As enfermarias de Psiquiatria em hospitais gerais articulam-se com a proposta da reforma psiquiátrica, na tentativa de evitar internações longas e, conseqüentemente, o hospitalismo e a cronificação gerada pelos hospitais psiquiátricos tradicionais. A internação deve ser indicada após todos os recursos extra-hospitalares mostrarem-se insuficientes e o tratamento deve oferecer assistência integral e trabalhar em prol da reinserção social. Para tanto, é necessário que o paciente seja atendido por uma equipe multidisciplinar, em que todos são igualmente responsáveis pela assistência e pelo bemestar do paciente. Nessa perspectiva, os técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem desempenham papéis importantes, pois permanecem mais tempo em contato com os pacientes e têm a oportunidade de observar, obter a confiança, interagir com eles e, conseqüentemente, colaborar para a melhoria da assistência em Psiquiatria e em Saúde Mental. A presente pesquisa é um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativo-descritivo e exploratório. Tem como objetivo investigar a atuação dos trabalhadores de enfermagem de nível médio que trabalham na enfermaria do Setor de Psiquiatria de um hospital público em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Os sujeitos foram os técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem que trabalham no local de estudo. Para coleta de dados, foi utilizada a observação participante e a entrevista semi-estruturada gravada em fitas cassetes. A análise foi feita a partir das transcrições das fitas, organização, classificação dos dados e a análise final, que se deu a partir da discussão à luz dos conhecimentos produzidos na área. Os resultados envolvem a caracterização dos sujeitos; descrição do setor e das atividades desenvolvidas pelos sujeitos e as facilidades e dificuldades encontrados por eles para o desenvolvimento de suas atividades. A pesquisa apontou que a maioria dos trabalhadores não escolheram trabalhar no local, foram designados para o setor após aprovação em concurso e não têm preparo específico na área. Os sujeitos definem o doente mental como uma pessoa que sofre por causa das particularidades da doença e pelo preconceito social. Suas atividades são caracterizadas pela divisão de tarefas e por um trabalho repetitivo e mecanizado e têm como objetivo atender as necessidades do setor e de outros profissionais. A facilidade encontrada foi o bom relacionamento entre os membros da equipe de enfermagem e as dificuldades estão relacionadas à \"característica da instituição\" e às dificuldades estão relacionadas às \"particularidades do trabalho da enfermagem psiquiátrica\". Considera-se a necessidade da valorização do técnico e auxiliar de enfermagem em todos os momentos do processo de trabalho, para que haja, de fato, as transformações necessárias à assistência em Saúde Mental. / Psychiatric nurses in general hospitals are engaged to the proposal of a psychiatric reformulation, in order to prevent extensive internments and the consequent hospitalism and the chronic situation generated by traditional psychiatric clinics. Internment must only be indicated after all the extra-hospital resources had been shown insufficient and, in these cases, treatment has to give a whole assistance as well to lead to a patient social reinsertion. For that, the patient must to be treated by a multidisciplinary staff, in which everyone is equally responsible for the assistance and for the patient well-being. Under this point of view, nurse technicians and assistants play an important hole, for they have a longer contact with the patients, and they have the chance to observe, to gain confidence, interact with them and, as a consequence, collaborate to the attendance improvement in Psychiatry and Mental Health. This investigation is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory case study whose aim is to search the behavior of middle level nurse workers at a public hospital Psychiatric infirmary in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Technicians and assistants who work in the study place were the search subjects. To collect. For collecting data, participant observation and tape recorded semi-structured interviews were used. After tape transcription, the analysis was done from discussion based on previous literature. The results involve the subject characterization, description of the work sector and of the activities done by them, as well facilities and difficulties found during the realization of the activities and reported by them in the interviews. Most of the workers did not choose to work in that place, because they were designated to that department after being approved in a public selection and they have no specific training in the area. They define mental sick persons as an individual who suffers due to the illness particularities and to social prejudice. Nurse activities are characterized by task division and by a repetitive and mechanic work whose aim is to attend the department and other professional demands. Good relationship among the members of the team was a positive aspect in the search; among the problems, one may point institution character and particular aspects in psychiatric nurse work. The demands of a technician valorization have to be concerned in every stage in the work process, in order to get real decisive transformations in Mental Health assistance.

Thesis themed is about Successful Integration of Pupils with Special Educational Needs. It is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the first chapter of theoretic part are mentioned and explained notions as integration, inclusion, handicap and special educational needs. The second chapter of theoretic parts is devoted to subsidiary cautions in education, possibility of schools and other educational establishments at work with pupils with special educational needs. Final two chapters are describing development of Czech education and school systems selective European countries. There is an effort embrace patterns, where inclusion is long term in action and conversely mention examples of countries, where the integration is only at the beginning. Practical section shows qualitative research that is divided into several parts. The questionnaire inquiry was conducted in two Elementary schools. The purpose is to find answers: Where pedagogical staff notices advantageousness of integration for pupils with special educational needs? What they see like the most important element for successful mastered integration? Teacher assistants responded on close-up questions regarding their work: Why is their work so important? How are they take in by parents or other pedagogical workers? How they can...

I denna kvantitativa studie var syftet att undersöka hur arbetstillfredsställelse samt feedback samverkar med arbetsmotivation hos yrkesgruppen personliga assistenter i kommunal verksamhet. Urvalet i denna studie bestod av personliga assistenter som arbetar i en liten kommun i Västra Götaland. I denna undersökning användes tre enkäter som delades ut till de 85 assistenter som var anställda, och det genererade 34 svar i slutändan varav 23 var kvinnor och 11 var män. Respondenternas ålder i undersökningen sträckte sig mellan 20 – 63 år, där medelåldern var 40,74 år. Enkäterna som användes som underlag var Basic Need Satisfaction at Work Scale (BNS), Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) samt Feedback Orientation Scale (FOS). Resultatet av analyserna visade en positiv korrelation mellan arbetstillfredsställelse och arbetsmotivation men ingen korrelation mellan arbetsmotivation och feedback. Enligt undersökningens analyser predicerade feedback inte heller arbetsmotivation medan arbetstillfredsställelse predicerade arbetsmotivation. Det fanns inga skillnader i resultatet hur män och kvinnor upplevde arbetstillfredsställelse, arbetsmotivation eller feedback. / In this quantitative study, the purpose was to investigate how job satisfaction and feedback relate to work motivation of municipal personal assistants in municipal activities.  The sample in this study consisted of personal assistants working in a small municipality in Västra Götaland. This survey consisted of three questionnaires distributed to the 85 assistants employed. It generated 34 responses in the end, of which 23 were women and 11 were men. Respondents age in this survey ranged from 20 - 63 years, where the middle age was 40 years. The surveys that were used as a basis were basic needs satisfaction at work scale (BNS), Minnesota satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) as well as feedback orientation scale (FOS). The result of the analyses showed a positive correlation between job satisfaction and work motivation, however no correlation between work motivation and feedback was found. According to the analysis, feedback did not predict work motivation while job satisfaction predicted work motivation. There were no differences in the results of how men and women experienced job satisfaction, work motivation or feedback.

The profession of physicians' assistant was introduced in the 1960s to assist with physician shortages in the United States of America. Since then, some countries have introduced this profession to fill the gaps that exist in the physician shortages problem in their health care system. Yet, in many countries like Trinidad and Tobago, this role remains absent from the health care system. The objective of this study was to assess how professionalization supports the introduction of the physicians' assistant role in Trinidad and Tobago. Using the theory of profession as a theoretical framework, and through an evaluation of institutional, regulatory, and cultural norms and barriers associated with the health care system of Trinidad and Tobago, the role of jurisdiction, societal factors, professional competition, and legitimization was assessed using a qualitative, ethnographic design, with 22 participants. The data collection tools included a questionnaire and structured interview and content analysis of relevant documents to yield the data from which conclusions may be drawn. The results showed that jurisdiction, societal changes, interprofessional competition and legitimization can all influence the introduction of physicians' assistants. Evidence from this research may provide health care administrators with important information to assess the feasibility of the introduction of this vital role to improve patient care on the islands.

Context: Scapular motion evaluation is a necessary component of the upper extremity exam. Several methods exist, but most lack good reliability or diagnostic accuracy. The yes/no scapular dyskinesis test has the best of both measures but is untested on inexperienced clinicians. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the yes/no scapular dyskinesis test when used by graduate assistant athletic trainers. Participants: The participants were college-aged students with no prior history of upper extremity fracture or nerve injury. Data Collection and Results: Participants were evaluated for scapular dyskinesis by a physician and 10 graduate assistant athletic trainers. Ratings were for normal or dyskinetic and then determination of side. Reliability was calculated using Gwet’s AC1 statistic and diagnostic accuracy from standard 2x2 contingency tables. Results: Reliability was moderate (AC1 = 0.48, p < 0.0025, 95% CI [0.147, 0.812]) when side was not accounted for and moderate (AC1 = 0.43, p < 0.0001, 95% CI [0.242, 0.632]) when side-per-side decisions were made. Sensitivity and negative predictive values were low to moderate (34.4%-66.2%, 8.9%-74.1% ). Specificity and positive predictive values were moderate to high (50%-85.2%, 51.5%-95.2%). Accuracy was moderate (65.2%-69.4%) and positive and negative likelihood ratios were low (1.325-2.333, 0.675-0.769). Conclusions: The reliability in this study was on par with previously published studies. Measures of diagnostic accuracy met or exceeded previous results. Clinically, to avoid false negative results and enhance the use of positive results, it appears necessary to combine methods and begin the evaluation with a gross assessment of whether or not dyskinesis is present and if it is to then evaluate which side is dyskinetic.

Ce document donne un panorama de la représentation des définitions inductives dans différents assistants de preuve en logique d'ordre supérieur, théorie des ensembles et théorie des types. Il présente, étudie et justifie les choix faits dans le système Coq.

Avec le nombre croissant d'utilisateurs novices des applications informatiques, le besoin d'une aide efficace est devenu critique. Afin de répondre à ce besoins, nous suggérons d'utiliser un Agent Conversationnel Assistant (ACA), c'est-à-dire une interface permettant l'utilisation de la langue naturelle (en effet celle-ci est utilisée spontanément dès qu'un problème surgit) ainsi qu'une présence rassurante pour les utilisateurs.Une étude préliminaire détaille la constitution (en combinant la collecte et l'utilisation de thesaurus) d'un corpus de requêtes dont nous justifions le besoin. Ce corpus de 11626 requêtes est comparé avec d'autres corpus existants et nous montrons qu'il couvre le domaine étudié d'aide et que de plus, il contient des requêtes portant d'une part sur le contrôle de l'application et d'autre part des phrases de 'clavardage'. Ce corpus fournit une base saine pour la conception d'un analyseur syntactico-sémantique de requêtes en langage naturel, utilisant un jeu de classes (keys) sémantiques, un jeu de règles d'analyse et un jeu de règles de transformation. En entrée, les requêtes sont exprimées dans un langage formel (DAFT) pour lequel nous proposons une syntaxe et une sémantique. L'analyseur est alors évalué en comparant une annotation manuelle avec les requêtes produites automatiquement et nous étudions l'usage de techniques d'apprentissage supervisé afin d'identifier les classes d'activités conversationnelles. La méthodologie employée est validée via l'intégration d'un ACA dans une application Web existante , dédiée au prototypage collectif de la musique sur Internet. Enfin, nous décrivons l'architecture requise pour implémenter un agent rationnel qui a pour rôle de définir les réactions aux requêtes formelles des usagers, exprimées en DAFT ainsi que le modèle de l'application assistée, mettant ainsi en lumière le besoin d'un modèle cognitif.

<p>Abstract</p><p>This essay is an investigation where I try to gain an increased knowledge of the three assistants’ (in the mentally disability profession) opinion about their education and their first years in their profession. I have also tried to answer the questions whether the course mentally disability/functional gives the students a good start in their profession, if there are any flaws or if something is missing in the course or if they can think of any improvements to make the course better.</p><p>This investigation is performed as a qualitative interview study where three women were interviewed about their education and their first years as assistants’ (in the mentally disability profession). All the interviewed women have been working in the care activity for two or three years since they graduated. The investigation shows that there is a great need for practical training for students on the mentally disability/functional disability course, since it leads to a better start in their profession. Since working as a assistant in the mentally disability is a profession which could be difficult to get accustomed to, the instructor plays an important role since the student really needs to learn how to take responsibility and participate as much as possible in the daily work which concerns mentally disabled people during their practical training.</p><p>Keyword: Vocational training, socialization* transition* that’s combine with care assistant, care nurse, practical nurse, secondary nurse, mental health and nurse assistant.</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Denna uppsats är en undersökning där jag vill få en ökad förståelse kring tre omsorgsassistenters uppfattningar om utbildningen på omvårdnadsprogrammet och deras första tid i yrket. Jag har även försökt besvara frågorna om kursen utvecklingsstörning/funktionshinder ger studenterna en god start i yrket, om det finns några brister eller om något saknas samt om studenterna kan ge förslag på förbättringar som kan göra kursen bättre.</p><p>Denna undersökning är utförd som en kvalitativ intervjustudie där tre kvinnor intervjuas kring utbildningen och vidare ut i yrkeslivet. Samtliga av de intervjuade kvinnorna har arbetat i omsorgsverksamheten under två till tre år sedan slutförd utbildning. Undersökningen visar att det finns ett stort behov av praktik för studenter som väljer kursen med inriktningen utvecklingsstörning/funktionshinder, eftersom det leder till en god start i yrket. Då yrket som omsorgsassistent kan vara svårt att komma in i så har även handledaren en viktig roll, studenten behöver verkligen få lära sig att ta ansvar och delta så mycket som möjligt i det dagliga arbetet med utvecklingsstörda under sin praktik.</p><p>Nyckelord: Yrkesutbildning, socialization* transition* vilket kombinerats med care assistant, care nurse, practical nurse, secondary nurse, mental health och nurse assistant.</p>

Abstract This essay is an investigation where I try to gain an increased knowledge of the three assistants’ (in the mentally disability profession) opinion about their education and their first years in their profession. I have also tried to answer the questions whether the course mentally disability/functional gives the students a good start in their profession, if there are any flaws or if something is missing in the course or if they can think of any improvements to make the course better. This investigation is performed as a qualitative interview study where three women were interviewed about their education and their first years as assistants’ (in the mentally disability profession). All the interviewed women have been working in the care activity for two or three years since they graduated. The investigation shows that there is a great need for practical training for students on the mentally disability/functional disability course, since it leads to a better start in their profession. Since working as a assistant in the mentally disability is a profession which could be difficult to get accustomed to, the instructor plays an important role since the student really needs to learn how to take responsibility and participate as much as possible in the daily work which concerns mentally disabled people during their practical training. Keyword: Vocational training, socialization* transition* that’s combine with care assistant, care nurse, practical nurse, secondary nurse, mental health and nurse assistant. / Sammanfattning Denna uppsats är en undersökning där jag vill få en ökad förståelse kring tre omsorgsassistenters uppfattningar om utbildningen på omvårdnadsprogrammet och deras första tid i yrket. Jag har även försökt besvara frågorna om kursen utvecklingsstörning/funktionshinder ger studenterna en god start i yrket, om det finns några brister eller om något saknas samt om studenterna kan ge förslag på förbättringar som kan göra kursen bättre. Denna undersökning är utförd som en kvalitativ intervjustudie där tre kvinnor intervjuas kring utbildningen och vidare ut i yrkeslivet. Samtliga av de intervjuade kvinnorna har arbetat i omsorgsverksamheten under två till tre år sedan slutförd utbildning. Undersökningen visar att det finns ett stort behov av praktik för studenter som väljer kursen med inriktningen utvecklingsstörning/funktionshinder, eftersom det leder till en god start i yrket. Då yrket som omsorgsassistent kan vara svårt att komma in i så har även handledaren en viktig roll, studenten behöver verkligen få lära sig att ta ansvar och delta så mycket som möjligt i det dagliga arbetet med utvecklingsstörda under sin praktik. Nyckelord: Yrkesutbildning, socialization* transition* vilket kombinerats med care assistant, care nurse, practical nurse, secondary nurse, mental health och nurse assistant.

The purpose of this dissertation was to analyze the impact of international experiential education on life choices, specifically those related to career and educational goals. This was accomplished through two main phases of research. In the first phase, a web-based survey was used to explore the question of whether international experiential education did, in fact, impact life choices. Responses from this initial phase were used to identify a purposive sample of eight respondents with whom telephone interviews were conducted in the second phase of the study. The goal of the interviews was to determine, for those who indicated that their life choices had been impacted by the abroad experience, when and why it had happened. The evaluation was done by applying Mezirow’s transformative learning theory to the analysis. The self-reported responses indicated that there was an impact on life choices related to educational and career goals in almost 80 percent of the 74 survey respondents. These data were used as the foundation for the second phase of the study, which examined the catalysts for, and the process of, transformation through the lens of transformative learning theory. Almost all respondents indicated that the international experience had transformed their perspectives on their identity and purpose in life. Seven out of eight respondents discussed how they had gained an understanding of the fact that where one is born defines his or her perspective. One’s sociocultural environment defines who one is and how he or she sees the world. The international experience allows a person to see themselves through the eyes of others. While the timing and specifics of the catalysts varied, each of these seven had gone through the phases of transformation--disorienting dilemma, critical reflection, changed frame of reference--with some relation to the abroad experience.