Nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse au problème de l’automatisation du processus de choix et de paramétrage des visualisations en fouille visuelle de données. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous avons développé un assistant utilisateur "VizAssist" dont l’objectif principal est de guider les utilisateurs (experts ou novices) durant le processus d’exploration et d’analyse de leur ensemble de données. Nous illustrons, l’approche sur laquelle s’appuie VizAssit pour guider les utilisateurs dans le choix et le paramétrage des visualisations. VizAssist propose un processus en deux étapes. La première étape consiste à recueillir les objectifs annoncés par l’utilisateur ainsi que la description de son jeu de données à visualiser, pour lui proposer un sous ensemble de visualisations candidates pour le représenter. Dans cette phase, VizAssist suggère différents appariements entre la base de données à visualiser et les visualisations qu’il gère. La seconde étape permet d’affiner les différents paramétrages suggérés par le système. Dans cette phase, VizAssist utilise un algorithme génétique interactif qui a pour apport de permettre aux utilisateurs d’évaluer et d’ajuster visuellement ces paramétrages. Nous présentons enfin les résultats de l’évaluation utilisateur que nous avons réalisé ainsi que les apports de notre outil à accomplir quelques tâches de fouille de données. / In this thesis, we deal with the problem of automating the process of choosing an appropriate visualization and its parameters in the context of visual data mining. To solve this problem, we developed a user assistant "VizAssist" which mainly assist users (experts and novices) during the process of exploration and analysis of their dataset. We illustrate the approach used by VizAssit to help users in the visualization selection and parameterization process. VizAssist proposes a process based on two steps. In the first step, VizAssist collects the user’s objectives and the description of his dataset, and then proposes a subset of candidate visualizations to represent them. In this step, VizAssist suggests a different mapping between the database for representation and the set of visualizations it manages. The second step allows user to adjust the different mappings suggested by the system. In this step, VizAssist uses an interactive genetic algorithm to allow users to visually evaluate and adjust such mappings. We present finally the results that we have obtained during the user evaluation that we performed and the contributions of our tool to accomplish some tasks of data mining.

For my thesis I have chosen the theme of the importance and possibilities of a teacher assistant in school integration of children with disabilities. The research was conducted in the district of Český Krumlov. There are currently 20 basic schools and 26 kindergartens of which eight basic schools and two kindergartens have integrated pupils with disabilities. My two hypotheses are based on the fact that teacher assistants are the ones who, in my opinion, form an indispensable part of a pedagogic team, ensuring successful and beneficial integration of disabled children into the regular type of schools and school facilities and affecting the process of integration (hypothesis 1). Moreover, I believe that the competencies of two different professional groups, being teacher assistants and personal assistants, are often confused and neither professionals nor the lay public are able to clearly distinguish between their functions (hypothesis 2). In order to obtain information in respect of the set out issues, the method of interviews in the form of questionnaires was used. The questionnaire was designed for directors and teachers of basic schools and kindergartens integrating pupils with disabilities and also for parents of disabled children integrated in a regular school. The processed data are displayed in graphs and tables. Both the raised hypotheses have been confirmed. It was revealed that the respondents consider a teacher assistant as an indispensable element without which the school integration would not be successful. Some of them refer to their previous experience when no teacher assistant was available. The hypothesis which assumed confusion of competencies of an assistant teacher and a personal assistant was also clearly confirmed. The research revealed that some respondents suggested an interesting idea to unify these two assistants' functions into one that would fall under one resort. By this diploma thesis I would like to contribute to the explanation of ambiguities in the competences of a teacher assistant and a personal assistant and to promote the importance of a teacher assistant in school integration of children with disabilities.

Les activités de validation et vérification de modèles sont devenues essentielles dans le développement de systèmes complexes. Les efforts de formalisation de ces activités se sont multipliés récemment étant donné leur importance pour les systèmes embarqués critiques. Notre travail s’inscrit principalement dans cette voie. Nous abordons deux visions complémentaires pour traiter cette problématique. La première est une description syntaxique implicite macroscopique basée sur une ontologie pour aider les concepteurs dans le choix des outils selon leurs exigences. La seconde est une description sémantique explicite microscopique pour faciliter la construction de techniques de vérification compositionnelles. Nous proposons dans la première partie de cette thèse une ontologie pour expliquer et expliciter les éléments fondateurs du domaine que nous appelons VVO. Cette ontologie pourra avoir plusieurs autres utilisations : une base de connaissance, un outil de formation ou aussi un support pour le choix de la méthode à appliquer et l’inférence de correspondance entre outils. Nous nous intéressons dans la seconde partie de cette thèse à une formalisation dans un assistant à la preuve de l’introduction de composants dans un langage de modélisation et des liens avec les activités de validation et vérification. Le but est d’étudier la préservation des propriétés par composition : les activités de vérification sont généralement coûteuses en terme de temps et d’effort, les faire d’une façon compositionnelle est très avantageux. Nous partons de l’atelier formel pour l’Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles Coq4MDE. Nous suivons la même ligne directrice de développement prouvé pour formaliser des opérateurs de composition et étudier la conservation des propriétés par assemblage. Nous nous intéressons au typage puis à la conformité de modèles par rapport au métamodèle et nous vérifions que les opérateurs définis permettent de conserver ces propriétés. Nous nous focalisons sur l’étude d’opérateurs élémentaires que nous exploitons pour spécifier des opérateurs de plus haut niveau. Les préconditions des opérateurs représentent les activités de vérification non compositionnelles qui doivent être effectuées en plus de la vérification des composants pour assurer la postcondition des opérateurs qui est la propriété souhaitée. Nous concluons en présentant des perspectives pour une formalisation algébrique en théorie des catégories. / The validation and verification of models have become essential in the development of complex systems. The formalisation efforts for these activities have increased recently being given their importance for critical embedded systems. We discuss two complementary visions for addressing these issues. The first is a syntactic implicit macroscopic description based on an ontology to help designers in the choice of tools depending on their requirements. The second is a microscopic explicit semantics description aiming to facilitate the construction of compositional verification techniques. We propose in the first part of this thesis an ontology to explain and clarify the basic elements of the domain of Verification and Validation that we call VVO. This ontology may have several other uses: a knowledge base, a training tool or a support for the choice of the method to be applied and to infer correspondence between tools. We are interested in the second part of this thesis in a formalisation using a proof assistant for the introduction of components in a modelling language and their links with verification and validation activities. The aim is to study the preservation of properties by the composition activities. The verification are generally expensive in terms of time and efforts, making theme in a compositional way is very advantageous. Starting from the formal framework for Model Driven Engineering COQ4MDE, we follow the same line of though to formalize the composition operators and to study the conservation of properties by composition. We are interested in typing and conformity of models in relation with metamodels and we verify that the defined operators allow to preserve these properties. We focus on the study of elementary operators that we use to specify hight level operators. The preconditions for the operators represent the non-compositional verification activities that should be performed in addition to verification of components to ensure the desired postcondition of the operator. We conclude by studying algebraic formalisation using concepts from category theory.

Esta tese trata do perfil sócio-demográfico, político e de atividades dos agentes comunitários de saúde que atuam há mais de um ano em unidades de saúde da família, integrantes da rede assistencial de sete municípios da região de saúde de Juiz de Fora - MG. Considera a percepção do próprio agente comunitário de saúde sobre o seu trabalho, a concepção das equipes e coordenadores do programa e a visão dos usuários. Apoia-se, na interação entre as metodologias qualitativa e quantitativa, atuando de forma complementar, sendo seus principais resultados: (i) o perfil social dos agentes no que concerne aos aspectos de residência, segue os requisitos propostos pelo programa nacional. Quanto aos aspectos de liderança e ajuda solidária, somente uma pequena parcela já desenvolvia ações sociais e de solidariedade com sua comunidade, não sendo referência para a mesma, em termos de saúde, (ii) o perfil de atividades se prende às diretrizes e normas ditadas pela política de saúde vigente, emanadas das Secretarias Municipais de Saúde, reforçando a dimensão técnica universalista do seu trabalho.

Esta tese trata do perfil sócio-demográfico, político e de atividades dos agentes comunitários de saúde que atuam há mais de um ano em unidades de saúde da família, integrantes da rede assistencial de sete municípios da região de saúde de Juiz de Fora - MG. Considera a percepção do próprio agente comunitário de saúde sobre o seu trabalho, a concepção das equipes e coordenadores do programa e a visão dos usuários. Apoia-se, na interação entre as metodologias qualitativa e quantitativa, atuando de forma complementar, sendo seus principais resultados: (i) o perfil social dos agentes no que concerne aos aspectos de residência, segue os requisitos propostos pelo programa nacional. Quanto aos aspectos de liderança e ajuda solidária, somente uma pequena parcela já desenvolvia ações sociais e de solidariedade com sua comunidade, não sendo referência para a mesma, em termos de saúde, (ii) o perfil de atividades se prende às diretrizes e normas ditadas pela política de saúde vigente, emanadas das Secretarias Municipais de Saúde, reforçando a dimensão técnica universalista do seu trabalho.

The thesis deals with the function of a teacher's assistant in a primary school. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, I focus on inclusive education, which is related to students with special educational needs. The second chapter of the theoretical part deals with the teaching assistants, their qualification, and personal prerequisites. I also deal with the role and activities of assistants in primary school and their job. The third part is devoted to cooperation between teachers and assistants. I present the possible benefits and risks of this cooperation. Due to the current epidemy of coronavirus, I focused the practical part on the cooperation between assistants and teachers during distance learning. I used the method of semi-structured interviews. The results of my research show that each cooperation was handled differently. Most teachers are aware of the benefits of this cooperation and have involved and collaborated with assistants even during distance learning, during which the assistants acted not only as support for kids with SEN. Key Words Assistant teacher, inclusive education, primary school, cooperation between teacher and assistant teacher

This thesis is about strategies applied by the teaching assistant and his tools of help in connection with the pupil in the learning process. The theoretical part includes the following themes: the inclusion, the position of teaching assistant and the pupils with special educational needs. The practical part of thesis solves the problems of two individual pupils with special educational needs visiting the first grade of elementary school. This part aims at searching and reflection of effective help from the teaching assistant to the pupil. The practical part is based on an action research that is divided into two parts. Each practical part is dedicated to one pupil. The first part of the action research dedicated to pupil J. solves a problem with pupil's seisures and his return to the learning proces. During the research, it has been observed that the pupil is returned to the learning proces through the quiet handling of teaching assistant connected with an eye contact. The second part of the action reasearch is dedicated to the pupil P. The problem of low self-confidence and often giving up of his work before its completion is solved in this part. In this case the tool prepared in cooperation with the teaching assistant and the class teacher seems to be effective. This tool helps the pupil to...

Titel: Attraktivt arbete inom äldreomsorgen - Vad kännetecknar en attraktiv arbetsplats för undersköterskor och vårdbiträden? Bakgrund och problematisering: Inom de närmaste åren kommer fler människor vara i behov av omvårdnadsinsatser. Detta på grund av att människan lever längre och därmed också har flera sjukdomsbilder och är i behov av en mer omfattande omvårdnad. Likväl som det finns behov av att rekrytera för att ersätta en stor pensionsvåg de närmaste åren, räknat till år 2026. Det finns en utmaning i att både behålla och attrahera nya medarbetare till äldreomsorgen, då yrket är kopplat till hårda arbetsförhållanden och låga löner. Vad som får medarbetarna att stanna inom yrket är att de ser det meningsfulla i arbetet med att hjälpa andra människor och är engagerade i sitt arbete. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som kännetecknar en attraktiv arbetsplats, för undersköterskor och vårdbiträden inom äldreomsorgen för att förklara och tills del kunna få förståelse hur de kan attraheras till samt behållas inom omvårdnadsyrket. Teoretisk referensram: Studien har inspirerats av modellen för attraktivt arbete. Modellen baseras på faktorer som anses av vikt för en attraktiv arbetsplats. Då modellen i grunden är omfattande har författarna till denna studie valt ut lämpliga delar som lämpar sig till att studera attraktiva faktorer inom äldreomsorgen. Tidigare forskning: Studien tar upp tidigare forskning som berör äldreomsorgens historia, olika synsätt, dess utmaningar och styrkor. Fokus för tidigare forskning berör undersköterskor och vårdbiträdens roll samt förutsättningar och vad som är bra och kan förbättras för att skapa en attraktiv arbetsplats som både kan behålla och attrahera nya medarbetare. Metod: Till studien har en kvantitativ metod använts, som har inspirerats av två andra studier som även de berör faktorer för en attraktiv arbetsplats och dess modell. Resultat och slutsatser: Studiens resultat visar på att relationer till kollegor och brukare värderas högt och gör att medarbetarna trivs på sin arbetsplats. Personalen känner engagemang i arbetet, samtidigt som det uppkommer känslor av otillräcklighet och stress. Studien visar på attraktiva faktorer som anses värdefulla. Faktorer som kan få medarbetare att stanna kvar i äldreomsorgen är; att det erbjuds större delaktighet i beslut, ett schema som medarbetaren känner sig bekväm med och högre lön. Det är också viktigt att känna en yrkesstolthet och att samhällets syn på att det är ett lågstatusyrke förändras och att det visas hur betydelsefulla och komplexa arbetsuppgifter som undersköterskor och vårdbiträden utför. / Title: Attractive work within elderly care – What characterizes an attractive workplace for assistant nurses and care assistants? Background and problematisation: Within a few years more elderly will be in need of some type of nursing care. This due to that mankind lives longer and have multiple diagnoses renders the need of more qualified nursing care. There is also a need to recruit new employees due to the large number of retirements coming up to the year 2026. There is a challenge in retaining and attract new employees to the elderly care though the profession has tough working conditions and low salaries. What makes employees stay in the profession is that they see the meaningfulness in helping other people and that they are well invested in their work. Purpose: The purpose with this study is to explain and to some extent grasp what characterize an attractive workplace for assistant nurses and care assistants within the elderly care to get an understanding how they can be attracted and retained in the elderly care profession. Theoretical reference frame: This study has been inspired by the model for attractive work. The model is based on factors that constitutes an attractive workplace. Due to the extensiveness of the mode, this study has chosen applicable factors to use within the elderly care system. Previous research: This study shows previous research that touches on the history, different approaches, challenges and strengths. Focus in on assistant nurses and care assistant's role and prerequisites. The study also looks at what perceives as good and what can be changed to the better to create an attractive workplace that can retain and recruit new employees. Method: This study has been inspired to use a quantitative method due to two other studies that used the model attractive work. Results and conclusions: The results show that the relationship between work colleges and caretakers are ranked high and is the cause to that employees thrive at the workplace. The employees feel commitment to the work but at the same time have emotions of insufficiency and stress. The study points to factors considered valuable for an attractive workplace. The factors could potentially make employees retain in elderly care if they are offered - greater participation in decisions, a work schedule that the employee fells comfortable with and higher salaries. It is also important to feel a professional pride and that the public view of a low status work is changed so they understand the importance and the complexity of the task that assistant nurses and care assistants within the elderly care performs

This diploma thesis deals with the role of an assistant at the moment of inclusion. It focuses on the position of teaching assistant, which is currently often performed by students from faculties of education. The aim of this thesis is to find out the motivation of students to practice this profession before taking up the role of class teacher at primary school. The thesis is divided into the theoretical part, where it deals with the concepts of assistance from history to the present. It describes pupils with special needs that the assistant should know and meet. The practical part is divided into two sections. In first one he describes interviews with students who perform the position of assistant teacher during their studies. With class teachers who worked as assistant teachers before taking up their role and with the school management, which is known for its cooperation with students. The practical part also describes personal experience with the role of assistance by the author of the work. The second section describes the analysis of the questionnaire survey for the course Assistant practice, in which each student of the teaching module encounters the role of assistant. At the end of this work are presented data.

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