M.A., Arts Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand, 2001

Orientador: Maria Viviane do Amaral Veras / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T11:26:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AdrianoClaytonda_M.pdf: 7559471 bytes, checksum: 40c072d7134e33deee1a0d50dc5c62a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Ainda há poucos trabalhos acadêmicos explorando as possibilidades da tradução em ambientes multissemióticos como as Histórias em Quadrinhos (HQs), embora estas sejam cada vez mais consumidas, o que inclui as traduzidas. Nas HQs, as imagens, como as palavras, têm significados diferentes em cada sociedade e, por esse motivo, precisam ser consideradas na tradução. Imagens, palavras e elementos quadrinísticos (EQ) ¿ como o balão ou a onomatopeia ¿ representam um grande desafio ao tradutor, especialmente quando as imagens e os EQ não podem ser modificados por questões de direitos autorais. Esta dissertação pesquisou a tradução nas HQs, tendo como objetivo entender como os elementos não verbais afetam as escolhas do tradutor. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, documental, descritiva e interpretativa, ou seja, dependente da sensibilidade e interpretação do pesquisador. O corpus compreendeu quatro álbuns impressos de HQ do personagem francês Asterix, com suas versões na língua original e as respectivas traduções para o público brasileiro. A pesquisa mostrou-se profícua e proveitosa, pois exigiu, além da fundamentação teórica no campo dos estudos de Tradução, a busca por outras teorias nos campos das Artes, da Linguística Aplicada, da Semiótica entre outros. Especial destaque à Multimodalidade e à Paratradução, ferramentas teóricas que permitem repensar as imagens e a tradução. Como resultado, concluiu-se que as imagens e os EQ influenciam muito as escolhas do tradutor, pois seu trabalho e liberdade ficam restritos ao interior dos balões, ao título, às notas de rodapé e a outros raros locais dentro de um quadrinho. Mais do que restrita, a tradução tem de se encaixar em espaços originalmente não previstos para ela, e ainda deve estar em "harmonia" com o que as imagens e EQs "dizem" em cada vinheta e no contexto geral do álbum, tira, cartum ou qualquer um dos gêneros possíveis do supergênero HQ. O tradutor então deve conhecer não apenas as línguas/culturas de chegada e de partida, mas também os elementos imagéticos, e outros sistemas semióticos e simbólicos, que afetam os diversos contextos sociais que vão surgindo na interação entre imagens, EQs e palavras / Abstract: There are few academic papers exploring the possibilities of the translation in multisemiotic environments, like the Comics, although the consumption of them is increasing, including the translated ones. In the comics, the images, as the words, have different meanings in each society and, therefore, need to be considered in translation. Images, words and exclusive comic elements (ECE) - as the balloon or onomatopoeia - represent a major challenge to the translator, especially when the images and the ECE cannot be modified by copyright issues. The aim of this study was to understand how non-verbal elements affect the translator's choices. The methodology was qualitative, documentary, descriptive and interpretive, i.e. dependent on the sensibility and interpretation of the researcher. Data analysis was conducted using four printed comic albums of the French character Asterix, with their versions in the original language and their translations for the Brazilian public. The research has been proved fruitful and profitable because it required, in addition to the theoretical foundation in the field of translation studies, the search for other theories in the fields of Arts, Applied Linguistics, Semiotics and others. Special emphasis was given to Multimodality and Paratranslation, theoretical tools that allow rethinking of the images and translations. As a result, it was concluded that the images and ECE really influence the translator's choices, since their work and freedom are limited to places such as interior of balloons, the title, the footnotes and other rare places in a frame. More than limited, the translation has to fit into spaces originally not planned for it. And it must be in "harmony" with the images and what the ECE are "saying" in each frame and in the general context of the album, strip, cartoon or any of the possible genres of the Comic Supergenre. The translator, therefore, must not only know the source/target languages and cultures, but must also know the pictorial elements and other semiotic and symbolic systems that affect the numerous social contexts that arise in the interplay between images, ECE and words / Mestrado / Linguagem e Sociedade / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

The thesis is focused on summarizing the current issue of work with experimental lasers in the research center of Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS), which falls under the Institute of Physics and Institute of Plasma Physics. Experimental lasers used for experimental research in the field of powerful laser physics and laser-produced plasma. The main experimental facility PALS is a powerful pulsed laser system Asterix IV., The research center was purchased from the German Max Planck Institute for quadratic Optics in Garching near Munich for a symbolic 1 mark. Asterix is one of the three largest iodine lasers in Europe. Between the research programs being carried out on the experimental development of lasers include applications of plasma point sources of soft non-coherent radiation, development and application of laser plasma X-ray etc. Other facilities located in the research center include PALS laser system Ti - Sapphire power of 25 terawatts. In this system, a similar experiment was performed measuring photon film dosimeters. The experimental laser Asterix IV in the research center PALS have been no experiment with film or electronic dosimeters. This work deals with the possibility of using electronic personal dosimeters when working with lasers and detection sensitivity of the dosimeters, unlike other types of personal dosimeters. This was achieved by measuring the two independent measurements ongoing at the Asterix IV laser system. Possibilities of using electronic personal dosimeters for measuring the pulse field, even though they are designed to measure benefits only in the continuous field is particularly important for workers newly built ELI center in Prague. Center ELI will be the most modern laser equipment in the world. In it will be carried out the research and application projects involving the interaction of light with matter in intensity, which is about 10 times larger than the currently achievable. ELI will deliver ultrashort laser pulses lasting typically a few femtoseconds (10-15 fs) and produce power up to 10 PW. The ELI Center will be unlike PALS controlled area in which it is important to monitor external radiation workers. Therefore, the thesis is aimed at providing support for PALS measurement using electronic personal dosimeters Center ELI. We also compare the sensitivity of the most common types of personal dosimeters such as film and thermoluminescent dosimeters. In the theoretical part of the description and principle of laser Asterix IV. Furthermore, the definition of ionizing radiation and its species with a particular focus on gamma and X-rays. In this thesis remains missing definitions such as dosimetry, types of dosimeters, monitoring, radiation protection and value to it. In the methodology are then analyzed measurements that were carried out in two experiments using electronic personal dosimeters, film dosimeters and thermoluminescent dosimeters. Furthermore, also the deployment of the laser system, focusing mainly on the description of the interaction of the hall and the interaction chamber, where were measured. The methodology is also a series of photos of photos taken at the workplace PALS for easier orientation. In the results, the values of individual measurements recorded for better clarity in the tables and charts described. The discussion is focused on the confirmation of hypotheses. Are compared to results from electronic and film dosimeters and electronic dosimeters and termoluminescent. Results are based on one shot and statistically processed. In the event of a general summary of the work, it is recommended the use of electronic personal dosimeters to work with experimental lasers and supported the intention of the use of electronic personal dosimeters in the newly built Center ELI in Prague, mainly because of higher sensitivity than that with film and TLD and also for easier, faster, and economical evaluation of the benefits.

<p>The need for increased safety and efficiency in civil aviation is pushing the introduction of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B). The basic principle of ADS-B is that each aircraft is able to communicate its position and status over a radio data link to surrounding aircraft. In this way each aircraft obtains a detailed picture of the surrounding traffic. During a period of transition from today's radar surveillance to ADS-B many aircraft will not be equipped with the new data link technology and will therefore be invisible to the ADS-B equipped aircraft. The Traffic Information Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) has been conceived to be the solution to this problem. TIS-B is defined as a broadcast surveillance service in which data from the ordinary ground radar system is transmitted from a ground station to airborne systems, providing an air situation picture of the non-ADS-B stations. </p><p>The topics of this thesis are the definition and implementation of a TIS-B server. The presented solution is an evaluation TIS-B server that will receive data from a data-fusing tracker and provide one or several TIS-B ground stations with data filtered according to the settings of the server.</p>

The need for increased safety and efficiency in civil aviation is pushing the introduction of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B). The basic principle of ADS-B is that each aircraft is able to communicate its position and status over a radio data link to surrounding aircraft. In this way each aircraft obtains a detailed picture of the surrounding traffic. During a period of transition from today's radar surveillance to ADS-B many aircraft will not be equipped with the new data link technology and will therefore be invisible to the ADS-B equipped aircraft. The Traffic Information Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) has been conceived to be the solution to this problem. TIS-B is defined as a broadcast surveillance service in which data from the ordinary ground radar system is transmitted from a ground station to airborne systems, providing an air situation picture of the non-ADS-B stations. The topics of this thesis are the definition and implementation of a TIS-B server. The presented solution is an evaluation TIS-B server that will receive data from a data-fusing tracker and provide one or several TIS-B ground stations with data filtered according to the settings of the server.

Argonaute proteins are small DNA/RNA-guided endonucleases found in all domains of life. In animals, small RNAs of length 21–35 nucleotides direct the PIWI-clade of Argonautes to silence complementary target RNAs; these are called PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). During spermatogenesis in mice, piRNA-guided PIWI proteins, MIWI2, MILI, and MIWI, silence transposons, regulate expression of protein-coding genes and are necessary for fertility. A working endonuclease activity of MIWI and MILI is essential to complete spermatogenesis. Yet, both MIWI and MILI produce weak and slow target cleavage in vitro, thwarting biochemical examination of the silencing step. Here, we find that PIWI proteins require an auxiliary protein to efficiently cleave their targets, unlike any other known Argonaute. Gametocyte Specific Factor 1 (GTSF1) is a conserved zinc-finger protein essential for fertility and piRNA-directed silencing. We show GTSF1 accelerates the pre-steady-state rate of target cleavage by MIWI and MILI; this role of GTSF1 is also preserved in insects. A critical step in GTSF1 mechanism entails binding RNA. GTSF1 allowed detailed kinetic analyses of catalytic PIWIs: they require extensive 3′ complementarity between the guide and target to efficiently cleave them, but this base-pairing also limits turnover. Interestingly, within a species, different PIWI proteins have unique kinetic properties. In sum, our findings provide molecular mechanisms of GTSF1 function and target silencing by PIWIs as well as a useful method for future studies.

The aim of the thesis is to confront predominantly Celtic nations depicted in the comic series about Aste rix by René Goscinny and Albert Uderz with information derived from literary as well as archaeological sources and consequently to describe current stereotypes and political and social events appearing in the series. Since its origin, Asterix series has become a world phenomenon with readers across both the social and age spectrum. Numerous allusions to the recent past, which the authors decided to humorously comment on through their cartoon characters, can be found in the series. However, each of the stories takes place in the historical background of the times around the year 50 BC, and it seems interesting to observe to what extent Uderzo and Goscinny stick to the sources and when their fantasy takes over. Keywords: Asterix, René Goscinny, Albert Uderzo, phenomenon, Celtic nations, ancient times, the Gauls, the Belgae, the Picts, the present nations, international