Certified Athletic Trainers (ATC) have a critical role in collegiate athletic settings and are in close contact with athletes. Psychology plays an important role in the lives of athletes, yet ATCs may not have the training to differentiate between normal stress in athletes and real psychological problems. The primary purpose of this study was to describe perceptions of ATCs regarding their qualifications to use psychological techniques when dealing with athletes, in addition to describing accessibility and incidence of referral to psychological services. Two hundred schools from two NCAA Divisions (I and II) were randomly selected and sent a questionnaire to be completed by a certified staff athletic trainer. The results indicated Division I schools have greater access and referrals to sport psychologists than do Division II schools. It was also evident that athletic trainers knew they need more education to properly implement certain psychological techniques when dealing with their athletes.

Adolescents today are faced with an array of risk factors including sexual activity and drug and alcohol use, as well as environmental factors that are beyond their control, such as parental divorce and poverty. The attribute of resilience is an extremely desirable quality that, if developed, has the capacity to reduce the effect of many of these risk factors that many adolescents are exposed to. Sport participation is a potential intervention that a large portion of adolescents can have access to through school and community programs that could potentially foster resilience. The current causal-comparative, non-experimental study sought to add to the limited existing research by examining resilience levels of adolescents who participate in sports compared to resilience levels of their peers who do not participate in sports. The Social Emotional Assets and Resiliency Scale - Parent form was used to calculate resilience levels of the students in the study sample. Participants (n = 276) reported that the overall mean resilience score of those youth who had participated on a sports team within the last year was significantly higher than the overall mean resilience score of those youth who had not. There was no significant difference in resilience ratings of those who played school-sponsored sports versus city/recreational sports. There was also a small, statistically significant, positive correlation between the number of sports played and resilience ratings. Implications and limitations of this study are included. Parents and educators are encouraged to offer a variety of opportunities for youth to participate in activities aligned with student interests. In budgeting and planning curricular and extracurricular activities to enrich students' social experiences, schools and communities must consider the importance of sports activities in strengthening youth resilience.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if the Female Athlete Screening Tool (FAST) is a valid indicator of the three physical components of Female Athlete Triad (FAT), malnutrition, amenorrhea, and low bone mineral density, and if administration of the FAST can be used as a time- and cost-effective way to identify FAT. Participants completed the FAST, the Menstrual Status Questionnaire, and had a blood sample drawn. Interpretation of the total FAST score placed participants in one of three conditions: normal, subclinical disordered eating, or clinical eating disorder. The presence of the three biomarkers of FAT was determined by participants’ responses on the Menstrual Status Questionnaire and protein analyses of their blood samples, in which plasma Prealbumin and CTx levels were tested. Results indicated that there were not significant differences between total FAST scores of participants in each of the groups for any of the three biomarkers (i.e., low versus normal Prealbumin levels; amenorrhea versus normal menstruation; high versus normal CTx levels). More research is needed before it can be determined if the FAST is an appropriate diagnostic tool for FAT. An overwhelming majority of the sample (79.5%) received total FAST scores that fell in the subclinical disordered eating or clinical eating disorder ranges, which supports previous findings that female athletes are at a high risk of developing disordered eating habits or eating disorders due to their unique characteristics and lifestyles.

Lean body weight and aerobic and anaerobic factors have long been recognized as important determinants of performance in the 2000 met:E!r (M) 1 ace distance for rowing. Current research with noninvasive techniques has important implications for training and performance but is inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between a 2000 M rowing ergometer performance test (PT) and lean body weight (LBW), velocity at heart rate deflection (Vd), and anaerobic capacity (AC) in experienced rowers. Vd was used as an estimate of aerobic function. Thirteen trained male rowers (mean age 38.5 ± 8 years) were studied. Hydrostatic weighing at residual lung volume was used to estimate LBW. Each subject performed five exercise tests on a Concept II rowing ergometer: one 2000 M PT, two sub maximal step wise progressive tests to determine Vd (s/500 M), and two maximal 40-s anaerobic tests to determine AC. Intraclass correlation coefficients for the test/retest trials of Vd and AC were R = 0.740 and R = 0.863, respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to explain variance in PT. The order of entry of each independent variable (and associated multiple R2 at each step) in the analysis was (1) Vd, 0.589; (2) LBW, 0.709; (3) AC, 0.720. The regression equation was PT (s) = 375.66 + 1.093 (Vd) - 0.820 (LBW) - 0.0007 (AC); S.E.E. = 10.01. It was concluded that performance in a 2000 M rowing ergometer PT is primarily dependent on aerobic metabolism and available lean body weight with anaerobic factors contributing to a lesser degree. These results have implications for specific training and team selection.

The junior college athletic program at College of Southern Utah commenced in 1923. The facilities were barely satisfactory, and the construction of better facilities began in 1926. A new gymnasium was constructed and was rated as one of the better facilities in the state. The football stadium was relocated in 1928 and constructed almost entirely by donated labor , materials and equipment from community residents. A new and larger gymnasium was constructed in 1949. Football was inaugrated in 1928 on a full-time basis and has maintained this status, except during World War II The College of Southern Utah won the league championship only once and never did go through a season undefeated. Basketball was always the big s port, having its beginning in 1923. The basketball teams won the league title for many years and went on to higher honors by winning the intermountain championship and participating in the Western States Tournaments. On one occasion, a basketball team entered the National Junior College Tournament and placed sixth. Wrestling was tried on several occasions, but it failed to take hold and was not permanent until 1959. This team won the league championship. Baseball was sporadic because of the unpredictable spring weather, and did not become a strong program until 1950. The team of 1963 finished in third place in the National Junior College Tournament. Track and field had little success until 1946. The teams from 1946 to 1951 did not lose a dual meet and won the conference championship each year, a league record. Tennis was a hit and miss sport and never did obtain a full schedule. Eleven men have served as head coach at College of Southern Utah with the first six serving alone and handling all the coaching duties. The coaching duties were split and two coaches were hired in 1946, one for football and one for basketball. This policy has remained constant since then.

Modern educational administration demands that all departments be conducted on a business-like basis. Because of the amount of money taken in and spent, the financial management of his department is one of the most important duties of the director of athletics. Lack of knowledge or ability in this area may well handicap the whole program.

There has been a long-standing debate about the role and place of intercollegiate athletics (Schulman & Bowen, 2003). Often the focus is on whether successful athletic programs lead to ?value-added? outcomes such as increased alumni giving (Turner, Meserve & Bowen, 2001; Sperber, 2000), or enhanced student applicant pools (Tucker & Amato, 1993; Toma & Cross, 1998; McCormick & Tinsley, 1987; Murphy & Trandel, 1994). The empirical evidence on these issues is both limited, and mixed. For example, the findings of a few methodologically rigorous studies suggest some value-added ?applicant pool? benefits of successful athletic programs. In contrast, studies directly examining student college preferences have produced mixed results. This study offers a review of the extant empirical research on this topic in order to assess the impact of college athletic reputation on three key outcomes: size of applicant pool; quality of applicant pool; and university giving.

Resultat från tidigare studier visade att långtidsskador inom idrott har en stor inverkan på det psykiska välbefinnandet och fann ett behov av mer forskning kring de psykosociala aspekterna vid skador i idrott. Studiens syfte var att studera emotionella omställningar vid elithandbollsspelares långtidsskador och dess samspel med emotioner, självbild och socialt stöd. Deltagare var 7 kvinnor och 3 män inom nordisk elithandboll. Intervjuer utfördes, transkriberades och tematiserades med avseende på mening utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. I resultatet redovisades 33 centrala emotioner som t.ex. känslor av chock vid besked av skadans allvar, ångest över att inte prestera och deppighet över skadan. Resultat för självbild och socialt stöd visade på en stor identifikation med handbollsrollen, minskat egenvärde och betydelsen av det handbollsrelaterade stödet. Det verkade råda ett hårt klimat inom elithandbollen och vår studie skulle kunna användas till att skapa mer förståelse och bättre behandlingsalternativ för skadade individer inom elithandbollen.

The primary goal of the Thoroughbred industry is to breed and train superior equine athletes capable of excelling on the racetrack. To date, research into the genetic underpinnings of athletic ability has been limited in the horse. Advances in equine genomics and the genetics of athletic performance in humans have opened up the possibility of investigating this important trait in the Thoroughbred. Initially, 46 candidate genes associated with human athletic performance were mapped in the equine genome by radiation hybrid (RH) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping. RH data and later the draft equine genomic sequence allowed us to identify microsatellites adjacent to these and other candidate genes (95 in total). Additional microsatellites were added to increase genome coverage, producing a final panel of 186 markers. All the potential markers were initially screened on a pool of DNA for 16 Thoroughbreds to ensure they were polymorphic. The panel was genotyped on 162 Thoroughbreds in total; Centimorgans (cM) between microsatellites were determined with CRI-MAP. The animal?s athletic ability was estimated using career winnings loge transformed to create a linear trait; unraced animals were treated as missing data. Linkage analysis was carried out using the MERLIN program, and association analysis was carried out using the QTDT program. Appropriate thresholds for statistical significance were determined by carrying out 1000 simulated genome scans based on the structure of the original data. LOD scores above 1.54 met the criteria of statistical significance (with a 5% chance of type I error). In the actual genome scan, the marker L12.2 had the highest observed LOD score of 1.16 and p-value of 0.01 and consequently was not significant; the association analysis also did not detect significant association with performance on the track. Given the complexity of the phenotype under investigation and the modest sample size, the lack of linkage/association was not unexpected. Nevertheless, this study has contributed to the RH and FISH maps of the equine genome. Additionally, the development of the genome scanning panel for this study has provided useful information on the most informative microsatellites for linkage or association studies in the Thoroughbred.