mobila enheten. Genom att utnyttja befintliga IEEE 802.11b sändningar kostnaden och svårigheten att utbyggnaden är förenklad på grund av den breda användningen av IEEE 802.11b i mobila enheter. Dessutom "preamble" har god korrelation egenskaper som gör det lätt att upptäcka ankomsten av en IEEE 802.11-ramen. Vår genomfört bygger på öppen källkod maskin-och programvara som gör det möjligt att genomföra denna lösning. En relativt låg kostnad FPGA kan användas som korrelation och tidstämpel kretsen är ganska enkel (i termer av antalet logikelement), vilket gör denna lösning vara möjlig för kommersiell tillämpning. Metoden, implementation, testning och analys presenteras i detalj i avhandlingen.

This study belongs to one of the categories of hermeneutical issues - the New Testament use of the Old Testament. The writer assumes that Luke uses Malachi’s motifs, especially “Malachi’s eschatological figures’ arrival” motif in Malachi 3 and 4. Malachi’s eschatological figures are the messenger of the Lord (Mal. 3:1)/Elijah (Mal. 4:5-6). Ha Adon is the messenger of the covenant (Mal. 3:1). The writer identifies Ha Adon with the messenger of the covenant. Ha Adon is the “One who comes in the name of the Lord” in Luke. The writer attempts to prove that Luke was greatly influenced by “Malachi’s eschatological arrival” motif. According to the writer’s view, the literary and thematic structure of the Gospel of Luke reflects Malachi’s motif: temple emphasis, the infancy narratives including John’s and Jesus’ births, and the beginnings of John’s and Jesus’ ministries. John’s preaching is reminiscent of Malachi’s oracle. The Lord’s messenger and Ha Adon/the messenger of the Lord are identified as John the Baptist and Jesus respectively, and their missions are fulfilled in Luke. John the Baptist is seen as Malachi’s eschatological Elijah in Luke. The prophecy of Ha Adon’s sudden coming to His temple is fulfilled in Jesus’ three visits to the temple in Luke. The Travel Narrative in Luke echoes “the Way of the Lord” idea in Malachi; “the Way of the Lord” motif has thematically a long history in the Old Testament. “The Way of the Lord” concept in Exodus and Isaiah is reused in Malachi, and is theologically expanded in its meaning in Luke. This study shows that Luke alludes to or reflects Malachi’s themes in addition to “Malachi’s eschatological figures’ arrival” motif. The Gospel of Luke can be seen in the perspective of “the Way of the Lord” motif: the preparation of the Lord’s Way (1:1- 4:13); the presentation of the Lord’s Way (4:14-19:46), and the perfection of the Lord’s Way (19:47-24:53). There are simple allusions to Malachi, and thematic and literary parallels between Malachi and Luke: for example--“the Day of the Lord” theme and “the sending of messengers” motif. “Malachi’s eschatological figures’ arrival” motif is clearly shown in Luke. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / New Testament Studies / unrestricted