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No description available.

Computed tomography (CT) arthrography of the shoulder is an imaging modality of great diagnostic accuracy with regard to glenohumeral instability and in particular labral lesions. Interpretation of the scans is made difficult by the frequent occurrence of normal anatomic variants and the complexity of injuries to the bone and soft tissues. We selected a continuous sample of 50 CT arthrograms of the shoulder and they were reported by two consultant musculoskeletal radiologists. The results were collated and analysed for the level of agreement. Hill¿Sachs showed Kappa (K) statistic to be 0.37 (fair agreement), soft tissue Bankart 0.32 (fair agreement), bony Bankart 0.61 (substantial agreement), anterior capsular laxity 0.41 (moderate agreement) and glenohumeral osteoarthritis 0.20 (slight agreement). All the results were significant with a p value of <0.05. Nine (18%) of the 50 scans were in complete agreement. The results demonstrate that there can be considerable interobserver variation (IOV) in the reports of a CT arthrogram of a shoulder. They highlight the potential difficulties in reporting such images and suggests ways in which the report could be more focussed to provide a clinically reliable report and one which matches the surgical findings accurately.

El propósito de nuestro estudio es optimizar la artrografía de hombro por vía anterior.78 pacientes fueron divididos de forma aleatorizada en grupos de 26 dependiendo del punto de inyección. Se registró el tiempo de radiólogo, la exposición a la radiación y la intensidad de dolor mediante la escala visual analógica (VAS) entre otras variables. Los grupos se compararon usando el análisis de varianza y el método de la mínima diferencia significativa.La exposición a la radiación, el tiempo de radiólogo y el dolor registrado en la escala VAS fue inferior cuando la inyección se realizó en el tercio superomedial, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre este punto y los otros dos (p<0,005).El punto óptimo para la inyección en la artrografía de hombro por vía anterior es el tercio superomedial, siendo un procedimiento sencillo, rápido y bien tolerado por los pacientes, así como con menor dosis de radiación. / The purpose of our study was to optimize anterior MR shoulder arthrography by comparing three injection sites.Seventy-eight patients were divided into three groups of 26 each, according to the injection site selected. Radiologist time and exposure time were recorded, and the intensity of the patient's pain was measured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Groups were compared using variance analysis and the least significant difference method.Shoulder arthrography was considered satisfactory for all three injection sites. Exposure and radiologist times and mean pain intensity registered by the VAS were lower when the injection was in the upper third; differences between the upper third and the other two areas were statistically significant (p < 0.005).The optimal injection site for anterior MR arthrography of the shoulder is the upper third of the humeral head, a simple, rapid procedure that is well tolerated by patients and reduces the radiation dose administered.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lunds Universitet, 1994. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lunds Universitet, 1994. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Umeå University, Sweden, 1993. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

This paper presents an intraoperative MRI-guided, patient-mounted robotic system for shoulder arthrography procedures in pediatric patients. The robot is designed to be compact and lightweight and is constructed with nonmagnetic materials for MRI safety. Our goal is to transform the current two-step arthrography procedure (CT/x-ray-guided needle insertion followed by diagnostic MRI) into a streamlined single-step ionizing radiation-free procedure under MRI guidance. The MR-conditional robot was evaluated in a Thiel embalmed cadaver study and healthy volunteer studies. The robot was attached to the shoulder using straps and ten locations in the shoulder joint space were selected as targets. For the first target, contrast agent (saline) was injected to complete the clinical workflow. After each targeting attempt, a confirmation scan was acquired to analyze the needle placement accuracy. During the volunteer studies, a more comfortable and ergonomic shoulder brace was used, and the complete clinical workflow was followed to measure the total procedure time. In the cadaver study, the needle was successfully placed in the shoulder joint space in all the targeting attempts with translational and rotational accuracy of 2.07 ± 1.22mm and 1.46 ± 1.06 degrees, respectively. The total time for the entire procedure was 94 min and the average time for each targeting attempt was 20 min in the cadaver study, while the average time for the entire workflow for the volunteer studies was 36 min. No image quality degradation due to the presence of the robot was detected. This Thiel-embalmed cadaver study along with the clinical workflow studies on human volunteers demonstrated the feasibility of using an MR-conditional, patient-mounted robotic system for MRI-guided shoulder arthrography procedure. Future work will be focused on moving the technology to clinical practice.

Introdução: O ombro possui a maior amplitude de movimento entre as articulações do corpo humano e essa característica contribui para que seja a articulação mais frequentemente luxada. Os ligamentos glenoumerais participam da estabilização passiva do ombro. A banda anterior do ligamento glenoumeral inferior (BA-LGUI) impede a translação anterior e inferior do úmero na glenoide durante a abdução em 90° e rotação externa. A BA-LGUI fixa-se à glenoide através de dois mecanismos: diretamente ao lábio da glenoide e ao longo do colo, incorporando-se ao periósteo. Foram descritas duas variações distintas de origem. O tipo I com origem principalmente do lábio e o tipo II com origem predominante na borda e colo da glenoide. Objetivo: Avaliar variações anatômicas da origem da banda anterior do ligamento glenoumeral inferior na glenoide. Materiais e métodos: Avaliação retrospectiva de 93 exames consecutivos de artrorressonância magnética de ombro. Foram realizadas duas leituras independentes e às cegas por dois radiologistas para calcular a concordância interobservador. Um consenso dos dois radiologistas foi utilizado para a parte descritiva deste estudo. O padrão de fixação labioperiosteal da BA-LGUI, distinguindo entre dois tipos, origem labral ou periosteal, e sua posição na borda anterior da glenoide foram registrados. Também foram registradas as alterações da fibrocartilagem do lábio anterior da glenoide, incluindo degeneração e avulsão. Resultados: Em 50 exames (54%), a BA-LGUI originou-se principalmente do lábio (tipo I) e em 43 exames (46%) foi observada uma variação tipo II, mostrando sua origem diretamente do colo da glenoide. A BA-LGUI emergiu na posição de 4 horas em 58 casos (62%). Em 14 deles (15%), na posição de 3 horas e em 21 casos (23%), na posição de 5 horas. Avulsão do lábio anterior foi identificada em 55 pacientes (59%) e degeneração sem avulsão foi vista em 23 casos (25%). A concordância inter e intraobservador para a classificação das variações anatômicas da origem labioperiosteal do LGUI foi excelente. Conclusões. Embora seja mais comum a BA-LGUI se originar do lábio anteroinferior, encontramos uma alta prevalência da BA-LGUI principalmente no periósteo do colo da glenoide. A BA-LGUI originou-se entre as posições de 3 e 5 horas, mais frequentemente às 4 horas. / Introduction: The shoulder has the greatest range of motion between the joints of the human body and this feature contributes to be the most frequently dislocates joint. The glenohumeral ligaments take part in the shoulder passive stabilization. The anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (AB-IGHL) prevents the anterior and inferior translation of the humerus in the glenoid during abduction and external rotation at 90°. The AB-IGHL attaches to the glenoid through two mechanisms: directly to the glenoid labrum and along the neck, merging with the periosteum. Two different attachment variations have been described. A type I with its origin mostly from the labrum and a type II, emerging from the edge and the glenoid neck. Purpose: To evaluate the anatomic variations of the insertion of the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament to the glenoid. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of 93 consecutives shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography exams. Two independent and blind readings were performed by two radiologists to measure interobserver agreement. A consensus by the two radiologists was used for the description of this study. The AB-IGHL labral-periosteal attachment pattern, distinguishing between two types, labral or periosteal attachment, and its position on the anterior rim of the glenoid were recorded. Abnormalities of the anterior labrum fibrocartilage of the glenoid were recorded, including degeneration and avulsion. Results: On 50 exams (54%) the AB-IGHL originated mostly from the labrum (type I) and on 43 exams (46%) a type II variation was observed, meaning that its origin attached directly to the glenoid neck. The AB-IGHL emerged at the 4 oclock position on 58 cases (62%). Fourteen of them (15%) from the 3 oclock position and on 21 cases (23%) from the 5 oclock position. Anterior labrum avulsion was identified on 55 patients (59%) and degeneration without avulsion was seen in 23 cases (25%). The inter- and intraobserver agreement for the classification of the anatomic variations of labral periosteal attachment of IGHL was excellent. Conclusions: Although the AB-IGHL originating from the anteroinferior labrum is more frequent, we found a high prevalence of the AB-IGHL emerging from the periosteum of the glenoid neck. The AB-IGHL originated between 3 and 5o clock position, more frequently at 4 oclock.

Introdução: O ombro possui a maior amplitude de movimento entre as articulações do corpo humano e essa característica contribui para que seja a articulação mais frequentemente luxada. Os ligamentos glenoumerais participam da estabilização passiva do ombro. A banda anterior do ligamento glenoumeral inferior (BA-LGUI) impede a translação anterior e inferior do úmero na glenoide durante a abdução em 90° e rotação externa. A BA-LGUI fixa-se à glenoide através de dois mecanismos: diretamente ao lábio da glenoide e ao longo do colo, incorporando-se ao periósteo. Foram descritas duas variações distintas de origem. O tipo I com origem principalmente do lábio e o tipo II com origem predominante na borda e colo da glenoide. Objetivo: Avaliar variações anatômicas da origem da banda anterior do ligamento glenoumeral inferior na glenoide. Materiais e métodos: Avaliação retrospectiva de 93 exames consecutivos de artrorressonância magnética de ombro. Foram realizadas duas leituras independentes e às cegas por dois radiologistas para calcular a concordância interobservador. Um consenso dos dois radiologistas foi utilizado para a parte descritiva deste estudo. O padrão de fixação labioperiosteal da BA-LGUI, distinguindo entre dois tipos, origem labral ou periosteal, e sua posição na borda anterior da glenoide foram registrados. Também foram registradas as alterações da fibrocartilagem do lábio anterior da glenoide, incluindo degeneração e avulsão. Resultados: Em 50 exames (54%), a BA-LGUI originou-se principalmente do lábio (tipo I) e em 43 exames (46%) foi observada uma variação tipo II, mostrando sua origem diretamente do colo da glenoide. A BA-LGUI emergiu na posição de 4 horas em 58 casos (62%). Em 14 deles (15%), na posição de 3 horas e em 21 casos (23%), na posição de 5 horas. Avulsão do lábio anterior foi identificada em 55 pacientes (59%) e degeneração sem avulsão foi vista em 23 casos (25%). A concordância inter e intraobservador para a classificação das variações anatômicas da origem labioperiosteal do LGUI foi excelente. Conclusões. Embora seja mais comum a BA-LGUI se originar do lábio anteroinferior, encontramos uma alta prevalência da BA-LGUI principalmente no periósteo do colo da glenoide. A BA-LGUI originou-se entre as posições de 3 e 5 horas, mais frequentemente às 4 horas. / Introduction: The shoulder has the greatest range of motion between the joints of the human body and this feature contributes to be the most frequently dislocates joint. The glenohumeral ligaments take part in the shoulder passive stabilization. The anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (AB-IGHL) prevents the anterior and inferior translation of the humerus in the glenoid during abduction and external rotation at 90°. The AB-IGHL attaches to the glenoid through two mechanisms: directly to the glenoid labrum and along the neck, merging with the periosteum. Two different attachment variations have been described. A type I with its origin mostly from the labrum and a type II, emerging from the edge and the glenoid neck. Purpose: To evaluate the anatomic variations of the insertion of the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament to the glenoid. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of 93 consecutives shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography exams. Two independent and blind readings were performed by two radiologists to measure interobserver agreement. A consensus by the two radiologists was used for the description of this study. The AB-IGHL labral-periosteal attachment pattern, distinguishing between two types, labral or periosteal attachment, and its position on the anterior rim of the glenoid were recorded. Abnormalities of the anterior labrum fibrocartilage of the glenoid were recorded, including degeneration and avulsion. Results: On 50 exams (54%) the AB-IGHL originated mostly from the labrum (type I) and on 43 exams (46%) a type II variation was observed, meaning that its origin attached directly to the glenoid neck. The AB-IGHL emerged at the 4 oclock position on 58 cases (62%). Fourteen of them (15%) from the 3 oclock position and on 21 cases (23%) from the 5 oclock position. Anterior labrum avulsion was identified on 55 patients (59%) and degeneration without avulsion was seen in 23 cases (25%). The inter- and intraobserver agreement for the classification of the anatomic variations of labral periosteal attachment of IGHL was excellent. Conclusions: Although the AB-IGHL originating from the anteroinferior labrum is more frequent, we found a high prevalence of the AB-IGHL emerging from the periosteum of the glenoid neck. The AB-IGHL originated between 3 and 5o clock position, more frequently at 4 oclock.