This thesis examines how the Swedish Act On Support and Service to Certain Impaired persons (LSS) has given rise to substantial opportunities for people with disabilities to participate in society and to live under the same conditions as all other citizens. These objectives have in turn created a new profession, personal assistants, who work daily to transform the words of diversity and community participation into practice. The terms of employment of this new category of workers appear in diverse way both when it comes to the scope of their working tasks, as well as the employment protection especially for workers in the private sector. Because of the discrepancies that exist against the Swedish Employment Protection Act (LAS) and the rich variety that characterizes the performance of work, this inquiry aims therefore to seek to investigate to what extent an employee can be dismissed in relation to the LSS-right to personal assistance as well as how this can be understood from the impaired persons point of view. Initially, a legal scientific method is used to seek answers in this area. A sociological approach has also been applied to complete the parts where laws and other traditional sources of law have not been able to provide satisfactory answers. The findings that conclude this investigation claim that the perceived uncertainty of the tasks as well as the discrepant employment protection is maintained through the continuous link to the LSS-legislation.   Key words: LSS, private sector, dismissal, employment protection, the impaired person’s attitude towards the personal assistant

I denna kvantitativa studie var syftet att undersöka hur arbetstillfredsställelse samt feedback samverkar med arbetsmotivation hos yrkesgruppen personliga assistenter i kommunal verksamhet. Urvalet i denna studie bestod av personliga assistenter som arbetar i en liten kommun i Västra Götaland. I denna undersökning användes tre enkäter som delades ut till de 85 assistenter som var anställda, och det genererade 34 svar i slutändan varav 23 var kvinnor och 11 var män. Respondenternas ålder i undersökningen sträckte sig mellan 20 – 63 år, där medelåldern var 40,74 år. Enkäterna som användes som underlag var Basic Need Satisfaction at Work Scale (BNS), Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) samt Feedback Orientation Scale (FOS). Resultatet av analyserna visade en positiv korrelation mellan arbetstillfredsställelse och arbetsmotivation men ingen korrelation mellan arbetsmotivation och feedback. Enligt undersökningens analyser predicerade feedback inte heller arbetsmotivation medan arbetstillfredsställelse predicerade arbetsmotivation. Det fanns inga skillnader i resultatet hur män och kvinnor upplevde arbetstillfredsställelse, arbetsmotivation eller feedback. / In this quantitative study, the purpose was to investigate how job satisfaction and feedback relate to work motivation of municipal personal assistants in municipal activities.  The sample in this study consisted of personal assistants working in a small municipality in Västra Götaland. This survey consisted of three questionnaires distributed to the 85 assistants employed. It generated 34 responses in the end, of which 23 were women and 11 were men. Respondents age in this survey ranged from 20 - 63 years, where the middle age was 40 years. The surveys that were used as a basis were basic needs satisfaction at work scale (BNS), Minnesota satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) as well as feedback orientation scale (FOS). The result of the analyses showed a positive correlation between job satisfaction and work motivation, however no correlation between work motivation and feedback was found. According to the analysis, feedback did not predict work motivation while job satisfaction predicted work motivation. There were no differences in the results of how men and women experienced job satisfaction, work motivation or feedback.

Purpose: Participation in niches within family settings provide children with social and non-social experiences that may lead to enhanced learning and development which may later promote in-creased participation in many other activities. Therefore, there is a need to identify about ways how to facilitate participation of a child with disabilities in families’ everyday life.Method: The qualitative, explorative, inductive design was performed using focus groups. The data was used from the focus group interviews done in 2013-2014.Results: The semi-structured interviews revealed four ways of how participation for children with disabilities could be enhanced in family settings. They were: to adapt as a parent; to find an ex-ternal personal assistant that suits family’s needs; to develop a connection among family and external personal assistant; to find suitable activities for children with disabilities.Conclusions: environmental aspects were identified as the ones that could be modified to enhance participation in family settings for children with disabilities.

Människans livskvalitet hänger tätt samman med vilken lyckonivå personen befinner sig på. Det finns flera faktorer som påverkar lyckonivån och ibland kan det behövas lite hjälp av exempelvis personlig assistans för att kunna uppnå lyckonivåerna.Senaste tiden har vi nästan dagligen kunnat läsa i dagspressen om hur den personliga assistansen överutnyttjas, den har ökat i kostnader och att det är mycket fusk inom den. Utöver det har vi kunnat läsa om individer vars assistansersättning helt eller delvis har dragits in. Genom en litteraturstudie, en så kallad scoping study undersöker denna studie vad tidigare forskning säger om upplevelser kring livskvalitet och empowerment för personer som lever med personlig assistans. Syftet var även att se om personlig assistans inverkar på individens livskvalitet. Kan personer med funktionsnedsättningar och som är i behov av stöd och hjälp uppnå de tio förmågor som Martha Nussbaum anser sig vara nödvändiga för att känna livskvalitet? Resultatet visar att den personliga assistansen har både för- och nackdelar men att fördelarna väger tyngst och hjälper assistansanvändarna till ett självständigt liv. Med hjälp av assistansen kan användarna bland annat nå ett självbestämmande, komma ut i arbetsliv och ha möjlighet till familjebildning. / The quality of life depends on the happiness of the person. There are several factors that affect happiness and sometimes some help from personal assistance may be needed to achieve happiness levels.Recently, we have been able to read in daily press about how personal assistance is overused, it has increased in costs and that there is a lot of cheating on it. In addition to that, we have been able to read about individuals whose assistance compensation has been fully or partially withdrawn.Through a literature study, a so-called scoping study, this study studies what previous research says about experiences about quality of life and empowerment for people living with personal assistance. The purpose was also to see whether personal assistance affects the individual's quality of life. Can people with disabilities who are in need of support and help achieve the ten thresholds that Martha Nussbaum considers necessary to feel quality of life? The result shows that personal assistance has both pros and cons, but the benefits weigh heaviest and help the assistance users to an independent life. With the help of the help, users can, among other things, reach self-determination, get into work life and have the opportunity to family-run

This thesis aims to explore how to shape proactive interactions between ambient artefacts and humans. Where ambient artefacts are represented by smart personal assistants and interactive tabletop robots. The conducted research is of explorative nature, relying on a critical and speculative design approach. Key aspects and their influence in shaping proactivity were identified.  Insights upon different means of feedback, namely coloured light, motion and sound are discussed in connection with the spatial placement of a proactive artefact and the provided user experience. The notion of gaining versus losing control to an artefact is presented and a reflection on the concept of annoyance as a design material. A proactive system featuring a collection of physical and digital interactive artefacts was created as part of this research. Insights and conclusions are based on conducted interviews after user-testing those artefacts.

In recent years, online deception has become a major threat to information security. Online deception that caused significant consequences is usually spear phishing. Spear-phishing emails come in a very small volume, target a small number of audiences, sometimes impersonate a trusted entity and use very specific content to redirect targets to a phishing website, where the attacker tricks targets sharing their credentials. In this thesis, we aim at measuring the entire process. Starting from phishing emails, we examine anti-spoofing protocols, analyze email services' policies and warnings towards spoofing emails, and measure the email tracking ecosystem. With phishing websites, we implement a powerful tool to detect domain name impersonation and detect phishing pages using dynamic and static analysis. We also analyze credential sharing on phishing websites, and measure what happens after victims share their credentials. Finally, we discuss potential phishing and privacy concerns on new platforms such as Alexa and Google Assistant. In the first part of this thesis (Chapter 3), we focus on measuring how email providers detect and handle forged emails. We also try to understand how forged emails can reach user inboxes by deliberately composing emails. Finally, we check how email providers warn users about forged emails. In the second part (Chapter 4), we measure the adoption of anti-spoofing protocols and seek to understand the reasons behind the low adoption rates. In the third part of this thesis (Chapter 5), we observe that a lot of phishing emails use email tracking techniques to track targets. We collect a large dataset of email messages using disposable email services and measure the landscape of email tracking. In the fourth part of this thesis (Chapter 6), we move on to phishing websites. We implement a powerful tool to detect squatting domains and train a machine learning model to classify phishing websites. In the fifth part (Chapter 7), we focus on the credential leaks. More specifically, we measure what happens after the targets' credentials are leaked. We monitor and measure the potential post-phishing exploiting activities. Finally, with new voice platforms such as Alexa becoming more and more popular, we wonder if new phishing and privacy concerns emerge with new platforms. In this part (Chapter 8), we systematically assess the attack surfaces by measuring sensitive applications on voice assistant systems. My thesis measures important parts of the complete process of online deception. With deeper understandings of phishing attacks, more complete and effective defense mechanisms can be developed to mitigate attacks in various dimensions. / Doctor of Philosophy / In recent years, online deception becomes a major threat to information security. The most common form of online deception starts with a phishing email, then redirects targets to a phishing website where the attacker tricks targets sharing their credentials. General phishing emails are relatively easy to recognize from both the target's and the defender's perspective. They are usually from strange addresses, the content is usually very general and they come in a large volume. However, Online deception that caused significant consequences is usually spear phishing. Spear-phishing emails come in a very small volume, target a small number of audiences, sometimes impersonate a trusted entity and use very specific content to redirect targets to a phishing website, where the attacker tricks targets sharing their credentials. Sometimes, attackers use domain impersonation techniques to make the phishing website even more convincing. In this thesis, we measure the entire process. Starting from phishing emails, we examine anti-spoofing protocols, analyze email services' policies and warnings towards spoofing emails, and measure the email tracking ecosystem. With phishing websites, we implement a tool to detect domain name impersonation and detect phishing pages using dynamic and static analysis. We also studied credential sharing on phishing websites. We measure what happens after targets share their credentials. Finally, we analyze potential phishing and privacy concerns on new platforms such as Alexa and Google Assistant.

<p>The purpose with our essay was:</p><p>-          To study how personal assistants understand their occupation role.</p><p>-          To describe the attitude of personal assistants to the right of self-determination of their care receivers.</p><p> </p><p>We have used a qualitative research method called phenomenografic.</p><p> </p><p>The empirical material was based on four interviews that served as the data collection methods. The interviewees were four women from two different municipalities of Middle Sweden. The interviewed personal assistants work with adult people who have mental disabilities.</p><p> </p><p>As a result we came up with eight categories which showed that personal assistants, despite some difficulties, perceive their careers as crucial for society’s well being. The phenomenon of self-determination was much easier to describe than to put to practice. The reason for personal assistants withholding the other persons’ right to self-determination was that they were facing ethical dilemmas.</p><p> </p> / <p>Syften med vår uppsats har varit</p><p>-          Att undersöka hur personliga assistenter uppfattar sin yrkesroll.</p><p>-          Att beskriva hur personliga assistenter förhåller sig till omsorgstagares rätt till självbestämmande.</p><p> </p><p>Metoden vi har använt är fenomenografi som är en kvalitativ forskningsmetod.</p><p> </p><p>Det empiriska materialet är baserat på fyra intervjuer som var datainsamlingsmetod. Intervjupersonerna bestod av fyra kvinnor från två olika kommuner i Mellansverige.</p><p> </p><p>Intervjuade personliga assistenter arbetar med vuxna människor som har funktionsnedsättning i form av utvecklingsstörning.</p><p> </p><p>Resultatet blev åtta olika kategorier som visade att personliga assistenter trots vissa svårigheter uppfattar sitt yrke som ett betydelsefullt arbete. Det var lätt för dem att beskriva vad fenomenet självbestämmande betyder men ibland lite svårare att genomföra i praktiskt arbete. Anledningen till assistenterna inte alltid följde omsorgstagares självbestämmanderätt var att de ställdes inför vissa etiska dilemman.</p>

The purpose with our essay was: -          To study how personal assistants understand their occupation role. -          To describe the attitude of personal assistants to the right of self-determination of their care receivers.   We have used a qualitative research method called phenomenografic.   The empirical material was based on four interviews that served as the data collection methods. The interviewees were four women from two different municipalities of Middle Sweden. The interviewed personal assistants work with adult people who have mental disabilities.   As a result we came up with eight categories which showed that personal assistants, despite some difficulties, perceive their careers as crucial for society’s well being. The phenomenon of self-determination was much easier to describe than to put to practice. The reason for personal assistants withholding the other persons’ right to self-determination was that they were facing ethical dilemmas. / Syften med vår uppsats har varit -          Att undersöka hur personliga assistenter uppfattar sin yrkesroll. -          Att beskriva hur personliga assistenter förhåller sig till omsorgstagares rätt till självbestämmande.   Metoden vi har använt är fenomenografi som är en kvalitativ forskningsmetod.   Det empiriska materialet är baserat på fyra intervjuer som var datainsamlingsmetod. Intervjupersonerna bestod av fyra kvinnor från två olika kommuner i Mellansverige.   Intervjuade personliga assistenter arbetar med vuxna människor som har funktionsnedsättning i form av utvecklingsstörning.   Resultatet blev åtta olika kategorier som visade att personliga assistenter trots vissa svårigheter uppfattar sitt yrke som ett betydelsefullt arbete. Det var lätt för dem att beskriva vad fenomenet självbestämmande betyder men ibland lite svårare att genomföra i praktiskt arbete. Anledningen till assistenterna inte alltid följde omsorgstagares självbestämmanderätt var att de ställdes inför vissa etiska dilemman.

Sammanfattning I denna studie undersöker jag vilken syn biståndshandläggarna och enhetscheferna har på avlönad anhörigvård och hur denna anhöriganställning påverkar situationen för de anhöriga. Jag väljer i min studie att fokusera på konsekvenser av anhöriganställning för en person som vårdar sin anhörig och som ingår i begreppet invandrare. Jag har använt mig av en kvalitativ studie och har intervjuat fem myndighetspersoner i Uppsala. I studien reflekterar och analyserar jag myndighetspersonernas åsikter med utgångspunkt i det teoretiska perspektivet KASAM – Känsla Av SAMmanhang och Social utbytesteori. Resultaten visar på en utbredd negativ syn på anhöriganställning hos myndighetspersoner, detta grundar sig på deras mångåriga erfarenhet av anhöriganställning och de problem som anhöriga möter i dagligt arbete som till exempel tunga lyft, bundenhet, yrkets låga status, men mitt resultat visar också på den stora brist av information kring anhöriganställning som råder i Uppsala. Det framkommer även positiva sidor av anhöriganställning som till exempel lön, utökad social kontakt och utbildning. I studien efterfrågas behov av utveckling av anhöriganställning och att detta är nödvändigt för att få mer av de positiva effekterna inom yrket. / Abstract This study examines the vision I have on assisting managers and heads of paid careers and how paid dependent care within the family affects the situation of the relatives. In my study I choose to focus on the effects of paid dependent care within the family for a person who cherishes his relative and who is included in the concept of immigrants. I have used a qualitative study and interviewed five magistrates in Uppsala. In the study, I reflect and analyze public opinions on the basis of the theoretical perspective SOC (Sense of Coherence) and Social Exchange theory. The results point to a widespread negative perception of family based dependent care with government officials, this is based on their experience of family based dependent care and the problems families encounter in daily work such as heavy lifting, obligations, the low status, but my results also show the considerable lack of information surrounding the family based dependent care obtained in Uppsala. Positive sides of family based dependent care are also found in my study, for example, pay, enhanced social contact, and education. The study needs for the require development of dependent care within the family and that this is necessary in order to get more of the positive effects within the profession.

The thesis deals with the integration of learners with special educational needs into non-special basic schools and classes with the usage of supportive assistance service. The theoretical part is focused on the statement of specialized terminology, the explanation of terms and forms of pedagogical integration. The dissertation is defined in detail to laws and regulations which address this issue. The composition summarizes the differences between a pedagogue assistant and a personal assistant, their competency, provisions, job description, qualification and legislation connected. In the practical part there is a research. The aim of this thesis was to find out if pedagogical assistants are really prepared and qualified to their work.