Submitted by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2018-03-28T22:17:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AllisonCC_DISSERT.pdf: 23495470 bytes, checksum: 71481acfb5946c94f60433199d92a734 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2018-06-18T16:53:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AllisonCC_DISSERT.pdf: 23495470 bytes, checksum: 71481acfb5946c94f60433199d92a734 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2018-06-18T17:02:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AllisonCC_DISSERT.pdf: 23495470 bytes, checksum: 71481acfb5946c94f60433199d92a734 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T17:02:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AllisonCC_DISSERT.pdf: 23495470 bytes, checksum: 71481acfb5946c94f60433199d92a734 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-28 / The reduction of power consumption and operational costs in petroleum industry has become an increasingly concernment in the last years. Due to that the search for new petroleum production methods and the use of process controlling techniques integrated to its artificial lift systems for optimizing that process plays a main role, and the development of well pump controllers is the main study object. The work proposes the implementation of a control system for oil wells equipped with ESP (Electrical Submersible Pumping), having as main methodology the use of the Arduino® Platform. The desired result is the development of a low cost oil pump controller system, with software technology which brings easy configuration and remote operation, and validation of its use in a real oil well. The main goals are the cost reduction through the use of inexpensive hardware, and the the increase of developing speed by migrating to a higher level programming language, both compared to current well pumping controller solutions, based on use of PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). Other than that, the proposal represents a big step for the dissemination of open hardware philosophy for the petroleum production process control, opening doors for incoming implementation of new controllers for other artificial lift methods / A redução de consumo energético e do custo operacional na indústria de petróleo vem se tornando uma preocupação cada vez maior ao longo dos últimos anos. Nesse contexto a busca por novos métodos de produção de petróleo e a utilização de técnicas de controle integradas aos sistemas de elevação artificial para a otimização desse processo exercem um importante papel, e o desenvolvimento de controladores de bombeio é o principal objeto de estudo. O trabalho propõe a implementação de um sistema de controle para poços equipados com BCS (Bombeio Centrífugo Submerso), tendo como metodologia base o uso da plataforma Arduino®. O resultado desejado é o desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle de bombeio de baixo custo, com tecnologia de software que contemple fácil configuração e operação remota, e a validação do seu uso em um poço produtor de petróleo real. Os objetivos principais são a redução de custos através da utilização de hardware mais econômico, e a aceleração do desenvolvimento devida à migração para uma linguagem de programação de mais alto nível, ambos em relação às soluções de controle de bombeio atuais, baseadas no uso de CLP (Controlador Lógico Programável). Além disso, a proposta representa um grande passo para a disseminação do uso da filosofia de hardware livre para controle do processo de produção de petróleo, abrindo portas para a implementação de novos controladores para outros métodos de elevação / 2018-03-28

The production from an oil reservoir is a mixture of liquids (oil and water) and gas, and is often maintained by using a pump placed in the well to ensure a continuous flow to the surface. Electrical Submersible Pumps consist of stacked centrifugal pump stages, each comprising a bladed impeller (rotating part) and diffuser (stationary part). In multiphase conditions, the gas tends to accumulate in the impeller, severely reducing the pressure produced by the pump. Radial-flow pumps operate in a plane perpendicular to their rotation axis, while mixed-flow pumps are characterised by a lower meridional angle (generally 40 to 80 degrees), and are generally better at handling gas-liquid mixtures. We first describe the impact of gas on the whole pumping system, from the reservoir to the storage facility, and give context to the subject. The available literature shows that the size of the gas bubbles present in the fluid is critical to the pump performance. A transparent, full-scale pump was built in order to explore the flow features in single and multiphase flows. Laser Doppler Velocimetry and high speed imaging in single phase flow showed a high turbulence level in the wake of the impeller blades, and recirculation cells at low flow rates. In gas-liquid conditions, we demonstrated that the bubble size varies within a pump stage, as break-up occurs at the impeller tip, and coalescence is dominant in the diffuser, especially because of recirculation. The first impeller acted as a mixer, and at moderate to high gas fractions (10 to 30%), the flow patterns at the stage level alternated between bubbly and radially separated flows. Finally, a dispersed-gas model was developed to predict the pressure rise in a mixed-flow pump impeller under gas-liquid conditions. This model based on the forces acting on a single spherical gas bubble, was implemented with a simplified, parametric representation of the flow field in a mixed-flow impeller. In the meridional direction, the Coriolis force opposes the centrifugal force and the adverse pressure gradient. Both forces tend to retain the gas bubble within the impeller. The relative magnitude of the drag force strongly depends on the maximal bubble diameter, which was determined as a function of the flow conditions and used to calculate the gas velocity through the impeller. This method resulted in a better agreement with the experimental data than a one-dimensional two-fluid model where the gas phase follows the same path as the liquid. We used the dispersed-gas model to give quantitative evidence that low blade and meridional angles reduce the gas accumulation and the associated performance degradation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LennedyCS_DISSERT.pdf: 3653783 bytes, checksum: 8a237d13a56a26f3a6ff1bf8c63bdede (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-22 / The several existing methods for oil artificial lifting and the variety of automation equipment for these methods many times lead the supervisory systems to be dedicated to a unique method and/or to a unique manufacturer. To avoid this problem, it has been developed the supervisory system named SISAL, conceived to supervise wells with different lifting methods and different automation equipments. The SISAL system is working in several Brazilian states but, nowadays, it is only supervising rod pump-based wells. The objective of this work is the development of a supervision module to the plunger lift artificial lift method. The module will have the same characteristics of working with automation hardware of many manufacturers. The module will be integrated to the SISAL system, incorporating the capacity to supervise the plunger lift artificial lift method. / Os v?rios m?todos de eleva??o artificial de petr?leo e os diferentes equipamentos de automa??o existentes muitas vezes levam a que os sistemas supervis?rios sejam dedicados a um ?nico m?todo e/ou a um ?nico fabricante de equipamentos. Para contornar este problema, foi desenvolvido o sistema SISAL, capaz de supervisionar po?os com diferentes m?todos de eleva??o e equipamentos de automa??o. Atualmente, o SISAL est? em opera??o em diversos po?os em v?rios estados do Brasil, supervisionando po?os de bombeio mec?nico. O objetivo deste trabalho ? desenvolver um m?dulo de supervis?o para o m?todo de eleva??o artificial plunger lift, com as mesmas caracter?sticas de poder trabalhar com hardwares de automa??o de diferentes fabricantes. O m?dulo desenvolvido ser? integrado ao SISAL, de forma a incorporar ao sistema a capacidade de supervisionar este novo m?todo de eleva??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RutacioOC_TESE_PARCIAL.pdf: 408685 bytes, checksum: 5bea29db0102078f885dab06d8188a0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-13 / The Electrical Submersible Pumping is an artificial lift method for oil wells employed in onshore and offshore areas. The economic revenue of the petroleum production in a well depends on the oil flow and the availability of lifting equipment. The fewer the failures, the lower the revenue shortfall and costs to repair it. The frequency with which failures occur depends on the operating conditions to which the pumps are submitted. In high-productivity offshore wells monitoring is done by operators with engineering support 24h/day, which is not economically viable for the land areas. In this context, the automation of onshore wells has clear economic advantages. This work proposes a system capable of automatically control the operation of electrical submersible pumps, installed in oil wells, by an adjustment at the electric motor rotation based on signals provided by sensors installed on the surface and subsurface, keeping the pump operating within the recommended range, closest to the well s potential. Techniques are developed to estimate unmeasured variables, enabling the automation of wells that do not have all the required sensors. The automatic adjustment, according to an algorithm that runs on a programmable logic controller maintains the flow and submergence within acceptable parameters avoiding undesirable operating conditions, as the gas interference and high engine temperature, without need to resort to stopping the engine, which would reduce the its useful life. The control strategy described, based on modeling of physical phenomena and operational experience reported in literature, is materialized in terms of a fuzzy controller based on rules, and all generated information can be accompanied by a supervisory system / O bombeio centr?fugo submerso ? um m?todo de eleva??o artificial de petr?leo empregado em ?reas terrestres ou mar?timas. A receita econ?mica da produ??o de petr?leo em um po?o depende da vaz?o de ?leo e da disponibilidade do equipamento de eleva??o. Quanto menos falhas, menores ser?o as receitas cessantes e os custos para repar?-las. A frequ?ncia com que as falhas ocorrem depende das condi??es operacionais ?s quais as bombas s?o submetidas. Em po?os mar?timos de alta produtividade o acompanhamento ? feito por operadores com suporte de engenharia 24h/dia, o que n?o ? economicamente vi?vel para as ?reas terrestres. Nesse contexto, a automa??o de po?os terrestres apresenta vantagens econ?micas claras. Neste trabalho ? proposto um sistema capaz de controlar automaticamente a opera??o de bombas centr?fugas submersas instaladas em po?os produtores de petr?leo, via ajuste na rota??o do motor el?trico, a partir de sensores instalados na superf?cie e subsuperf?cie, mantendo a bomba operando dentro da faixa recomendada, o mais pr?ximo poss?vel do potencial do po?o. S?o desenvolvidas t?cnicas de estimativa de vari?veis n?o medidas, possibilitando a automa??o de po?os que n?o possuem todos os sensores requeridos. O ajuste autom?tico, conforme um algoritmo que ? executado em um controlador l?gico program?vel, mant?m a vaz?o e a submerg?ncia dentro de par?metros aceit?veis, evitando condi??es operacionais indesej?veis como a interfer?ncia de g?s e a elevada temperatura do motor, sem a necessidade de recorrer ao desligamento do motor, o que reduziria a sua vida ?til. A estrat?gia de controle descrita, baseada na modelagem dos fen?menos f?sicos e na experi?ncia operacional registrada na literatura, ? materializada em termos de um controlador Fuzzy baseado em regras, sendo que todas as informa??es geradas podem ser acompanhadas por um sistema supervis?rio

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EvellyneSBpdf.pdf: 1159066 bytes, checksum: 300fe338752c295fd279c5c695b984a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-26 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / The Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) has been one of the most appropriate solutions for lifting method in onshore and offshore applications. The typical features for this application are adverse temperature, viscosity fluids and gas environments. The difficulties in equipments maintenance and setup contributing to increasing costs of oil production in deep water, therefore, the optimization through automation can be a excellent approach for decrease costs and failures in subsurface equipment. This work describe a computer simulation related with the artificial lifting method ESP. This tool support the dynamic behavior of ESP approach, considering the source and electric energy transmission model for the motor, the electric motor model (including the thermal calculation), flow tubbing simulation, centrifugal pump behavior simulation with liquid nature effects and reservoir requirements. In addition, there are tri-dimensional animation for each ESP subsytem (transformer, motor, pump, seal, gas separator, command unit). This computer simulation propose a improvement for monitoring oil wells for maximization of well production. Currenty, the proprietaries simulators are based on specific equipments manufactures. Therefore, it is not possible simulation equipments of another manufactures. In the propose approach there are support for diverse kinds of manufactures equipments / Bombeio Centr?fugo Submerso (BCS) tem se mostrado uma das solu??es mais adequadas como m?todo de eleva??o em aplica??es onshore e offshore. As caracter?sticas t?picas desssas aplica??es s?o condi??es adversas de temperatura, fluidos viscosos e ambientes gaseificados. As dificuldades encontradas na manuten??o e instala??o de equipamentos s?o fatores que oneram a produ??o de petr?leo em ?guas profundas, com isso, a otimiza??o via automa??o, pode ser um passo fundamental para a redu??o de custos e falhas nos equipamentos de subsuperf?cie. Este trabalho apresenta um simulador computacional relacionado ao m?todo de eleva??o artificial BCS. A ferramenta representa o comportamento din?mico, considerando a transmiss?o de energia el?trica da superf?cie ao motor, modelo do motor el?trico (incluindo o efeito t?rmico), simula??o do escoamento na tubula??o, simula??o do comportamento da bomba centr?fuga, levando em considera??o os efeitos da natureza do l?quido e os aspectos do reservat?rio. Adicionalmente, s?o encontrados anima??es tridimensionais para cada subsistema BCS (transformador, motor, bomba, selo ou protetor, separador de g?s e quadro de comando). O simulador computacional prop?e uma melhoria no acompanhamento de po?os de petr?leo visando o aumento da produtividade do po?o. Atualmente, os simuladores comerciais est?o baseados em equipamentos espec?ficos do fabricante, dificultando obter resultados com outros equipamentos. Na t?cnica proposta, existe suporte para diversos fabricantes

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EwertonAPM.pdf: 3120304 bytes, checksum: ff33c0c9ca20630c0130f326f67a029e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-11-17 / Amongst the results of the AutPoc Project - Automation of Wells, established between UFRN and Petrobras with the support of the CNPq, FINEP, CTPETRO, FUNPEC, was developed a simulator for equipped wells of oil with the method of rise for continuous gas-lift. The gas-lift is a method of rise sufficiently used in production offshore (sea production), and its basic concept is to inject gas in the deep one of the producing well of oil transform it less dense in order to facilitate its displacement since the reservoir until the surface. Based in the use of tables and equations that condense the biggest number of information on characteristics of the reservoir, the well and the valves of gas injection, it is allowed, through successive interpolations, to simulate representative curves of the physical behavior of the existing characteristic variable. With a simulator that approaches a computer of real the physical conditions of an oil well is possible to analyze peculiar behaviors with very bigger speeds, since the constants of time of the system in question well are raised e, moreover, to optimize costs with assays in field. The simulator presents great versatility, with prominance the analysis of the influence of parameters, as the static pressure, relation gas-liquid, pressure in the head of the well, BSW (Relation Basic Sediments and Water) in curves of request in deep of the well and the attainment of the curve of performance of the well where it can be simulated rules of control and otimization. In moving the rules of control, the simulator allows the use in two ways of simulation: the application of the control saw software simulated enclosed in the proper simulator, as well as the use of external controllers. This implies that the simulator can be used as tool of validation of control algorithms. Through the potentialities above cited, of course one another powerful application for the simulator appears: the didactic use of the tool. It will be possible to use it in formation courses and recycling of engineers / Dentre os resultados do Projeto AutPoc – Automa??o de Po?os, estabelecido entre UFRN e Petrobras com o apoio do CNPq, FINEP, CTPETRO, FUNPEC, foi desenvolvido um simulador para po?os de petr?leo equipados com o m?todo de eleva??o por gas-lift cont?nuo. O gas-lift ? um m?todo de eleva??o bastante utilizado em produ??o offshore (produ??o marinha), e seu conceito fundamental ? injetar g?s no fundo do po?o produtor de petr?leo tornando-o menos denso de modo a facilitar seu deslocamento desde o reservat?rio at? a superf?cie. Baseado na utiliza??o de tabelas e equa??es que condensam o maior n?mero de informa??es sobre caracter?sticas do reservat?rio, do po?o e das v?lvulas de inje??o de g?s, ? permitido, atrav?s de sucessivas interpola??es, simular curvas representativas do comportamento f?sico das vari?veis caracter?sticas existentes. Com um simulador que aproxime um computador das condi??es f?sicas reais de um po?o de petr?leo ? poss?vel analisar comportamentos peculiares com velocidades muito maiores, visto que as constantes de tempo do sistema em quest?o s?o bem elevadas e, al?m disso, otimizar custos com ensaios em campo. O simulador apresenta grande versatilidade, destacadamente a an?lise da influ?ncia de par?metros, como a press?o est?tica, raz?o g?s-l?quido, press?o na cabe?a do po?o, BSW (Basic Sediments and Water) em curvas de solicita??o no fundo do po?o e a obten??o da curva de desempenho do po?o onde pode-se simular regras de controle e otimiza??o. No tocante as regras de controle, o simulador permite a utiliza??o em dois modos de simula??o: a aplica??o do controle via software simulado inclu?do no pr?prio simulador, bem como a utiliza??o de controladores externos. Isto implica que o simulador pode ser utilizado como ferramenta de valida??o de algoritmos de controle. Atrav?s das potencialidades acima citadas, naturalmente surge uma outra poderosa aplica??o para o simulador: a utiliza??o did?tica da ferramenta. Ser? poss?vel utiliz?-lo em cursos de forma??o e reciclagem de engenheiros

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoBS.pdf: 821976 bytes, checksum: 45f7062b292e641f0f7e595b2b356d60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-04 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / The using of supervision systems has become more and more essential in accessing, managing and obtaining data of industrial processes, because of constant and frequent developments in industrial automation. These supervisory systems (SCADA) have been widely used in many industrial environments to store process data and to control the processes in accordance with some adopted strategy. The SCADA s control hardware is the set of equipments that execute this work. The SCADA s supervision software accesses process data through the control hardware and shows them to the users. Currently, many industrial systems adopt supervision softwares developed by the same manufacturer of the control hardware. Usually, these softwares cannot be used with other equipments made by distinct manufacturers. This work proposes an approach for developing supervisory systems able to access process information through different control hardwares. An architecture for supervisory systems is first defined, in order to guarantee efficiency in communication and data exchange. Then, the architecture is applied in a supervisory system to monitor oil wells that use distinct control hardwares. The implementation was modeled and verified by using the formal method of the Petri networks. Finally, experimental results are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed solution / A utiliza??o de sistemas de supervis?o tem se tornado cada vez mais essencial ao acesso, gerenciamento e obten??o de dados dos processos industriais, devido ao constante e frequente desenvolvimento da automa??o industrial. Estes sistemas supervis?rios (SCADA) t?m sido amplamente utilizados em diversos ambientes industriais para armazenar dados do processo e control?-lo de acordo com alguma estrat?gia adotada. O hardware de controle de um sistema SCADA ? o conjunto de equipamentos respons?veis pela execu??o desta tarefa. O software de supervis?o SCADA acessa os dados dos processos atrav?s do hardware de controle e torna-os dispon?veis para os usu?rios. Atualmente, muitos sistemas de automa??o industrial utilizam softwares de supervis?o desenvolvidos pelo mesmo fabricante do hardware de controle. Normalmente, estes softwares n?o podem ser usados com equipamentos de controle de outros fabricantes. Este trabalho prop?e uma metodologia de desenvolvimento de sistemas de supervis?o capaz de acessar informa??es dos processos atrav?s de diferentes equipamentos de controle. Inicialmente, defini-se uma arquitetura para sistemas supervis?rios que garanta comunica??o e troca de dados eficientes. Em seguida, a arquitetura ? aplicada em um sistema de supervis?o de po?os de petr?leo que utilizam diferentes equipamentos de controle. A implementa??o foi modelada utilizando o m?todo formal de redes de Petri. Os resultados s?o apresentados para demonstrar a aplicabilidade da solu??o proposta

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipePMA_DISSERT.pdf: 3715487 bytes, checksum: 630bbbaabad6ec787270701f99c61fb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-18 / A critical problem in mature gas wells is the liquid loading. As the reservoir pressure decreases, gas superficial velocities decreases and the drag exerted on the liquid phase may become insufficient to bring all the liquid to the surface. Liquid starts to drain downward, flooding the well and increasing the backpressure which decreases the gas superficial velocity and so on. A popular method to remedy this problem is the Plunger Lift. This method consists of dropping the "plunger"to the bottom of the tubing well with the main production valve closed. When the plunger reaches the well bottom the production valve is opened and the plunger carry the liquid to the surface. However, models presented in literature for predicting the behavior in plunger lift are simplistic, in many cases static (not considering the transient effects). Therefore work presents the development and validation of a numerical algorithm to solve one-dimensional compressible in gas wells using the Finite Volume Method and PRIME techniques for treating coupling of pressure and velocity fields. The code will be then used to develop a dynamic model for the plunger lift which includes the transient compressible flow within the well / Um problema cr?tico em po?os maduros de g?s ? a carga l?quida. Quando a press?o do reservat?rio diminui, a velocidade superficial diminui e o arrasto exercido na fase l?quida pode se tornar insuficiente para trazer todo o l?quido para a superf?cie. O l?quido come?a a drenar para baixo, afogando o po?o e aumentando a contrapress?o, a qual diminui a velocidade superficial, e assim por diante. Um m?todo popular para remediar esse problema ? o plunger lift. Esse m?todo consiste em derrubar um plunger na fundo coluna de produ??o com a v?lvula principal fechada. Quando o plunger alcan?a o fundo do po?o a v?lvula de produ??o ? aberta e o plunger carrega o l?quido para a superf?cie. Atualmente, os modelos presentes na literatura para prever o comportamento do plunger s?o simplistas, em muitos casos est?ticos (n?o consideram efeitos transientes). Assim, esse trabalho apresenta e valida um algor?timo num?rico para resolver escoamentos em po?os de g?s usando o M?todo dos Volumes Finitos e a t?cnica PRIME para tratar o acoplamento da press?o e velocidade. Esse modelo ser? usado para desenvolver modelos din?micos para plunger lift que incluem efeitos transientes e compress?veis nos escoamentos em po?os

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoSB_DISSERT.pdf: 2511631 bytes, checksum: 6bc0111c2afb2c48acf040134ddb6f46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-22 / From their early days, Electrical Submergible Pumping (ESP) units have excelled in lifting much greater liquid rates than most of the other types of artificial lift and developed by good performance in wells with high BSW, in onshore and offshore environments. For all artificial lift system, the lifetime and frequency of interventions are of paramount importance, given the high costs of rigs and equipment, plus the losses coming from a halt in production. In search of a better life of the system comes the need to work with the same efficiency and security within the limits of their equipment, this implies the need for periodic adjustments, monitoring and control. How is increasing the prospect of minimizing direct human actions, these adjustments should be made increasingly via automation. The automated system not only provides a longer life, but also greater control over the production of the well. The controller is the brain of most automation systems, it is inserted the logic and strategies in the work process in order to get you to work efficiently. So great is the importance of controlling for any automation system is expected that, with better understanding of ESP system and the development of research, many controllers will be proposed for this method of artificial lift. Once a controller is proposed, it must be tested and validated before they take it as efficient and functional. The use of a producing well or a test well could favor the completion of testing, but with the serious risk that flaws in the design of the controller were to cause damage to oil well equipment, many of them expensive. Given this reality, the main objective of the present work is to present an environment for evaluation of fuzzy controllers for wells equipped with ESP system, using a computer simulator representing a virtual oil well, a software design fuzzy controllers and a PLC. The use of the proposed environment will enable a reduction in time required for testing and adjustments to the controller and evaluated a rapid diagnosis of their efficiency and effectiveness. The control algorithms are implemented in both high-level language, through the controller design software, such as specific language for programming PLCs, Ladder Diagram language. / Desde a sua concep??o, as unidades de Bombeio Centr?fugo Submerso (BCS) destacaram- se pelas altas vaz?es desenvolvidas e pelo bom desempenho em po?os com alto BSW, tanto em ambientes onshore como offshore. Em qualquer sistema de eleva??o, sua vida ?til e a frequ?ncia das interven??es s?o de fundamental import?ncia, em virtude dos elevados custos das sondas e dos equipamentos, al?m dos prejuizos oriundos de uma parada na produ??o. Na busca por uma maior vida ?til do sistema, surge a necessidade de que o mesmo trabalhe com efici?ncia e dentro dos limites de seguran?a de seus equipamentos, isso implica na necessidade de peri?dicos ajustes, monitoramento e controle. Como ? crescente a perspectiva de se minimizar as a??es humanas diretas, esses ajustes dever?o ser feitos cada vez mais via automa??o. A automa??o do sistema n?o s? possibilita uma maior vida ?til, mas tamb?m um maior controle sobre a produ??o do po?o. O controlador ? o c?rebro da maioria dos sistemas de automa??o, concentrando l?gica e estrat?gias necess?rias a atua??o no processo de maneira a lev?-lo a trabalhar com efici?ncia. Tal ? a import?ncia do controle para qualquer sistema de automa??o que se espera que, com o desenvolver das pesquisas e melhor conhecimento do BCS, muitos controladores venham a ser propostos para este m?todo de eleva??o. Depois que um controlador ? proposto, o mesmo deve ser testado e validado antes de se tom?-lo como eficiente e funcional. O uso de um po?o produtor ou de um po?o de teste poderia viabilizar a realiza??o de testes, mas com o s?rio risco de que falhas no projeto do controlador viessem a ocasionar danos aos equipamentos do po?o, muitos deles de custo elevado. Diante dessa realidade, o objetivo deste trabalho ? apresentar um ambiente para avalia??o de controladores fuzzy para po?os equipados com o m?todo BCS, utilizando-se de um simulador computacional representando um po?o virtual, de um software de projeto de controladores fuzzy e de um CLP comercial. O uso do ambiente proposto possibilitar? uma redu??o no tempo requerido para a realiza??o dos testes e ajustes necess?rios ao controlador avaliado e um diagn?stico r?pido de sua efici?ncia e efic?cia. Os algoritmos de controle s?o implementados tanto em linguagem de alto n?vel, atrav?s do software de projeto de controladores, como em linguagem espec?fica para programa??o de CLPs, a linguagem de Diagramas Ladder.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FilipeOQ_TESE.pdf: 3544001 bytes, checksum: a41be36b03f0fc409d26c8565085c60f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / In the artificial lift method by Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP), the energy is transmitted for the well?s deep through a flat electric handle, where it is converted into mechanical energy through an engine of sub-surface, which is connected to a centrifugal pump. This transmits energy to the fluid under the pressure form, bringing it to the surface In this method the subsurface equipment is basically divided into: pump, seal and motor. The main function of the seal is the protect the motor, avoiding the motor?s oil be contaminated by oil production and the consequent burning of it. Over time, the seal will be wearing and initiates a contamination of motor oil, causing it to lose its insulating characteristics. This work presents a design of a magnetic sensor capable of detecting contamination of insulating oil used in the artificial lift method of oil-type Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). The objective of this sensor is to generate alarm signal just the moment when the contamination in the isolated oil is present, enabling the implementation of a predictive maintenance. The prototype was designed to work in harsh conditions to reach a depth of 2000m and temperatures up to 150?C. It was used a simulator software to defined the mechanical and electromagnetic variables. Results of field experiments were performed to validate the prototype. The final results performed in an ESP system with a 62HP motor showed a good reliability and fast response of the prototype. / No m?todo de eleva??o artificial de petr?leo por Bombeio Centr?fugo Submerso (BCS) a energia el?trica ? transmitida para o fundo do po?o atrav?s de um cabo, onde ? transformada em energia mec?nica por um motor de sub-superf?cie, o qual est? conectado a uma bomba centr?fuga, que transmite a energia para o fluido sob a forma de press?o, elevando-o para a superf?cie. Neste m?todo, os equipamentos de sub-superf?cie subdividem-se basicamente em: bomba, selo e motor. A principal fun??o do selo ? a prote??o do motor, evitando a contamina??o do ?leo do motor pelo ?leo de produ??o e a conseq?ente queima do mesmo. Com o tempo, o selo vai desgastando-se e come?a haver uma contamina??o do ?leo do motor, fazendo com que o mesmo perca a sua caracter?stica isolante. Este trabalho apresenta um projeto de um sensor magn?tico capaz de detectar a contamina??o do ?leo isolante utilizado no m?todo de eleva??o artificial de petr?leo do tipo (BCS). O objetivo deste sensor ? gerar um sinal de alarme apenas no momento em que a contamina??o do ?leo isolante estiver presente, possibilitando ? execu??o de uma manuten??o preditiva. O prot?tipo foi projetado para trabalhar em condi??es operacionais severas, podendo alcan?ar uma profundidade de 2000m e temperaturas at? 150?C. Foi utilizado um software simulador para definir as vari?veis mec?nicas e eletromagn?ticas. Experimentos de campo foram realizados para validar o prot?tipo. Os resultados finais realizados em um sistema BCS com um motor de 62HP mostrou uma boa confiabilidade e resposta r?pida do prot?tipo.